Ch 9, Section 1The Origins of Progressivism

1. By the early 1900s, many reformers wanted to address what?

• The social and economic problems that led to the social upheavals of the late 1800s

2. The broad-based reform efforts of the late 1800s and early 1900s is known as what?• Progressivism

3. What were four general goals of the Progressive Movement?• Protecting Social Welfare• Promoting Moral Improvement• Creating Economic Reform• Fostering Efficiency

4. The late 1800s movement that sought to help the poor through the Social Gospel, Settlement House Movement, community centers, churches, and other social services continued into what?• The Progressive Era5. What were two Christian organizations that were a part of this effort mentioned above?• YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association)• The Salvation Army

6. What did the 1893 Illinois Factory Act do?• Prohibited Child Labor and limited women’s

working hours in Illinois businesses

7. The “Moral Improvement” aspect of Social Reformers wanted to improve what?• Personal behavior, particularly among

immigrants and the urban poor

8. What did the Prohibitionists want to do?• Ban alcoholic beverages by law

9. What Prohibitionist organization was founded in Cleveland, Ohio in 1874?• Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

10. What were some of the activities of the very dedicated Prohibitionists?• Crashing saloons with singing, praying, and

shaming the drinkers

11. By 1911, about how many members did the WCTU have?• 245,000

12. In addition to seeking to abolish legalized drinking, what else did the WCTU push for?• Women’s Suffrage

13. What is suffrage?• The right to vote

14. From the founding of the USA up through the early 1900s, were most women allowed to vote?• No

15. The Anti-Saloon League was formed when?• 1895

16. What group did Prohibitionists often come into conflict with?• Immigrants, particularly Catholics, Jews, and

Eastern Orthodox who did not share the Evangelical Protestant religious opposition to drinking

17. Saloons were an important social institution in what kind of communities?• Immigrant neighborhoods, towns, etc

18. The Panic of 1893 prompted some Americans to question what?• The way in which American capitalism

operated

19. Who helped organize the American Socialist Party in 1901?• Eugene V. Debs, a future Presidential candidate in 1912

20. What was one of the political criticisms of Big Business in America?• It received favorable treatment from government

officials • It would use its weight to limit competition

21. Who were the Muckrakers?• Authors who wrote about corrupt and unsafe

business practices by large corporations

22. In History of the Standard Oil Company by Ida M. Tarbell, she chronicles what?• The ways in which John D. Rockefeller’s

company eliminated competitors

23. What did Upton Sinclair describe in his 1906 novel, The Jungle?• It was a novel about immigrant life, but he

exposed the dangerous and unhealthy practices of meatpacking companies

• The Jungle helped lead to later reforms

24. Many Progressives put a great deal of their faith in what?• Experts and Scientists

25. Frederick W. Taylor used what, in order to study and improve worker efficiency?• Time-motion studies in which a manager would

analyze the ways in which physical work was done, and offer changes to promote efficiency

26. Taylorism became synonymous with what?• Scientific Management

27. Assembly line production in factories, to a degree, turned human workers into what?• Machines themselves

28. Automobile maker, Henry Ford, in order to promote workplace happiness, instituted what in his car factories?• Eight hour workdays• A $5 workday

29. In addition to efforts to make business more efficient, Progressives also wanted to make what else more efficient?• Government