CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry

CGIAR strategic objectivesCreate and accelerate sustainable increases in the productivity and production of healthy food by and for the poor Conserve, enhance and sustainably use natural resources and biodiversity to improve the livelihoods of the poor in response to climate change and other factorsPromote policy and institutional change that will stimulate agricultural growth and equity to benefit the poor especially rural women agricultural growth and equity to benefit the poor, especially rural women and other disadvantaged groups

The forests/trees/agroforestry/ / g ycontribution: CRP6

Deforestation – 13 million ha/year/y

Source: FAO Forest Resource Assessment (FRA) 2010

Net change in forest area 2005-2010 (in ha per year)

Tree cover on farmsTree cover on farms

Nearly half of agricultural land has more that Nearly half of agricultural land has more that 10% tree cover

Why are forests and trees important? Livelihoods

90% of the 1.4 billion people living in extreme poverty depend on forest resources for some part poverty depend on forest resources for some part of their livelihoods

Forest adjacent households derive approximately Forest-adjacent households derive approximately 24% of their income from forests on average

Bushmeat accounts for up to 80% of the protein Bushmeat accounts for up to 80% of the protein in take of people living in Central African forests

In rural Africa forests supply up to 80% of rural In rural Africa, forests supply up to 80% of rural energy needs

Forest industry is the largest formal sector Forest industry is the largest formal sector employer in many rural areas

Why are forests and trees important? Environmentimportant? Environment

Forests contain the preponderance of the Earth’s terrestrial biodiversity including wild Earth s terrestrial biodiversity, including wild relatives of important cropsForest systems provide environmental services important to the agriculture sector services important to the agriculture sector, including hydrological regulation and pollination, as well as fodder and soil fertility enhancementenhancementDeforestation and land use change contribute 12–18% of the world’s total annual carbon emissionsannual carbon emissionsForest systems provide an important source of resilience for adaptation to climate changechange

Consultative development process

7 February: Full draft proposal re‐

25 January: 18 partners provide comments 

7 February: Full draft proposal re‐submitted to Consortium Board

24 December: Consortium Board + 4 independent reviewersprovide comment on full draft 

19 January 2011: Revised draft sent to 100+ partners

27 August: 34 partners provide comments 

6 September: Full draft submitted to Consortium Boardp

5 July: 73 respondents agree to provide comment on full draft proposal 

14 July: Full draft proposal sent to 171 partners

27 May 2010: 20 page concept note sent to 328 partners 

CRP6 aspirationsCRP6 aspirations

Integration across scales, ecosystems, g ysectors, and disciplines• Trees on farms to undisturbed forests • Species-level genetic diversity to global

policy

Long-term, global comparative research • Potential “sentinel landscapes”• Potential “sentinel landscapes”

Impact-driven• Clear impact pathwaysClear impact pathways• Dynamic communication of knowledge • Strategic partnerships to change policy

and practiceand practice

Overall impact strategy

Illustrative impacts on forests

Research will target:Research will target:• 46% of global forest cover, • 1.3 billion hectares of closed forests and 500 illi h f d f t d f t

I t th ill l d t

• 500 million ha of open and fragmented forests

Impact pathways will lead to:0.5 to 1.7 million ha of avoided deforestation/year0 16 to 0 68 gigatons carbon dioxide emissions averted/year0.16 to 0.68 gigatons carbon dioxide emissions averted/year9.3 to 27.8 million ha with improved management practices

Illustrative impacts on peopleResearch will target:• approximately 500 million people living in or close to forests

Impact pathways will lead to:Enhanced production and management options for at least 3 million producers and traders and their familiesA doubling of incomes from forest and agroforestry products for target households through increases in tree, land, and labor productivityAn additional 60 million people benefiting from accelerated availability of funding for climate adaptation programs An increased supply of REDD+ credits worth between US$108 million and US$2695 million per year through increased efficiencymillion per year through increased efficiencySignificant improvements in access of women of benefits provided through forests, trees and agroforestry

Components

Smallholder production systems and markets

p

markets

Management and conservation of forest and tree resources

l d l dEnvironmental services and landscape management

Climate change adaptation and mitigation

Impacts of trade and investment on forests and people

Conceptual frameworkConceptual framework

Component 1 Smallholder production systems and markets

Researchthemes

Enhancing management and production systems for smallholders (food security and nutrition)Increasing income generation and market integration for smallholderssmallholdersImproving policy and institutions to enhance social assets to secure rights in forest- and tree-dependent communitiescommunities

Example of Component 1 researchExample of Component 1 research

ICRAF collaboration with Unilever SNV and IUCN on improvingICRAF collaboration with Unilever, SNV, and IUCN on improving propagation, survival, and growth rates supported smallholders to plant 100,000 improved Allanblackia seedlings.

M t d ti f f t d t

Research Understanding threats to important tree species and

Component 2 Management and conservation of forest and tree resources

themes Understanding threats to important tree species and formulating genetic conservation strategiesConserving and characterizing high-quality germplasm of important tree crops and their wild relativesDeveloping improved silvicultural, monitoring and management practices for multiple useDeveloping tools and methods to resolve conflicts over distribution of benefits and resource rightsdistribution of benefits and resource rights

Example of Component 2 researchp p

Improved timber harvesting practices could reduce 10% ofImproved timber harvesting practices could reduce 10% of total emissions linked to deforestation, and support multiple use of forests for NTFPs and biodiversity conservation.

E i t l i d l d Component 3 Environmental services and landscape

management

Researchthemes

Understanding drivers of forest transitionUnderstanding the consequences of forest transition for environmental services and livelihoodsLearning landscapes: dynamics of multi-functionality

Example of Component 3 researchExample of Component 3 research

Action research undertaken by CIFOR and ICRAF on co-management of forests between local communities andmanagement of forests between local communities and government in Guinea led to a decrease in the incidence of fire, improved wildlife habitat, and increases in local incomes.

Component 4 Climate change adaptation and mitigation

Researchthemes

Harnessing forests, trees and agroforestry for climate change mitigationEnhancing climate change adaptationUnderstanding synergies between climate change mitigation and adaptation

Example of Component 4 research

Joint CIFOR-CATIE research on tropical forests and climateforests and climate change adaptation in Honduras influenced the design of one of the firstdesign of one of the first projects ever approved by the UNFCCC’s Adaptation Fund BoardAdaptation Fund Board

Links between CRP6 and CRP 7Lessons from mitigation & forest: 

application to agricultureLessons from mitigation & forest: 

application to agricultureCRP6, Component 4CRP6, Component 4

Theme 1

CRP 7CRP 7Theme 3

Landscape approach to Landscape approach to 

MitigationPro‐poor 

CC mitigation

Agriculture as a driver of deforestation

Agriculture as a driver of deforestation

mitigation, including MRV, inst. arrangements, etcmitigation, including MRV, inst. arrangements, etc

Mitigation‐adaptation

Theme 3

Integration for d i i ki

Theme 4

Integrated approach to Integrated approach to 

Theme 2

adaptation synergies

Adaptation toTheme 1 and 2

decision makingadaptation and mitigation in landscapes and policiesadaptation and mitigation in landscapes and policies

Data, approaches, tools and Data, approaches, tools and 

Adaptation

Adaptation to progressive CC and through managing 

climate risk

methods for adaptationmethods for adaptation

Landscape and multi sectoralapproach to adaptation

Landscape and multi sectoralapproach to adaptationpp ppp p

Component 5 Impacts of trade and investment on forests and people

Researchthemes

Understanding the processes and impacts of forest-related trade and investment Enhancing responses and policy options to mitigate the negative impacts and enhance the positive impacts of trade and investment

Example of Component 5 research

h h l fResearch on the implications of biofuel expansion on forests and forest communities

Example of Component 5 researchp p

R h I d i ’ l d i d t h l d tResearch on Indonesia’s pulp and paper industry helped avert the loss of 135,000 hectares of natural tropical rainforest, valued at US$ 133 million in carbon emissions

Cross-cutting theme: GenderApproach:

Gender

Gender disaggregated data collection and analysisGender appropriate research methodsPartnerships with key organizations to build capacity & share knowledge

Example of research:Study on barriers to women’s participation in forest decision-making and benefit-in forest decision making and benefitsharing in Nicaragua and Uganda

Cross-cutting approach:Cross-cutting approach:Sentinel Landscapes

Follows key recommendation from the 2009 social science “stripe” review commissioned by the CGIAR Science yCouncilBuilds on the CGIAR’s comparative advantage to conduct long-term,

ti hcomparative researchGenerates data about the drivers and impacts of land use change, as well as approaches to threats and benefits for approaches to threats and benefits for environmental resilience and the poorIntegrates research and impact pathways to exploit potential synergies across all to exploit potential synergies across all CRP6 components

Communications and knowledge sharing

“Hurricane” model enabled by increased

i iconnectivity

Impact pathway example:climate changeclimate change

International, national and local t hipartnerships

Levels/Types Research Partners Policy and Practice Partners

Knowledge‐sharing PartnersPartners Partners

International CIRAD, IRD, CSIRO, Forest Landscape D k IUFRO

CPF, FAO, UNEP, World Bank, UN‐REDD, IPCC, FSC IUCN

BBC World Service Trust, Panos, UN‐REDD CPF IUCNDenmark, IUFRO, 

Norwegian University of Life Sciences

FSC, IUCN  REDD, CPF, IUCN

Regional CATIE Amazon AFF COMIFAC Asia RECOFTC STCPRegional CATIE, Amazon Initiative, ANAFE, FARA, SEANAFE; ASARECA, CORAF, SAARD, STCP, 

AFF, COMIFAC, Asia Forest Partnership, ECOWAS

RECOFTC, STCP, CATIE 

SA/AP/LAFORGEN, 

Country or local

NARS, local/national research organizations, FORDA

NARS, government, CBOs, NGOs, private 

t i

Local NGOs and networks, 

tFORDA sector companies  government

Management structureManagement structure

Budget needs (2011-2013)Budget needs (2011 2013)

Two scenarios:

“Business as usual +” $234 millionBusiness as usual + $234 million

“What it takes” $293 millionWhat it takes $293 million

Output-level planning and budgeting exercise targeted for p p g g g gcompletion in June along with CRP6 Medium Term Plan

MilestonesMilestones

CRP6 proposal review/approval by:• Consortium Board (March)• Independent Science and Partnership Council• Fund Council (April)• Fund Council (April)

Establishment of CRP6 infrastructure:• Steering Committee (February)g ( y)• Component Implementation Teams (March-April)• Management Support Unit (July)

Pl i d b d tiPlanning and budgeting:• CRP6 MTP (June)

Opportunities to capturepp pAdditional knowledge to be generated through long‐term, global comparative approachAdditional synergies to be gained by integrating across landscapes, scales, and disciplinesAdditi l i t t b hi d th h t t iAdditional impacts to be achieved through strategic partnerships

Challenges to addressAppropriate linkages to other CRPsMethods – integration of diverse approachesManagement inclusive and strategic decision makingManagement – inclusive and strategic decision‐making processes without excessive transaction costsMoney – capturing the opportunities and managing partner y p g pp g g pexpectations without significant additional funding commitments on the table 

http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/crp6/