Ch. 2-4: Looking Inside CellsKey Concepts: Identify the role of the cell wall and the cell membrane in

the cell, describe the functions of cell organelles, explain how cells are organized in many-celled organisms.

Discover Activity: How Large are Cells? 1. Multiply your height in meters by 1,000 to get your height in millimeters. (1

meter = about 3 feet).

1. How many amoebas would you have to stack end-to-end to equal your height?

2. Many of the cells in your body are about 0.01 mm long—one hundredth of the size of an amoeba. How many body cells would you have to stack end-to-end to equal your height?

3. Why can’t you see your body’s cells without the aid of a microscope?

Enter the CellCell structures that carry out specific

functions within the cell

Rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cell of plants and some

other organisms. Helps: protect and support the cell

Controls what substances come into and out of a cell.

Organelles

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Sail On to the NucleusNucleus: the cell’s control center, directs all of the cell’s activities

•Protects the nucleus •Materials pass in and out of the

nucleus through its pores•Contains genetic material:

instructions for directing the cell’s functions

•Where ribosomes are made: organelle where proteins are produced

Nuclear Envelope

Chromatin

Nucleolus

Draw and label the nucleus and its structures

Drawing should include: nuclear envelope, nucleolus, pores, and chromatin.

Organelles of the CytoplasmCytoplasm: region between the cell membrane and the nucleus

•Known as the “powerhouses” of the cell•Converts energy in food molecules to energy the

cell can use•Passageways that carry

proteins and other materials throughout the

cell

•Small grainlike bodies•Factories to produce

proteins

Mitochondria

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Organelles of the Cytoplasm (Continued)

•Cell’s Mail Room•Receives proteins and other

materials from the endoplasmic reticulum•Packages and distributes them to other parts of cell

•Capture energy from sunlight and use it to

produce food•Makes leaves green

Golgi Bodies

Chloroplasts

Organelles of the Cytoplasm (Continued)

•Water-filled sac•Storage area of cells

•Stores food and other materials needed by cell

•Small, round structures •Contains chemicals that break down

materials in the cell

Vacuoles

Lysosomes

Specialized CellsPlants and animals contain many cells. In many-celled organisms

cells are specialized to perform specific functions

•Group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

•e.g. Nerve tissue

•Group of different tissues working together

•e.g. Your brain

•Group of different organs working together to perform a major function

•e.g. Your nervous system

Tissues

Organs

Organ Systems

Lab Zone: Skills ActivityFollow procedures 1-5 from Lab Zone Skills Activity p. 66. 2. Draw what you see: 3. Draw what you see:

Lab Questions:1. How are plant and animal cells alike?

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2. How are plant and animal cells different?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3-D Model of a CellMake your own model of a cell. You can either follow the directions listed on page 62 for a jello cell or come up with your own creative way to create a 3D model of either an animal or a plant cell.

1.Create a 3D model of a cell inside of your 3D model use different materials that resemble the structures found in the cell you are modeling

• Structures for animal cells: nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, cell membrane, vacuole, lysosomes, mitochondria, cytoplasm, ribosomes

• Structures for plant cells: nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, Golgi body, mitochondrion, cell membrane, vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall, endoplasmic reticulum

2.On a sheet of paper, create a key that identifies each cell structure in your model. Describe the function of each structure.