Cells

Building blocks of

life!

Cell DiscoveryAnton van Leeuwenhoek

•Early 1600’s•Saw tiny organisms in pond water

Robert Hooke•1665•Saw tiny chambers in cork tissue•Termed the tiny chambers “cells”

Cell Theory• Three components:

1. All living things are composed of cells2. Cells are the basic units of structure and

function in living things.3. New cells are produced from existing

cells.

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

•Smaller, simpler•NO nucleus•Bacteria•Meet characteristics of life•Include cytoplasm, ribosomes, & genetic material

•All contain Nuclei•Most contain organelles•Unicellular or multicellular organisms•Animal, Fungi, Protist, & Plant Cells

Cell Organelles

Make a “T-Chart” in your notes

For the cell organelles, make a “T-chart” in your notes by drawing a line down the middle of your paper.

Title the RIGHT side “Cell Organelle Names” Title the LEFT side “Functions/jobs”

Animal Cell Organelles

Centrioles

Microfilaments

Mitochondria

Microtubules

Lysosomes

Golgi Apparatus(Golgi Body) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Plasma Membrane

Ribosomes

Rough EndoplasmicReticulum

Nuclear Membrane

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Plant Cell Organelles

Nuclear Envelope

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Mitochondria

Vacuole

Ribosomes

Microtubules

Golgi Apparatus

EndoplamicReticulum

Chloroplast

Plant Cell

-Protection and Boundary- “Skin” of the cell

Cell Membrane

Cell Wall

•Stronger layer outside of cell membrane•Support & Protect•Found in Plants, some Protists, Fungi & Prokaryotes•Not found in animals

Centriole

Cytoplasm

•Helps organize microtubules during cell division.

•Located between cell membrane & nuclear membrane•Fills space in cell

Cytoplasm & Centriole

•Nucleus-Control Center-Contains DNA-3 Components

•Nuclear Pore-Hole in Nuclear Membrane-Allows materials in and out of nucleus

•Nucleolus-Makes ribosomes-”inner nucleus”

-Surrounds Nucleus-Protection, Boundary from Cytoplasm

•Nuclear Membrane

•Chromatin-Genetic material made of DNA & proteins-coils up to be chromosomes-in nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Ribosomes•made of RNA & proteins•Assembled in nucleolus•Make proteins

•Internal membrane system•Assembles components (lipids) of the cell membrane (Smooth ER)•Modifies proteins (Rough ER)

•Golgi Apparatus

-Stores and moves productsmade in the ER (ie. Proteins)

•Stores enzymes to digests fats, carbs, & proteins•Breaks down old cell parts

Lysosome

•Primarily found in Plants•Sac-like structure•Stores water and products•Tiny vacuoles (called vesicles) are found in animal cells

Vacuole

-Contains Chlorophyll-Uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, & water to make food aka. photosynthesis

Chloroplast- site of photosynthesisFound in plants & some protists.

Mitochondria

•Converts food molecules into energy (the “powerhouse”)•does process of cellular respiration•Found in PLANTS & animals•Contain their own DNA (inherit from Mom).