ch.22 populations and communities
DESCRIPTION
Ch.22 Populations and Communities. Ecosystem- All the living and nonliving things that interact in an area. Why would this be an ecosystem? What are some other ecosystems?. Section 1: Living Things and the Environment. Section 1: Living Things and the Environment. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ch.22 Populations and Communities
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Section 1: Living Things and the Environment
Ecosystem- All the living and nonliving things that interact in an area.
Why would thisbe an ecosystem?• What are someother ecosystems?
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Section 1: Living Things and the Environment
Habitat- a place where an organism lives and that provides the things that the organism needs. A needs of an organism: food, water, shelter,
and other things it needs to live, grow and reproduce from its surroundings.
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Abiotic vs. Biotic Factors
Biotic Factors- living parts of an ecosystem. Grass, fungi, animals, etc.
Abiotic Factors- the nonliving parts of an ecosystem Water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature, and soil.
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Abiotic Factors
1 Water- your body is about 65 percent water. Water is needed for chemical reactions, dissolving
substances, keeping cell shape and size, keeping body temperature constant.
Plants need water for photosynthesis.
2 Sunlight- energy needed from the sun for photosynthesis.3 Oxygen- most living things require oxygen (respiration). Atmosphere is 20 percent oxygen and 78 percent
nitrogen. Aquatic animals receive dissolved oxygen in water from
plants.
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Abiotic Factors
4 Temperature- the temperature of an area determines the types of organisms that can live there.
Plants and animals have adaptations to help them survive in different temperatures
5 Soil- mixture of rock fragments, nutrients, air, water, and the decaying remains of living things.
The type of soil influences the type of plants.
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Populations
Population- all the members of one species in a particular area.
Oak trees, ladybugs, prairie dogs.Why would trees in a forest not be a
population?
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Communities
Community- all the different populations that live together in an area.
Levels of organization in an ecosystem (smallest to largest): Organism Population Community Ecosystem
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Ecology
Ecology- the study of how living things interact with one another and with their environment.
Ecologists- are scientists who study ecology, look at how the biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem are related.
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Section 2: Studying Populations
Population Density- the number of individuals in a specific area.
The equation for figuring out population density is:
Population density= Number of individuals
Unit area Example: 50 butterflies
10 square meters
Equals five butterflies per square meter
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Determining Population Size
Direct observation- counting all the members. Indirect observation- may be too small or too
hard to find exact population number, so evidence is used (tracks, nests, or other signs) to estimate the population
Sampling- the population may be too large or spread out over a large area, so an estimate – or an approximation of a number, based on reasonable assumptions (count a small area and then multiply the number in a large area).
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Determining A Population Size
Mark-and-recapture- animals are first captured, marked, and released, then another group of animals is captured. The marked animals determine the population size.
Hunters: what are some signs that you look for to determine how many bucks are in an area?
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Changes in Population Size
Populations change in size when new members enter the population or when members leave the population.
Birth rate- the number of births in a certain amount of time
Death rate- the number of deaths in a certain amount of time.
If birth rate > death rate, population size increasesIf death rate > birth rate, population size decreases
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Changes in Population Size
Immigration- moving in to a populationEmigration- moving out of a population.Refer to page 698 graph.
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Limiting Factors
Limiting factor- an environmental factor that prevents a population from increasing. Food, space, and weather conditions. Through human activity, how are we a limiting
factor?Carrying capacity- the largest population that
an environment can support.How does the predator/prey relationship
affecting carrying capacity?
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