Challenge 9-25 Backdrop: You are an astronaut on a

mission to discover a new planet that is almost like Earth. Once there, you have discovered that humans have been for over 20,000 years.

What difficulties would you encounter with the humans you meet? (Describe 6)

Exploring Texas:

1519-1700

CORNELL STYLE NOTES

Spain and the Reconquista Moors, Islamic people from NW Africa,

dominated Spain for 800 years Moors gained control in A.D. 711 Brought wealth to the region Cities grew into centers of business and

learning

Reconquista Completed Spanish Christians wished to retake

their land (God’s will) – Reconquista (reconquest) -800 yrs of struggle

1492 Spanish drove the Moors from Granada

Hundreds of years of war – fighting was a way of life and duty to their faith

Soldiers set out to conquer new lands

Reflection: How would the struggle with the Moors for 800 years affect the Spanish’s outlook on other religions?

Columbus’ VoyageTurned down by Portugal, then SpainAfter the defeat of the Moors, Queen

Isabella and King Ferdinand V agreed to fund his journey

Spain wanted to look for wealth and glory elsewhere

Promised to find a route to China and India and spread Christianity

1st voyage landed in the CaribbeanKing and queen were pleased with

samples of America’s riches – sent other adventurers

52 men onboard

Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria

A Global Exchange of Goods and Ideas

Europeans brought new ideas, plants, animals and diseases to the Americas.

Native Americans introduced new ideas, plants, and animals to the Europeans.

Because this exchange began with Columbus, it is called the Columbian Exchange.

52 men onboard

Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria

Global Exchange of Goods and

Reflection: Explain what the reaction all over

Europe was with the discovery of North America?

Explain what you think the other countries in Europe are now going to do?

Challenge 9-26 Why was a water route to China so

important?

Why was Spain’s position on the European continent important to their wealth, advancement, and trade?

What other routes could Spain used to reach China?

Impact of Columbus’s Voyage Columbus founded the first Spanish colony in

the Americas. Columbus’s voyages began a lasting contact

among the peoples of Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

His voyages marked a turning point in world history.

Colony – A group of people who settle in a distant land but are still ruled by their native land

Turning point – A moment in history that marks a decisive change

Exploration in the AmericasConquistadors –

Spanish conquerors had 3 goals: Gold, Glory, and God Gold: claim wealth for

Spain (pay back debt) Glory: conquer new

lands for Spain God: spread the

Christian faith (did not tolerate other religions)

Cortes and the Aztecs 1519: Hernan Cortes lands in present-

day Mexico – Aztec civilization Aztecs (indigenous = native people)

called themselves the Mexica Spain brought horses, guns, cannons,

and armor (unknown to Aztecs) Spain’s advantages: better weapons

and armor; Aztecs thought they were gods, Aztec enemies became allies

Conquest of the Aztecs Aztec capital – Tenochtitlan (present-day

Mexico City) had huge temples, enormous markets, floating gardens, zoos, and great amounts of gold, silver, and jewels

Aztec leader – Moctezuma II; welcomed Spanish at first, then drove them away

1521 Spanish conquered them for good

European Explorers****(1519) Alvarez de PINEDA – searches for

a water route to the Pacific Ocean; makes first map of Texas coastline

(1519) Hernan CORTES – 300 land in Mexico,

uses swords, guns, cannons, horses, allies, and disease to conquer Aztec Empire

**(1542)Cabeza de VACA publishes ‘RELACION’; raises interest in further exploration – hint of wealth in area

**(1682) Rene de LA SALLE – looking for Northwest Passage; travelled from Canada to Gulf of Mexico on Mississippi River

***(1684) LA SALLE – goal of building fort atmouth of MS River; Spanish, pirates, shipwreck, builds fort in Texas, La Salle killed by men, rest killed by Karankawas

After Cortes

All of Mexico became the viceroyalty (land that is ruled by an official chosen by a monarch), New Spain- ruled by an official chosen by the monarch- the viceroy

Spread into Central and South America Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas in 1532 European diseases spread (common to them), killing

thousands of Indians; they had no immunity (defense)