Ch 2Southern Colonization

England Roanoke Island, 1585 Roanoke, 1587 Why go? Joint-stock company Jamestown, 1607 John Smith Starving time, 1609-1610 John Rolfe\Tobacco Headright system

Indentured servant House of Burgesses Maryland Carolina Georgia Other info

England England began to

compete for land in the new world

Main competitors? Queen Elizabeth Must begin to

colonize to compete

Roanoke, 1585 The English began to seek

settlements in the New World of America and began with Roanoke in 1585

First attempt at English colonization

Off of the coast of Virginia (named after the Queen)

Led by Ralph Lane they arrived too late in the season for growing and created conflicts with the Roanoke Indians (killing their chief)

Colonists found starving and taken back home by Sir Francis Drake in 1586

Roanoke Island Settlement1587

Led by John White (friend of Sir Walter Raleigh)

117 colonists – White’s daughter included– Manteo returned

Each settler would receive 500 acres of land & some view in the government of the colony.

White sailed back to get more supplies (delayed 3 years by war)

In 1590 White returned and found the colony had disappeared: Lost Colony

White had to leave before a search could be started (hurricane)

Colonization increased after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588

Dare Stone•Virginia Dare (first English child born in America)•Stone found in Edenton near Chowan River•Indian attack; moved inland•Fake?

Anaias Dare & Virginia Dare went hence into heaven 1591Any Englishmen, show John White, Governor of Virginia.

                                                                                                                        Dare Stone

Father, soon after you went to England, we came here / Only misery & a war torn year / About half are dead for two years or more from sickness, we are four & twenty / Savage with a message of a ship was brought to us / In a small space of time they became afraid of revenge (by British) and all ran away / We believe it was not you / Soon after the savages, fearing angry spirits / Suddenly murdered all, save seven / My child, Ananias too, were slain with much misery / Buried all four miles east of this river on a small hill / Names are written there on a rock / Put this there also / Savage show this unto you & hither we promise you will give great and plenty presents Elenor White Dare

Many lost land through enclosementSurplus populationPrimogenitureUnemploymentReligious freedom

Why would people be willing to go to a new, hostile land?

Joint-stock companies

Finance colonization to the New World; buying stock

Used by the English

Many went to look for gold, passages to India, etc.

Not for long term colonization The Virginia Company was given a

charter by the Queen that gave them rights as Englishmen even that far away

Jamestown-1607

Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in America; founded by the Virginia Company

They faced many problems:– disease, famine,

leadership problems John Smith took control of the

colony and said if you don’t work, you don’t eat

Required four hours of work in the farms daily

Many who came to America were not used to the hardships they faced

Told that if they didn’t make a profit, they would lose financial support

Many came looking for gold; not looking for food

Starving Time Time of famine during the

winter of 1609 Smith had left the colony due

to a gunpowder accident and new supplies (and colonists) sank off the coast of Bermuda

Two desperate colonists were tied to posts and left to starve as punishment for raiding the colonies' stores. One colonist even took to cannibalism, eating his own wife.

More supplies eventually followed and a new crop helped make the colony productive

Driven by desperate famine, a colonist in the Starving Time killed and ate his pregnant wife.

He was then seized, hanged by his thumbs until he confessed, and burned alive.

Confession was coaxed by means of hanging him by his thumbs and applying weights to his feet.

Likely part of purification or martial rites, cannibalism was practiced by some Indian tribes, here in Theodore de Bry's 1592 scene.

Saving the colony….. John Rolfe saved the

colony of Jamestown by getting help from the Indians to grow tobacco

It was exported the England in large quantities

The crop saved the colony Colonists began to expand

further inland He later married Pocahontas Daughter of Powhatan Not John Smith…thanks

Disney

Coming to America Tobacco was labor intensive and labor was needed African slaves too costly now Indians? Headright system: pay your way to the New World and get free land

(50 acres) You got even more land if you brought extra people with you Indentured Servant: someone pays your way and you work for them

for a set time Typically 3-7 years There were laws that protected some of their rights. An indentured servant's contract could be extended as punishment for

breaking a law, such as running away, or in the case of female servants, becoming pregnant.

Some had to leave after their time was up. Why?

Colonial Government

1619: Two major events– First black slaves were

introduced into the colonies (VA)– House of Burgesses

representative colonial assembly– Similar to Parliament in England– Colonial assembly elected by the

people– The charter of Virginia was later

revoked (1624) and Virginia became a royal colony headed by a royal governor

To vote: 21, white, male, land owner

Maryland Established as a

proprietary colony Land given by the king to

Lord Baltimore Established as a refuge

for Catholics fleeing England

Tobacco Act of Toleration, 1649 Religious toleration to

those who believed in the divinity of Jesus (no Jews or atheists)

Led to diverse population

Carolina-1670 Charles II 8 Lord Proprietors Rice became an important crop;

esp. SC Brunswick county had some rice

production Naval stores (pitch, tar) Led in more slaves Charles Town North Carolina not as aristocratic

like Virginia and SC 1719 NC became it’s own colony Both were royal colonies What is the oldest town in NC?

Orton Plantation

Georgia Georgia was est. 1733 as a

debtor colony Debtors were those who

couldn’t pay their debts or taxes

It was better than an English jail

No slavery Among founders: James

Oglethorpe Also used as a buffer

between Spanish and American colonies

More info

Southern colonies develop quickly due to cash crops

Slavery began to provide cheap labor Large amounts of land was being held

by the few and an aristocratic class emerged (not NC and Ga.)

Scattered towns made establishing churches and schools difficult

C ou n ty sys temd eve lop ed

A g ricu ltu re an dp lan ta tion s

are b as is o f econ om y

L itt le re lig iou sin flu en ce

S ou th ernC o lon ies