Cell OrganellesCell Organelles

The different structures of the cell

The different structures of the cell

Cell Wall: a rigid coveringCell Wall: a rigid covering

Rigid outer layer found in plant and bacteria cells.

Provides protection from physical injury

Provides skeletal support. Contains openings that

make it totally permeable.

Rigid outer layer found in plant and bacteria cells.

Provides protection from physical injury

Provides skeletal support. Contains openings that

make it totally permeable.

Plasma Membrane: the fluid gatePlasma Membrane: the fluid gate Composed of protein

of lipid (fat) molecules.

Acts as a boundary to contain cytoplasm

Selectively permeable membrane to select chemicals that can pass in and out of cells.

Composed of protein of lipid (fat) molecules.

Acts as a boundary to contain cytoplasm

Selectively permeable membrane to select chemicals that can pass in and out of cells.

Cytoplasm: the medium for movementCytoplasm: the medium for movement

Jelly-like material that fills cells.

Made mostly of water. Serves as a “molecular

soup” in which organelles are suspended in.

The medium for transport.

Jelly-like material that fills cells.

Made mostly of water. Serves as a “molecular

soup” in which organelles are suspended in.

The medium for transport.

Cytoskeleton: the scaffoldingCytoskeleton: the scaffolding

Microtubules and microfilaments provide structure and support for the cell.

Microtubules and microfilaments provide structure and support for the cell.

Nucleus: the command centerNucleus: the command center

Consists of nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, and nucleoplasm

Long thin strands of chromatin (DNA) contains instructions for cell metabolism and heredity.

Nuclear membrane has pores for movement of materials in and out of nucleus.

Consists of nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, and nucleoplasm

Long thin strands of chromatin (DNA) contains instructions for cell metabolism and heredity.

Nuclear membrane has pores for movement of materials in and out of nucleus.

Endoplasmic ReticulumSmooth & Rough

Endoplasmic ReticulumSmooth & Rough

Large workspace for the cell. “Rough” appearance due to the

presence of ribosomes “Smooth” ER connected to

Rough ER. Smooth ER has different

functions for different cells. Storage of enzymes, and the production and storage of lipids.

Large workspace for the cell. “Rough” appearance due to the

presence of ribosomes “Smooth” ER connected to

Rough ER. Smooth ER has different

functions for different cells. Storage of enzymes, and the production and storage of lipids.

Mitochondria: Power packsMitochondria: Power packs

Create ATP - the cell’s chemical energy.

Can number from 1 to 1000’s inside eukaryotic cells.

Folds in the Cristae increase the surface area for addition production of ATP’s

Matrix inside contains hundreds of enzymes.

Create ATP - the cell’s chemical energy.

Can number from 1 to 1000’s inside eukaryotic cells.

Folds in the Cristae increase the surface area for addition production of ATP’s

Matrix inside contains hundreds of enzymes.

Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus

Mainly devoted to processing the proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Modifies the proteins for distribution.

Mainly devoted to processing the proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Modifies the proteins for distribution.

Lysosomes: Cleaning upLysosomes: Cleaning up

Contain powerful enzymes which can be used to break down large food particles into smaller molecules or destroy damaged organelles.

Might digest healthy organelles to provide the cell with extra energy.

Contain powerful enzymes which can be used to break down large food particles into smaller molecules or destroy damaged organelles.

Might digest healthy organelles to provide the cell with extra energy.

Vacuoles:Storage and packaging

Vacuoles:Storage and packaging

Membrane-bound sacs found in cytoplasm. Same type of material as the plasma membrane.

Help in waste disposal, transport, storage, and growth.

Much larger in plant cells. They aid in giving the plant cell support when filled with water.

Also store important substances like salts, minerals, and nutrients.

Contractile vacuoles are specialized to pump water out of the cell.

Membrane-bound sacs found in cytoplasm. Same type of material as the plasma membrane.

Help in waste disposal, transport, storage, and growth.

Much larger in plant cells. They aid in giving the plant cell support when filled with water.

Also store important substances like salts, minerals, and nutrients.

Contractile vacuoles are specialized to pump water out of the cell.

Vesicles: transport carriesVesicles: transport carries

Small vacuoles Usually formed at

Golgi apparatus. Carry protein

molecules to other organelles or the plasma membrane.

Small vacuoles Usually formed at

Golgi apparatus. Carry protein

molecules to other organelles or the plasma membrane.

Ribosome: the protein workbenchRibosome: the protein workbench

Site of protein synthesis

Found on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Site of protein synthesis

Found on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Inside the cell animation. Click here.