chap 8 phrases & clauses

8/7/2019 CHAP 8 PHRASES & CLAUSES

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PHRASES&

CLAUSES


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Phrases :

a phrase is a group of words that hasneither no subject or no predicate;

it contains either a verb, pronoun, noun,

adjective , adverb or preposition as thehead group;

does not contain a verb and does

not make sense on its own;

e.g.

1. My neighbour (NP)

2. on the table (Prep P)


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1. The old man could still see very clearly.

2. The food tastes too salty.

3. The boys are running across the road.

4. The pupils have placed their work

on the table.

Practice: identify the types of phrases


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1. Noun phrase (man) / adverb phrase(clearly)

2. Adjective phrase (salty)

3. Prepositional phrase ( across)

4. Verb phrase (placed) /

prepositional phrase (on)

Answer:


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a clause is a group of words containingboth subject and predicate;

it contains a verb & can be used as a whole

sentence or part of a sentence; does not contain a verb and does

not make sense on its own;

e.g.1. My neighbour is very mean.

2. My book is on the table.

Clauses :


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1. The balloons popped2. long and loud

3. after the party

4. They moved quietly

5. with a sigh6. as flat as a pancake

7. We skipped

8. It rained heavily

9. thunder and lightning10. before breakfast

11. in a while

12. The wind roared

Practice: Phrases or Clauses


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1. Clause2. Phrase

3. Phrase

4. Clause

5. Phrase6. Phrase

7. Clause

8. Clause

9. Phrase10. Phrase

11. Phrase

12. Clause

Answers:


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Finite clause :

Has finite verb forms that indicate time(whether present, past or future)

e.g.

1. Swans eat water plants.2. Everyone knows that he has been promoted.

3. When Hassan arrived, the group

had left already.


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Non-finite clause :

Has non-finite verb forms that does notindicate time (use ing clauses, infinitive

clauses)

e.g.

1. Teaching grammar to college

students is a challenge.

2. Are you good at swimming?

1. To roll stones is dangerous.

2. To do well is important to me.


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1. Everybody left just after the ceremony.2. Inviting your sister was not a great

decision.

3. Ill be home around ten if my train is on

time.4. They expect Susan to do all the work.

5. Deprived of oxygen, plants will

quickly die.

Practice: Finite orNon-finite clauses


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1. Finite

2. Non-finite

3. Finite

4. Finite5. Non-finite

Answers:


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Independent clauses :

can stand alone as sentence;

contain subject and predicate;

e.g.1. Alfred did not want to marry

2. My sister, Mariana, was talking about our

mother.


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Dependent clauses :

cannot stand alone as sentences;

they need to be used with independent

clause to complete them;

e.g.

1. although the man held his daughter

2. because Jenny was laughing at the joke.


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1. He is healthy because he takes regularexercise.

2. When they arrived, the show had ended.

3. Mr Yap, who has recently migrated to

Australia, is an architect.4. They couldnt read although they

had been taught.

Practice: Dependent or independent clauses


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1. He is healthy (IC) because he takes regularexercise (DC).

2. When they arrived(DC), the show hadended (IC).

3. Mr Yap, who has recently migrated toAustralia (DC), is an architect (IC).

4. They couldnt read (IC) although

they had been taught(DC).

Answers:


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Adverbial clauses :

They answer questions like

When? Where?, How?, Why?

e.g.1. When the concert ended, the audience

cheered.

2. We plan to visit Langkawi because

it is a beautiful island.


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Relative clauses :

They identify or explain further whichsubject is being referred to in the sentence;

e.g.1. I have met the lecturerwho will be teaching us

next semester.

2. He came from the town where I

was born.


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Noun clauses :

They function the same way as nounphrases in sentences;

e.g.1. Whoever chairs the meetingmust be firm.

2. Hassan announced that the

assembly had been cancelled.

chap 8 phrases & clauses

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