ch2.matter.timberlakedraft (1)

8/8/2019 Ch2.Matter.timberlakedraft (1)

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Chapter 1

Sections 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4,1.5


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Matter

y

What is matter?yAnything that takes up space and has

mass

y Examples:

y Watery Rock

y You

y Iron

y Milk

AirAirNitrogenNitrogenOxygenOxygenHydrogenHydrogenWater VaporWater Vapor


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Classification of Matter

Matter

Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Pure Substance Mixture = Solutions

Compounds Elements

Mixture


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Definitionsy Pure Substance = Neat

y Cant separate into two or more components by physicalmethods

y Can be element or compoundy mercury, iron, oxygen, hydrogen, water, ethanol

y Mixture

y Can separate into two or more components by physical

methodsy Milk, cake batter, ocean water


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Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter

y It assumes that all the states of matter (solid, liquid,gas) are comprised of the same type particles (atoms,

ions or molecules) and the state is determined by thearrangement of the particles and the energy theypossess.

y Energy (kinetic energy) is important.y The more energy (higher temperature) the particles

possess, the faster they move.y Sufficient increase in energy result in change of state.


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Kinetic Molecular Theory of Mattery

Solids:y Comprised of particles packed closely together, usually in a

regular array

y These particles vibrate back and forth but seldom move past

each other.y Liquid:

y Comprised of particles packed close together but in a randompattern

y

These particles freely move past each other.y Gases:

y Comprised of particles spaced far apart

y These particles vibrate back and forth and move freely but do

so independent of each other due to their spacing.


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taty What is a state of matter?

y Form that the matter takesy Examples:

y Water

y Rock

y Milk

y Iron

AirAirNitrogenNitrogen

OxygenOxygen

HydrogenHydrogen

Water VaporWater Vapor

CompoundCompound liquidliquid

CompoundCompound solidsolid

SolutionSolution liquidliquid

ElementElement solidsolid

MixtureMixture gasesgasesElementElement gasgas

ElementElement gasgas

ElementsElements gasgas

CompoundCompound -- gasgas


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Elements and Atoms

y Elements smallest building block of all substance

y Notated by abbreviations, symbolsy Atoms microscopic structure of elements

y Subatomic particles- make up atoms. Different arrangement ofsubatomic particles define isotopes, ions, element.

y

Ions charged atoms from chemical reactiony Periodic Table arrange elements based on structure

and reactivity.y Different forms exist. We use modern table.


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Compounds and Molecules

y Compounds comprised of two or more elements

y

Abbreviated by elemental symbols and compositioncalled formulas

y Molecules microscopic structure of compounds

y Comprised of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.May be same or different atoms (two or more atoms of

different elements or same element)


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Physical vs ChemicalPropertiesy Property elements and compounds can be described

on their physical attributes or chemical attributes.

These attributes are properties.y Physical property attribute based on the physical

characteristics of the compound.

y Chemical property attribute based on the reactions

of the compound.


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PhysicalProperty Temperature

Dependence

y Temperature changes affect physical properties

y Increase temperature changes state due to increased

movement of molecules/atoms.y Increased temperature increases volume due to

expansion due to increased movement ofmolecules/atoms


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PhysicalProperty - Densityy Density

y the relationship of mass to volume.

y The change in mass (measured in grams) per change involume (measured in ml)

y Density, g/ml = Mass, g / Volume, ml

y How does temperature affect density?

y

Think of ice and water in a pond.


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Extensive vs Intensive Propertiesy ExtensiveProperty depends on the amount of a

substance presenty

Massy Volume

y

Intrinsive property does not depend on theamount of substance presenty density

y State


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Physical vs ChemicalChangesy Physical change change that doesnt affect the

compounds identity or result in destruction of the

compounds.

y Chemical change a change that alters the identity ofthe compound.


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Homework problems due from

Chapter 2y Try the odd numbered problems from questions 1-10 at the

end of the chapter. The answers are at the end of the book.

If you have problems, open it up for discussion.y Homework problems at end of last chapter assigned from

syllabus.

y Homework Assessments in Blackboard

ch2.matter.timberlakedraft (1)

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