Ch. 13-2 Discoveries and Inventions

*The Scientific Revolution

*Standards

*7.10.2 Understand the significance of the new scientific theories (e.g., those of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton) and the significance of new inventions (e.g., the telescope, microscope, thermometer, barometer).

*Main Ideas

*The discovery of the Americas led to scholars to doubt ancient Greek ideas

*Advances in astronomy were key events of the Scientific Revolution

*Sir Isaac Newton developed laws that explained much of the natural world

*New inventions helped scientists study the natural world

*The Big Idea

*During the Scientific Revolution, new ideas and inventions changed the nature of knowledge

*Key Terms

*Nicolaus Copernicus

*Tycho Brahe

*Johannes Kepler

*Galileo Galilei

*Sir Isaac Newton

*barometer

*I. Discovery Leads to Doubt

*Identify: Name two Greek rationalists that

European scholars studied during the

Renaissance.

*Aristotle

*Ptolemy

*Draw Conclusions: How did the discovery of the

Americas alter the views European scholars had of other Greek authorities?

*If Ptolemy’s long-held beliefs were wrong, other Greek thinkers might be, too.

*What event first caused Renaissance scholars

to doubt ancient Greek thought?

*Columbus’s discovery of the Americas

*Predict: Do you think Columbus changed his

mind about the accuracy of Ptolemy’s map? Why or

why not?

*No, because he didn’t realize that he hadn’t reached Asia

*How did exploration

contribute to the Scientific

Revolution?

*Exploration led scholars to challenge the thoughts of the ancient Greeks

*II. Advances in Astronomy

*Identify: Who was the first astronomer to say

that planets orbit the sun?

*Copernicus

*Why Nicolaus Copernicus not want to publish

his book?

*He was afraid of persecution or death at the hands of the church

*Contrast: How did the views of Copernicus and

Kepler differ on the movement of the planets?

*Copernicus thought that the planets’ orbits were circular

*Kepler proved that the orbits are elliptical

*Summarize: What did Tycho Brahe contribute

to the Scientific Revolution?

*He charted the positions of the stars

*He emphasized the importance of careful observations and detailed, accurate records

*Copernicus’s ideas were

revolutionary because...

*He theorized that the planets orbited the sun

*Identify: Who was Galileo Galilei?

*The first scientist to study the sky with a telescope

*Why is Galileo known as the father of

experimental science?

*He was the first person to routinely use experiments to test theories

*II. Sir Isaac Newton

*Recall: What were Newton’s

basic accomplishments

?

*He reviewed everything scientists had been learning, coupled it with his own observations and ideas, and identified four theories that explained how the physical world works

*How did Newton’s

work change the way people

thought about light?

*He showed that light is made up of all the colors of the rainbow

*Draw Conclusions:

How was Newton’s law

of gravity connected to

discoveries about the

planets’ orbits?

*Gravity attracts objects to each other and thus keeps the planets in motion around the sun

*Who created the law of gravity?

*Sir Isaac Newton

*Why were Newton’s laws

important to modern science?

*The laws explained how the physical world worked

*III. New Inventions

Draw Inferences: Why do you think Galileo built

his own telescope?

*So that he could improve it

* Identify: What were four important scientific

instruments created during the Scientific Revolution?

*Microscope

*Thermometer

*Telescope

*Barometer

*Rank: Which of the four instruments do you

think has had the biggest impact on

scientific research?

*Possible answer – the microscope or telescope because each allowed scientists to see into previously unseen worlds