cdma450 Core Network

Betsy KidwellChair, 3GPP2 TSG-XLucent Technologiesekidwell@lucent.com

CDMA450 Evolution Seminar

Hosted by 3GPP2, CDG, and IA450

Warsaw, Poland

15 June 2004

15 June 2004 2

Presentation Overview

• Network Evolution Drivers– End User Needs– Operator/Vendor Needs

• Network Evolution Goals– IP Core Network– Worldwide Roaming– Security

• 3GPP2 Progress– Harmonization Efforts– MMD– CDMA/GSM Roaming– Services

• Conclusion

15 June 2004 3

Network Evolution Drivers

• End User Needs– Voice Services

– High Speed Data

– Easy Operation

– Low Cost

– High Quality

– Bandwidth as appropriate

– Worldwide roaming

– Small/Multifunction device

15 June 2004 4

Network Evolution Drivers

• Operator/Vendor Needs– Low cost of operation

– Protection against theft of service

– Profitable business

– Worldwide access for their customers – via roaming or actual network

– Simple billing and collection

– More spectrum

15 June 2004 5

Network Evolution Goals

• IP Core Network– Voice and data services

• VoIP

• High speed data transfer

• Internet access

– Ease of service introduction

– Lower maintenance

– Standard protocols and services

– Cross-technology interoperability

15 June 2004 6

Network Evolution Goals

• Worldwide Roaming– CDMA/GSM circuit and packet roaming– IP cdma2000®1/UMTS roaming– Cross-technology roaming (wireless/WLAN)– Backwards compatible with legacy network (TIA-41, LMSD)

1 cdma2000® is the trademark for the technical nomenclature for certain specifications and standards of the Organizational Partners (OPs) of 3GPP2. Geographically (and as of the date of publication), cdma2000® is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association

(TIA‑USA) in the United States.”

15 June 2004 7

3GPP2 Progress

• Harmonization Efforts with 3GPP– Decided to harmonize IP Core Network in April 2002

– Core network now virtually identical

– X.S0013-0 v1.0 aligned with 3GPP Release 5

– X.S0013-A v1.0 will align with 3GPP Release 6

– Harmonization applies to services as well as core network• MMS

• Push to Talk

• Presence

• Etc.

15 June 2004 8

Harmonized Architecture

3GPP GPRSCore Network

3GPP2 Packet Data Network

IP MultimediaSubsystem

3GPP RAN 3GPP2 RAN

SGSN GGSN

P-CSCF S-CSCF

PDSN MIP HA

I-CSCF HSS

RNC Node-B BSC BTS

Core Network

Radio Access Network (RAN)

IP MultimediaDomain

P-CSCF S-CSCF

I-CSCF HSS

3GPP 3GPP2

15 June 2004 9

3GPP2 Progress

3GPP2Allows IPv4

Allows home P-CSCF address on MS (e.g. SIP URI, IP address) or use DHCP

Allows PDSN and P-CSCF to be located in different networks (e.g., PDSN in visited network, P-CSCF in home network)

Smart cards optional

Allows HTTP digest authentication

Other minor differences…

3GPPMandates IPv6

Special GPRS Procedure

Requires GGSN and P-CSCF to be in the same network

Smart cards required

• 3GPP2/3GPP Differences

15 June 2004 10

3GPP2 Progress

• Harmonization Efforts with IETF– Why

• Leveraging Internet products

• Easy to interwork with Internet services

• Flexible service creation

– How• Close coordination with IETF on ID/RFC development

– 3GPP2/IETF Liaison

– IETF Dependency List

– Members actively participate in IETF

• Use of SIP, DIAMETER, IPv4, IPv6

15 June 2004 11

3GPP2 Progress

• Harmonization Efforts with OMA– Proposal to transfer network independent aspects of MMS to

OMA• On hold pending OMA IPR issue resolution

• Coordinated with similar transfer proposal from 3GPP

– Ongoing coordination on• Presence

• Push to Talk

• IP based Location Services

15 June 2004 12

3GPP2 Progress

• MMD Functional Entities– Authentication, Authorization, Accounting (AAA) – extension of the HLR

to include user data for the IP Multimedia Subsystem• Access from the CSCF uses IETF protocols (DIAMETER)

– Call Session Control Function (CSCF) – provides call control functions• Proxy CSCF

– SIP proxy server for the mobile, acting on behalf of the UE within IMS– Forward messages between mobile and other SIP servers

• Serving CSCF– SIP registrar, with cooperation from AAA (location server)– Session control call state machine for the registered end-point– Interaction with service platforms for service control, provides service triggers

• Interrogating CSCF– Entry point from other networks– Allocate or determine the S-CSCF– May hide network topology

15 June 2004 13

3GPP2 Progress

MobileStation

IP Networks

P-CSCF

S-CSCF

I-CSCF

HSS/AAAApplication

Server

Gateway

RemoteStation

cdma2000Packet Data

Network

Remote AccessNetwork

PSTNRemoteStation

• MMD Architecture

15 June 2004 14

3GPP2 Progress

• MMD Protocol Stack

SIP RTP

MAC

HTTP

IP

PPP

RLP

MAC

Physical Layer

UDP/TCP

Applications

Phys. Layer

RLP

IP

LowerLayer

Protocols

PPP

SIP RTPHTTP

LowerLayer

Protocols

UDP/TCP

Applications

IP

IP Multimedia signaling and payload traffic

Mobile Station Cdma2000 RAN PDSN Far-End System

15 June 2004 15

3GPP2 Progress

• MMD High Level Call FlowBSC/PCF MSC PDSN AAA P-CSCFHAMobile

Traffic Channel

PPP setup and authentication

Mobile IP Registration

P-CSCF Discovery and MMD SIP Registration

MMD SIP Call Setup

MMD Media Bearer Setup

15 June 2004 16

3GPP2 Progress

• Release A Features– Harmonization across different access technologies (e.g.,

3GPP, WLAN)– Interworking between MMD and Internet– Interworking between MMD and PSTN– Presence– Instant Messaging– Conferencing – Group management– Interface between mobile and application server for service

data management

15 June 2004 17

3GPP2 Progress

• Evolution path to MMD– Legacy MS Domain Support provides a step by step evolution

path from existing circuit networks to All IP networks• LMSD Step 1 (X.S0012-0 v2.0) published March 2004

• LMSD Step 2 (X.P0025-0 v1.0) planned for publication 3Q04

• MMD Release A (X.P0013-A v1.0) provides support for circuit/packet handoff with LMSD

15 June 2004 18

3GPP2 Progress

• CDMA/GSM Roaming– Approved X.S0023, Network Interworking between GSM

MAP and TIA-41Networking, for publication in June 2004• One way and two way circuit based service roaming• SIM based operations

– X.P0003, TIA/EIA-41-D Network Enhancements to Support CDMA SIM Roaming to GSM, approved for V&V in June 2004

• TIA-41 specific enhancements for one way and two way roaming

– New project X.P0023-A, CDMA/GPRS Data Roaming, planned for publication 1Q05

• Enhances current roaming capabilities to include packet data as well as circuit service

15 June 2004 19

3GPP2 Services

• Presence– 3GPP/3GPP2/OMA focused on SIP/SIMPLE for Presence and

Instant Messaging

– SIP Subscribe/Notify and Message methods

– Watcher subscribes to presence events

– Work in progress• SIP Publish to declare presence information

• XCAP to manage user data

15 June 2004 20

3GPP2 Services

• Presence Architecture– CSCFs serve as watcher/presentity proxies

– Network may update presentity (via AAA interface or presence user agent)

– IM Server and applications connect to CSCF proxies

(non-IMS/MMD implementations currently in use:

Wireless Village

SMS transport of AOL/Yahoo IM

etc.)

15 June 2004 21

3GPP2 Services

• Push to Talk (PTT)– Several vendors have PTT solutions over cdma2000 1x

networks• ZTE (Gota)

• Huawei

• Kodiak (RTX)

• Winforia

• HP/Togabi (PocketCHAT)

• Qualcomm (QCHAT)

– Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC) being addressed in OMA• With 3GPP2 review and comment

15 June 2004 22

3GPP2 Services

• Broadcast/Multicast Service (BCMCS)– Supported for both 3G1X and HRPD systems– Efficient use of radio resources when transmitting to multiple

end users– Operator has control over:

• Which programs are delivered to which part(s) of the network• Billing of user/content provider• Encryption of IP flows• Service offerings

– Pay per view movies– Sporting events– Streaming data (e.g., stock values, traffic

15 June 2004 23

3GPP2 Services

• BCMCS (continued)– End user

• Needs a BCMCS capable device

• Subscription for/ad hoc access to BCMCS service

• Selects BCMCS programming (may be menu driven from device)

• Receives BCMCS programming

• Receives billing for BCMCS services

15 June 2004 24

3GPP2 Services

• Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)– X.S0016-0 v1.0 (parts 000, 200, 310, 311, 340, 370) published

May 2003

– Aligned with 3GPP Release 5 MMS

– Supports Stage 3’s using • OMA-WAP

• Inter-carrier Interworking

• VASP Interworking

15 June 2004 25

3GPP2 Services

• High Level MMS Architecture

Cellular Network

Cellular Network

Fixed Network

Internet

MMSE

Cellular Network

1 2

3

4

5 3rd Party Service Provider

15 June 2004 26

3GPP2 Services

• MMS Architectural Elements

MMS Relay

MMS User Agent

MMS Server

MMS User Agent

User Databases e.g. profiles,

subscription, HLR/ AAA

External Server

Wired EMail Client

Mobile Network

Mobile Network

MMSE

Mobile Network B

Roaming MMS User Agent

Message store

Internet / IP Network

MMS VAS

Applications

15 June 2004 27

Conclusion

• Benefits of 3GPP2 Specifications– Evolution path from circuit (TIA-41) networks to IP networks

– Standard service offerings

– Interoperability with other networks (e.g., GSM/UMTS, WLAN)

– Economy of scale with common platforms and protocols

– Support for inter-technology roaming (allows worldwide roaming)

15 June 2004 28

ACRONYMS

• 3GPP/2: 3rd Generation Partnership Project/2• AAA: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting• AKA: Authentication and Key Agreement• AMR: Adaptive Multi-Rate• AS: Application Server• BCMCS: Broadcast Multicast Service• BGCF: Breakout Gateway Control Function• BSC: Base Station Controller• BTS: Base Transceiver Subsystem• CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access• CS: Circuit Switched• CSCF: Call/Session Control Function• GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node • GSM: Global System Mobile• GSN: GPRS Support Node • GPRS: General Packet Radio Service• HSS: Home Subscriber Server• I-CSCF: Interrogating CSCF• IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem• IM: Instant Messaging • IP: Internet Protocol• MAP: Mobile Application Part• MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function• MGW: Media Gateway

• MMD: IP Multi-Media Domain• MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service• MRF: Multimedia Resource Function• MS: Mobile Station• MSC: Mobile Switching Center• OMA: Open Mobile Alliance• PCF: Packet Control Function• P-CSCF: Proxy CSCF• PDSN: Packet Data Serving Node• PoC: Push-to-Talk over Cellular• PS: Packet Switched• PTT: Push-to-Talk• QoS: Quality of Service• RAN: Radio Access Network• RLP: Radio Link Protocol• RTP: Real-time Transmission Protocol• S-CSCF: Serving CSCF• SDP: Session Description Protocol• SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node • SIP: Session Initiation Protocol • UE: User Equipment• UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications

System • WCDMA: Wideband CDMA

15 June 2004 29

Supplementary Slides

• WLAN• Security

15 June 2004 30

Wireless LAN Interworking Capability

• Four scenarios have been identified for the WLAN Interworking capability.– Scenario 1: Common Billing and Customer Care

– Scenario 2: 3GPP2 System Based Access Control

– Scenario 3: Access to 3GPP2 Packet Data Services via the WLAN System

– Scenario 4: Session Continuity

15 June 2004 31

Wireless LAN Interworking Capability

• Phase 1 Efforts in 3GPP2 will focus on Scenarios 1 and 2.

• WLAN Interworking Requirements Document S.P0087 is under review and comment

• Stage 2 and Stage 3 text (X.P0028)is under development in 3GPP2 TSG-X WG3.1 with a scheduled completion of 2Q04.

15 June 2004 32

Wireless LAN Interworking Reference Model

1

Internet

WLAN

Broker Netw ork(0 or more)

H-AAA

3GPP2Home Netw ork

2

Database

B-AAA

MS

2

W-AAA

3GPP2-WLAN Interworking Architecture for Scenario 2

15 June 2004 33

Wireless LAN Interworking Reference Model

• H-AAA: AAA in a home 3GPP2 Network. Authenticates and Authorizes the MS for access to the 3GPP2-WLAN interworking service.

• B-AAA: AAA in a broker network. An intermediate network between the WLAN and 3GPP2 home network. May be 0, 1 or more.

• W-AAA: The AAA in the WLAN, if available, interacts with the MS’s H-AAA server to authenticate and authorize the MS for WLAN access.

• Database - The database is in the MS’s 3GPP2 home network where authentication and subscriber service profile information is stored.

• WLAN: The Wireless Local Area Network supports 802.11 types of accesses. It may support 802.1x and/or 802.11i. The topology of the WLAN is outside the scope of a 3GPP2 specification.

15 June 2004 34

Wireless LAN Interworking Capability

• Work is currently focused on choosing an Authentication and Key bootstrapping method for Authentication of a mobile accessing a WLAN and authenticated by a 3GPP2 system.

• Several authentication methods using EAP are under consideration as well as several keying methods.

15 June 2004 35

Network Security

• Security– xxx

15 June 2004 36

Network Security

• MMD Security Architecture

MobileStation

BSC/PCF PDSN CSCFHome Agent

MIP MN-HA Authentication (Mobile IP)

CHAP (Simple IP) / MIP FAC (Mobile IP)

CAVE / AKA

IMS Security Association

AAA

AAA

IMSI

NAI

NAI

IMPU

Auth.Center

Far-EndTerminal

End-to-End Security Association (optional)