Which three statements accurately describe layer2 Ethernet swithc - microsegmentation decrease the number of collosion on the network - in properly function network with the redundant switch path, each switch segment will contain one root bridge

with all its port in forwarding state. All other switches in that broadcast domain will have only one root port - estabilishing VLAN increase the number of broadcast domain

What are two characteristics of "store and forward" switching? (Select two answer choices) ?- The switch receives the complete frame before beginning to forward it- Latency through the switch varies with frame length.

Some of the older TestKing switches store the entire frame before forwarding it to the destination. What are two effects on network performance of configuring a switch to do this? (Choose two)

Increased latency Filtering of all frame errors

Explanation Switches that store the entire frame before forwarding to the destination are using the store and forward process. This mode copies the entire frame into memory, computes the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) for errors, and then looks up the destination MAC address and forwards the frame. This is slow but offers the best solution for error correction without affecting the entire backbone in retransmission. This gives us the best method for filtering errors from traversing the network, but at a cost of higher latency

Why will Switch never learn the broadcast address? A broadcast address will never be the source address of a frame

The system LED is amber on a new TestKing Catalyst 2950 series switch. What does this light mean?- The system is malfunctioning.- POST failed and there is a problem that prevents the operating system of the switch from being

loaded.

While troubleshooting a connectivity problem, the TestKing network administrator notices that a port status LED on a Cisco Catalyst Series switch is alternating between green and amber. Which condition could this indicate?

The port is experiencing errors

Explanation :LED green – amber : link fault. Error frame can affect connectivity, and error such as excessive collision, CRC error, alignment error. And jabber error are monitored for link-fault indication

Both switches are using a default configuration. Which two destination addresses will host 4 use to send data to host 1? (Choose two.)

- the IP address of host 1

- the MAC address of the Fa0/1 interface of the R1 router

You need to perform some initial configuration tasks on a new TestKing switch. What is the purpose of assigning an IP address to a switch?

To allow remote management of the switch.

The network administrator normally establishes a Telnet session with the switch from host A. However, host A is unavailable. The administrator's attempt to telnet to the switch from host B fails, but pings to the other two hosts are successful. What is most likely the issue?

- The switch needs an appropriate default gateway assigned.

A TestKing technician has installed SwitchB and needs to configure it for remote access from the management workstation connected to SwitchA. Which set of commands is required to accomplish this task?SwitchB(config)# ip default-gateway 192.168.8.254SwitchB(config)# interface vlan 1SwitchB(config-if)# ip address 192.168.8.252 255.255.255.0 SwitchB(config-if)# no shutdown

An administrator would like to configure a switch over a virtual terminal connection from locations outside of the local LAN. Which of the following are required in order for the switch to be configured from a remote location? (Choose two)

- The switch must be reachable through a port connected to its management VLAN.- The switch must be configured with an IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.

A network administrator must configure 200 switch ports to accept traffic from only the currently attached host devices. What would be the most efficient way to configure MAC-level security on all these ports?

Use the switchport port-security MAC address sticky command on all the switch ports that have end devices connected to them.

A Catalyst 2950 named TKSWITCH2 needs to be reconfigured from scratch. What steps will ensure that the old configuration on TKSWITCH2 is erased? Select three.

- restart the switch- delete the VLAN database- erase the startup configuration

a switch configured as VTP server with the domain name of CCNA, which cisco IOS priveledge mode command followed by reload of the switch, will reset the VTP management domain name of the switch to a NULL value ? - #delete vlan.dat

Refer to the exhibit. After HostA pings HostB, which entry will be in the ARP cache of HostA to support this transmission?

the switches shown in the diagram, Core and Core2, are both Catalyst 2950s. The addressing scheme for each company site is as follows:Router Ethernet port - 1st usable address Core - 2nd usable address Core2 - 3rd usable address

For this network, which of the following commands must be configured on Core2 to allow it to be managed remotely from any subnet on the network? Core2(config)# interface vlan 1Core2(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.11 255.255.255.248Core2(config)# line vty 0 4Core2(config-line)# password ciscoCore2(config)# ip default-gateway 192.168.1.9

Refer to the exhibit. Host A is to send data to Host B. How will Router1 handle the data frame received from Host A? (Choose three.)

Router1 will strip off the source MAC address and replace it with the MAC address on the forwarding FastEthernet interface.

Router1 will strip off the destination MAC address and replace it with the MAC address of Host B.

Router1 will forward the data frame out interface FastEthernet0/2.

Refer to the exhibit. What will Router1 do when it receives the data frame shown? (Choose three.) Router1 will strip off the source MAC address and replace it

with the MAC address 0000.0c36.6965. Router1 will strip off the destination MAC address and replace

it with the MAC address 0000.0c07.4320. Router1 will forward the data packet out interface

FastEthernet0/2.

Refer to the exhibit. The switch in the graphic has a default configuration and the MAC table is fully populated. In addition, this network is operating properly. The graphic represents selected header information in a frame leaving host A. What can be concluded from this information?

All devices in this LAN except host A will pass the packet to Layer 3.

VLAN assumming the default configuration, which VLAN range can be added, modified and removed on cisco switch ? - 2 through 1001

A company is installing IP phones. The phones and office computers connect to the same device. To ensure maximum throughput for the phone data, the company needs to make sure that the phone traffic is on a different network from that of the office computer data traffic. What is the best network device to which to directly connect the phones and computers, and what technology should be implemented on this device? (Choose two.)- switch- VLAN

TestKing University has a small campus where 35 faculty members are located. The faculty offices and student computers are currently on the same network. The faculty is concerned about students being able to capture packets going across the network and obtain sensitive material. What could a network administrator do to protect faculty network traffic from student connections?

Put the faculty computers in a separate VLAN.

main Functions of a VLAN: The VLAN can group several broadcast domains into multiple logical subnets. You can accomplish network additions, moves, and changes by configuring a port into the

appropriate VLAN. You can place a group of users who need high security into a VLAN so that no users outside the VLAN

can communicate with them. As a logical grouping of users by function, VLANs can be considered independent from heir physical

or geographic locations. VLANs can enhance network security. VLANs increase the number of broadcast domains while decreasing their size.

Which three statements are typical characteristics of VLAN arrangements? (Choose three.) A switch maintains a separate bridging table for each VLAN. Each VLAN uses a separate address space. Connectivity between VLANs requires a Layer 3 device.

Which two statements describe the Cisco implementation of VLANs? (Choose two.)VLAN 1 is the default Ethernet VLAN.VLAN 1002 through 1005 are automatically created and cannot be deleted.

You are working as a network technician at TestKing University, when you get a call from the Engineering Faculty. They're complaining that they're receiving obsolete information from the Business Faculty's network traffic broadcasts. What can you do to contain the Business Faculty's broadcast while still keeping it connected to the internet and the enterprise services of the University? (Select all valid answer choices)

Create separate VLANs and subnets for the two departments and route between the two Place the business department on a separate subnet and route between networks

What are three valid reasons to assign ports to VLANs on a new TestKing LAN switch? (Choose three)- To isolate broadcast traffic- To logically group hosts according to function- To increase network security

A switch is configured with all ports assigned to vlan 2 with full duplex FastEthernet to segment existing departmental traffic. What is the effect of adding switch ports to a new VLAN on the switch?

An additional broadcast domain will be created.

Refer to the diagram. Which three statements describe the router port configuration and the switch port configuration as shown in the topology? (Choose three.)

The Router1 port connected to Switch1 is configured using subinterfaces.

The Switch1 port connected to Router1 is configured as a trunking port.

The Switch1 port connected to Host B is configured as an access port.

You need to perform some initial configuration tasks on a new TestKing switch. What are the possible trunking modes for this switch port? (Choose three)

- Auto - On - Desirable

Which are valid modes for a switch port used as a VLAN trunk? (Choose three.)- Auto - On - Desirable

A trunk port can be configured as one of the following 5 different modes: on, off, desirable, auto, or nonegotiate.The table below is a summary of the configuration modes.

Which statement is correct about the internetwork shown in the diagram?

- If Fa0/0 is down on Router1, HostA cannot access Server1.

Refer to the exhibit. The network manager is evaluating the efficiency of the current network design. RIPv2 is enabled on all Layer 3 devices in the network. What network devices participate in passing traffic from the PC at 10.10.1.7 to File Server at 10.20.1.6 in the older that they will forward traffic from source to destination?

- Switch1, Router1, Router2, Switch2

Which of following VLAN frame encapsulation types are configurable on a Cisco switch?

802.1Q ISL

Which two link protocols are used to carry multiple VLANs over a single link? (Choose two.)

802.1Q ISL

The TestKing network is utilizing the 802.1Q protocol in their LAN. Which two of these are characteristics of this protocol?

It is a trunking protocol capable of carrying untagged frames. It modifies the 802.3 frame header, and thus requires that the FCS be recomputed

Which three of these statements regarding 802.1Q trunking are correct? (Choose three)- 802.1Q trunks can use 10 Mb/s Ethernet interfaces.- 802.1Q trunks should have native VLANs that are the same at both ends.- 802.1Q native VLAN frames are untagged by default.

Explanation Switches can forward Layer 2 frame from Native VLANs on unmarked trunk ports. Receiver switches will transmit all unmarked packets to the Native VLAN. The native VLAN is the default VLAN configuration of a port. Note: for the 802.1Q trunk ports between two devices, the same Native VLAN configuration is required on both sides of the link. If the Native VLAN in 802.1Q trunk ports on same trunk link is properly configured, it could lead to layer 2 loops. The 802.1Q trunk link transmits VLAN information through Ethernet.

What is the function of the command switchport trunk native vlan 999 on a Cisco Catalyst switch?It designates VLAN 999 for untagged traffic.

Explanation:Native VLAN is the VLAN that you configure on the Catalyst interface before you configure the trunking on that interface. By default, all interfaces are in VLAN 1. Therefore, VLAN 1 is the native VLAN that you can change. On an 802.1Q trunk, all VLAN packets except the native VLAN are tagged. You must configure the native VLAN in the same way on each side of the trunk. Then, the router or switch can recognize to which VLAN a frame belongs when the router or switch receives a frame with no tag.

To configure the native VLAN use the following command. Cat2950(config-if)# switchport trunk

Refer to the exhibit. Switch port FastEthernet 0/24 on AlSwitch1 will be used to create an IEEE 802.1Q-complaint trunk to another switch. Based on the output shown, What is the reason the trunk does not form, even thought the proper cabling has been attached?

The port is currently configured for access mode.

Cisco Catalyst switches CAT1 and CAT2 have a connection between them using ports FA0/13. An 802. 1Q trunk is configured between the two switches. On CAT1, VLAN 10 is chosen as native, but on CAT2 the native VLAN is not specified.

What will happen in this scenario? A native VLAN mismatch error message will appear.

Explanation : You can bring up a trunk with different native VLANs on each end; however, Both switches will log error messages about the mismatch, and the potential exists that traffic will not pass correctly between the two native VLANs. It is therefore recommended that the native VLAN should be the same on both sides

Which three statemens must be used when you configure a router interface for VLAN trunking ?- subinterface encapsulation identifier that match VLAN tags- One IP network or subnetwork for each subinterface - One subinterface per VLAN

What are some of the characteristics of a typical VLAN arrangement, found throughout the TestKing switched LAN?

VLANs logically divide a switch into multiple, independent switches at Layer 2. Trunk links can carry traffic for multiple VLANs. A VLAN can span multiple switches.

Refer to the exhibit. What commands must be configured on the 2950 switch and the router to allow communication between host 1 and host 2? (Choose two.)

Router(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0Router(config-if)# no shut downRouter(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0.1Router(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 10Router(config-subif)# ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0Router(config-subif)# interface fastethernet 0/0.2Router(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 20Router(config-subif)# ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

Switch1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1Switch1(config-if)# switchport mode trunk

Refer to the topology and router output shown in the exhibit. A technician is troubleshooting host connectivity issues on the switches. The hosts in VLANs 10 and 15 on Sw11 are unable to communicate with hosts in the same VLANs on Sw12. Hosts in the Admin VLAN are able to communicate. The port-to-VLAN assignments are identical on the two switches. What could be the problem?

- The Link connecting the switches has not been configured as a trunk.

Which two statements are true about inter-VLAN routing in the topology that is shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)

- The FastEthernet 0/0 interface on Router1 must be configured with subinterfaces.

- The FastEthernet 0/0 interface on Router1 and Switch2 trunk ports must be configured using the same encapsulation type.

VLAN 3 is not yet configured on your switch. What happen if you set the switchport access vlan 3 command interface configuration mode ? This command accepted and the respective VLAN is added to vlan database

C-Router is to be as “Router-on-a Stick” to route between the VLAN. All the interface have been properly configured and IP Routing is operational. The host in the VLAN have been configured with the appropriate default gateway,What can be said about this configuration

- No further routing configuration is required

Explantion Since all the same router (C-Router) is the default gateway for all three VLANs, all traffic destined to different VLAN will be sent to C-Router. The C-Router will have knowledge of all three network since they will appear as directly connected in the routing table. Since the C-Router already know how to get all three network, no routing protocols need to be configured

Refer to the exhibit. The network shown in the diagram is experiencing connectivity problems. Which of the following will correct the problems? (Choose two.)

- Configure the gateway on Host B as 10.1.2.254.- Configure the IP address of Host B as 10.1.2.2.

Which IOS commands should you enter if you wanted to link the router TestKing1 with switch port 1? (Select three choices)Switch(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1Switch(config-if)# switchport mode trunkSwitch(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

Another sample

Router(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0Router(config-if)# no shutdownRouter(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0.1Router(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 10Router(config-subif)# ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0.2Router(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 20Router(config-subif)# ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

Switch1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1Switch1(config-if)# switchport mode trunk

STPWhich of the protocols below, operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model, and is used to maintain a loop-free network?

- STP

In a switched LAN network, what is the Spanning-Tree algorithm used for?- It is used to prevent switching loops in networks with redundant switched routes.

Which two protocols are used by bridges and/or switches to prevent loops in a layer 2 network? (Choose two.)

802.1d STP

Which two of the following values does STP take into consideration when it elects the root bridge? (Select two answer choices)- the bridge id - the bridge priority

What value is primarily used to determine which port becomes the root port on each nonroot switch in a spanning-tree topology?

- path cost

Explanation:To remove the possibility of bridging loops, STP makes a final computation to identify one Designated Port on each network segment. Suppose that two or more switches have ports connected to a single common network segment. If a frame appears on that segment, all the bridges attempt to forward it to its destination. Recall that this behavior was the basis of a bridging loop and should be avoided.

only one of the links on a segment should forward traffic to and from that segment-the one that is selected as the Designated Port. Switches choose a Designated Port based on the lowest cumulative Root Path Cost to the Root Bridge. For example, a switch always has an idea of its own Root Path Cost, which it announces in its own BPDUs. If a neighboring switch on a shared LAN segment sends a BPDU announcing a lower Root Path Cost, the neighbor must have the Designated Port. If a switch learns only of higher Root Path Costs from other BPDUs received on a port, however, it then correctly assumes that its own receiving port is the Designated Port for the segment. Notice that the entire STP determination process has served only to identify bridges and ports. All ports are still active, and bridging loops still might lurk in the network. STP has

a set of progressive states that each port must go through, regardless of the type or identification. These states actively prevent loops from forming and are described in the next section.Note:In each determination process discussed so far, two or more links might have identical Root Path Costs. This results in a tie condition, unless other factors are considered. All tie-breaking STP decisions are based on the following sequence of four conditions:1. Lowest Root Bridge ID2. Lowest Root Path Cost to Root Bridge3. Lowest Sender Bridge ID4. Lowest Sender Port ID

By default, which of the following factors determines the spanning-tree path cost? It is the sum of the costs based on bandwidth The STP cost is an accumulated total path cost based on the available bandwidth of each of the links

Which of the following are spanning tree port states? - learning - listening - forwarding - blocking

In which Spanning-Tree states does a switch port learn MAC addresses?- learning - Forwarding

Explanation : STP uses a couple of port states besides forwarding and blocking.

1. Listening - Listens to incoming Hello messages to ensure that there are no loops, but does not forward traffic. This is an interim state between blocking and forwarding.2. Learning - Still listens to BPDUs, plus learns MAC addresses from incoming frames. It does not forward traffic. This is an interim state between blocking and forwarding.3. Disabled - Administratively down.Blocking A blocked port won't forward frames; it just listens to BPDUs. All ports are in blocking state by default when the switch is powered up. The purpose of the blocking state is to prevent the use of looped paths.

Which term describe a spanning-tree network that has all switch port in either the blocking or forwarding state

- converge

What are the switch and bridge port characteristics of a layer two spanning-tree network that is fully converged?

All switch and bridge ports are in either the forwarding or blocking state.

Refer to the exhibit. A system administrator installed a new switch using a script to configure it. IP connectivity was tested using pings to SwitchB. Later attempts to access NewSwitch using Telnet from SwitchA failed. Which statement is true?

Use Telnet to connect to RouterA and then to NewSwitch to correct the error.

Study the exhibit shown above. A problem with network connectivity has been observed. It is suspected that the cable connected to switch port Fa0/9 on Switch TestKing1 is disconnected. What would be an effect of this cable being disconnected?

- For less than a minute, Host TestKingB would not be able to access the server in VLAN9. Then normal network function would resume

Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) is a Layer 2 protocol that utilizes a special-purpose algorithm to discover physical loops in a network and effect a logical loop-free topology. STP creates a loop-free tree structure consisting of leaves and branches that span the entire Layer 2 network. In addition, unless otherwise indicated, connections between switches are assumed to be trunks.

STP keeps the port either in block or in forward states, when forward port disconnect then within the less then a minute blocked port comes into forward state so packets starts to go through new forward port.

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) would identify the best path as well as alternate path to reach in proper destination. In a redundant link, if the primary link fails then the secondary links will automatically start after few minutes. If port Fa0/9 became disconnected, then the packets would be re-routed automatically using the TestkingA-Testking2-TestKing3 path

A network administrator needs to force a high-performance switch that is located in the MDF to become the root bridge for a redundant path switched network. What can be done to ensure that this switch assumes the role of the Root Bridge?

- Configure the switch so that it has a lower priority than other switches in the network.

ExplanationFor all switches in a network to agree on a loop-free topology, a common frame of reference must exist. This reference point is called the Root Bridge. The Root Bridge is chosen by an election process among all connected switches. Each switch has a unique Bridge ID (also known as the bridge priority) that it uses to identify itself to other switches. The Bridge ID is an 8-byte value. 2 bytes of the Bridge ID is used for a Bridge Priority field, which is the priority or weight of a switch in relation to all other switches. The other 6 bytes of the Bridge ID is used for the MAC Address field, which can come from the Supervisor module, the backplane,

or a pool of 1024 addresses that are assigned to every Supervisor or backplane depending on the switch model. This address is hard coded, unique, and cannot be changed.The election process begins with every switch sending out BPDUs with a Root Bridge ID equal to its own Bridge ID as well as a Sender Bridge ID. The latter is used to identify the source of the BPDU message. Received BPDU messages are analyzed for a lower Root Bridge ID value. If the BPDU message has a Root Bridge ID (priority) of the lower value than the switch's own Root Bridge ID, it replaces its own Root Bridge ID with the Root Bridge ID announced in the BPDU. If two Bridge Priority values are equal, then the lower MAC address takes preference.

The network shown in the exhibit was designed to provide reliability through redundancy. Both of the IDF switches, TK3, and TK4, are connected to both of the MDF switches, TK1 and TK2. Which configuration scenario will provide a loop-free switching environment?

- Spanning Tree Protocol should be running on all switches.

Explanation Spanning-Tree Protocol implements the 802.1D IEEE algorithm by exchanging BPDU messages with other switches to detect loops, and then removes the loop by shutting down selected bridge interfaces. This algorithm guarantees that there is one and only one active path between two network devices.

What is the purpose of the Spanning Tree Protocol that is operating in the exhibited switch topology?- To have one active Layer 2 path through the switches network.

When is a switched network that is running the Spanning Tree Protocol considered to be fully converged?- when every operating switch port is in either the blocking or forwarding state

Based on the output from the show spanning-tree command shown (fa0/17 Root FWD 19 , fa0/23 Altn BLK 19,) what can be determined about the switch configuration? (Choose two.)

- The 802.1d protocol is enabled on the switch- Port 17 is the root port and port 23 is the redundant link

How will Spanning Tree affect the operation of the network devices shown in the graphic?- Spanning Tree will learn which of the redundant links should be blocked.

Explanation :STP states are as follows:Disabled-Ports : that are administratively shut down by the network administrator, or by the system due to a fault condition, are in the Disabled state. This state is special and is not part of the normal STP progression for a port.

Blocking-After a port initializes, it begins in the Blocking state so that no bridging loops can form. In the Blocking state, a port cannot receive or transmit data and cannot add MAC addresses to its address table. Instead, a port is allowed to receive only BPDUs so that the switch can hear from other neighboring switches. In addition, ports that are put into standby mode to remove a bridging loop enter the Blocking state.

Listening-The port will be moved from Blocking to Listening if the switch thinks that the port can be selected as a Root Port or Designated Port. In other words, the port is on its way to begin forwarding traffic. In the Listening state, the port still cannot send or receive data frames. However, the port is allowed to receive and send BPDUs so that it can actively participate in the Spanning Tree topology process. Here, the

port is finally allowed to become a Root Port or Designated Port because the switch can advertise the port by sending BPDUs to other switches. Should the port lose its Root Port or Designated Port status, it returns to the Blocking state.Learning-After a period of time called the Forward Delay in the Listening state, the port is allowed to move into the Learning state. The port still sends and receives BPDUs as before. In addition, the switch can now learn new MAC addresses to add to its address table. This gives the port an extra period of silent participation and allows the switch to assemble at least some address table information.Forwarding-After another Forward Delay period of time in the Learning state, the port is allowed to move into the Forwarding state. The port can now send and receive data frames, collect MAC addresses in its address table, and send and receive BPDUs. The port is now a fully functioning switch port within the Spanning Tree topology.

The TestKing network administrator needs to a switch named TK1 to become the root bridge for a redundant path switched network. What can be done to ensure that TK1 will always assume the role as the root bridge?

Configure the switch so that it has lower priority than other switches in the network

Explanation:A Switch having the lowest bridge ID will become the root bridge. The bridge ID is how STP keeps track of all the switches in the network. It is determined by a combination of the bridge priority (32,768 by default on all Cisco switches) and the base MAC address. The bridge with the lowest bridge ID becomes the root bridge in the network. To elect the desired switch as a root bridge, set the bridge priority lowest than other switch.

All switches have the default STP configuration and all links are Fast Ethernet. Which port on which switch will Spanning Tree place in blocking mode?

Switch TK3 - Port Fa1/2

Explanation : Switch TK1 will become the ROOT BRIDGE because it has the lowest MAC address. Its both ports will become designated ports.

Next Election will be of ROOT PORTS. Port FA1/1 of both the switches TK2 and TK3 will become ROOT ports because they have minimum path cost to reach the root bridge.So, choices D and E are also wrong.

Next Election will be of Designated Ports on the segment connecting TK2 and TK3. TK2 has lower MAC address so, its port FA1/2 will become designated port and FA1/2 of TK3 will be placed in a BLOCKING state to avoid switching LOOPS.

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator wants Switch3 to be the root bridge. What could be done to ensure Switch3 will be the root?

Configure the BID on Switch3 to be lower than the BIDs of Switch1 and Switch2.

Refer to the topology shown in the exhibit. Which ports will be STP designated ports if all the links are operating at the same bandwidth? (Choose three.)

Switch A - Fa0/1Switch B - Fa0/0

Switch B - Fa0/1

Which of the following components must be elected before the Spanning Tree Protocol can converge in a switched LAN?

- designated port - root bridges- root ports

Why would the TestKing administrator change the value of the spanning-tree priority of a switch?- in order to optimize the path that frames take from source to destination

Assuming that default STP configurations are running on both switches, which port will be in blocking mode?Port Fa0/1 on TestKing1

Explanation : First find out which switch port will

become blocking mode through root-bridge election.Root-bridge election:Bridge ID = Bridge Priority + Bridge MAC addressThe default bridge priority is 32,768. In this case, you only need to compare two switch MAC addresses. The MAC address of TestKing2 is the smallest one. Therefore it will be the root-bridge of this switching network.As a non-root bridge, an interface of TestKing 1 will be blocked by STP. Compare the speed of the links that Fa0/1 and Fa0/2 connect, you'll find that the link that Fa0/1 connects needs much higher cost. Therefore Fa0/1 will be blocked.

Refer to the exhibit. What switch proves the spanning-tree designated port role for the network segment that services the printers?

- Switch 3

Refer to the exhibit. The output that is shown is generated at a switch. Which three of these statements are true? (Choose three.)

- The bridge priority is lower than the default value for spanning tree.- All designated ports are in a forwarding state.- The switch must be the root bridge for all VLANs on this switch.

TK1 is a switch in the TestKing network. Why will TK1 never learn the broadcast address?- A broadcast address will never be the source address of a frame

You want to influence the root bridge selection within the TestKing LAN. Which two values are used by spanning tree protocol to elect a root bridge? (Choose two.)

- Mac Address- Bridge Priority

Switch having lowest bridge ID will become the root bridge. The bridge ID is how STP keeps track of all the switches in the network. It is determined by a combination of the bridge priority (32,768 by default on all Cisco switches) and the base MAC address. The bridge with the lowest bridge ID becomes the root bridge in the network.

In which circumstance are multiple copies of the same unicast frame likely to be transmitted in the TestKing Switched LAN?

- in an improperly implemented redundant topology

explanation:A redundant topology eliminates single points of failure, but it also causes broadcast storms, multiple frame copies, and MAC address table instability problems. Multiple Frame Copies--when a new switch is added, the other switches may not have learned its correct MAC address. The host may send a unicast frame to the new switch. The frame is sent through several paths at the same time. The new switch will receive several copies of the frame. This causes MAC database instability. MAC database instability results when multiple copies of a frame arrive on different ports of a switch. Layer 2 has no mechanism to stop the loop. This is the main reason for the Spanning Tree Protocol(STP) IEEE 802.1d which was developed to prevent routing loops.

Iifmultiple connections between switches are created for redundancy purposes, network loops can occur in an improperly designed topology. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used to stop network loops while still permitting redundancy.

Refer to the exhibit. Given the output shown from this Cisco Catalyst 2950, what is the most likely reason that interface FastEthernet 0/10 is not the root port for VLAN 2?

This switch interface has a higher path cost to the root bridge than another in the topology.

VTPYou need to configure two TestKing switches to exchange VLAN information. Which protocol provides a method of sharing VLAN configuration information between these two switches?

- VTP

Explanation VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco proprietary Layer 2 messaging protocol that manages the addition, deletion, and renaming of VLANs on a network-wide basis. VTP reduces administration in a switched network. When you configure a new VLAN on one VTP server, the VLAN is distributed through all switches in the domain. This reduces the need to configure the same VLAN everywhere. To do this VTP carries VLAN information to all the switches in a VTP domain. VTP advertisements can be sent over ISL, 802.1q, IEEE 802.10 and LANE trunks. VTP traffic is sent over the management VLAN (VLAN1), so all VLAN trunks must be configured to pass VLAN1. VTP is available on most of the Cisco Catalyst Family products.

Here's a list of some features of VTP:

* Consistent VLAN configuration across all switches in the network* VLAN trunking over mixed networks, such as Ethernet to ATM LANE or even FDDI* Accurate tracking and monitoring of VLANs* Dynamic reporting of added VLANs to all switches in the VTP domain* Plug and Play VLAN adding

What are two benefits of using VTP in this network? (Choose two)- It allows VLAN information to be automatically propagated throughout the switching environment.- It maintains VLAN consistency across a switched network.

To configure the VLAN trunking protocol to communicate VLAN information between two switches, what two requirements must be met? (Choose two.)

The VTP management domain name of both switches must be set the same. One of the two switches must be configured as a VTP server.

TestKing has implemented the use of the Virtual Trunking Protocol (VTP). Which statement below accurately describes a benefit of doing this?

1. VTP will allow switches to share VLAN configuration information

Which statements describe two of the benefits of VLAN Trunking Protocol? (Choose two.) VTP simplifies switch administration by allowing switches to automatically share VLAN configuration

information. VTP helps to limit configuration errors by keeping VLAN naming consistent across the VTP domain.

What must the TestKing network administrator do in order to successfully configure VTP so that VLAN information can be propagated across the trunk between two switches named TK1 and TK2

- set the same VTP management domain name on both switches.- Configure one of the two switches as a VTP server

Explanation : All switches that need to share VLAN information via a trunk must use the same VTP domain name, and a switch can only be in one domain at a time. This means that a switch can only share VTP domain information with other switches if they're configured into the same VTP domain. You can use a VTP domain if you have more than one switch connected in a network, but if you've got all your switches in only one VLAN, you don't need to use VTP. VTP information is sent between switches via a trunk port. Switches advertise VTP management domain information, as well as a configuration revision number and all known VLANs with any specific parameters. There's also something called VTP transparent mode, in it, you can configure switches to forward VTP information through trunk ports, but not to accept information updates or update their VTP databases. At least one of the switches will need to be configured as the VTP server in order to pass the VLAN info.

The three VTP modes are described below:Server: This is the default for all Catalyst switches. You need at least one server in your VTP domain to propagate VLAN information throughout the domain. The switch must be in server mode to be able to create, add, or delete VLANs in a VTP domain. You must also change VTP information in server mode, and any change you make to a switch in server mode will be advertised to the entire VTP domain.

Client: In client mode, switches receive information from VTP servers; they also send and receive updates, but they can't make any changes. Plus, none of the ports on a client switch can be added to a new VLAN before the VTP server notifies the client switch of the new VLAN. Here's a hint: if you want a switch to become a server, first make it a client so that it receives all the correct VLAN information, then change it to a server-much easier!

Transparent: Switches in transparent mode don't participate in the VTP domain, but they'll still forward VTP advertisements through any configured trunk links. These switches can't add and delete VLANs because they keep their own database-one they do not share with other switches. Transparent mode is really only considered locally significant.

In our example, the switch is configured for transparent mode. In transparent mode the local VLAN information can be created but that VLAN information will not be advertised to the other switch.

What is the name of the VTP mode operation that enables a switch to forward only VTP advertisements while still permitting the editing of local VLAN information?

Transparent

Which VTP mode is capable of creating only local VLANs and does not synchronize with other switches in the VTP domain?

Transparent

A new switch is installed in the Testking network. This switch is to be configured so that VLAN information will be automatically distributed to all the other Cisco Catalyst switches in the network. Which of the conditions below have to be met in order for this to occur? (Choose all that apply).

- The switch that will share the VLAN information must be in the VTP Server mode.- The switches must be in the same VTP domain.- The switches must be configured to use the same type of ID tagging.- The switches must be connected over VLAN trunks.

What are two characteristics of a switch that is configured as a VTP client ?- the local VLAN configuration is updated only when an update has higher configuration revision

number received - when the VTP client mode are rebooted, they send VTP advertisement request to the VTP

server

how are VTP advertisement deliver to switches across the network ?

Refer to the exhibit. After SwitchB was added to the network, VLAN connectivity problems started to occur. What caused this problem?

The revision number of SwitchB was higher than the revision number of SwitchA

Refer to the exhibit. Which of these statements correctly describes the state of the switch once the boot process has been completed?

SwitchA does not have a VTP domain name configured.

Based on the information shown above, what will be the result of issuing the following commands:

Switch1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/5Switch1(config-if)# switchport mode accessSwitch1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 30

- The VLAN will be added to the database, but the VLAN information will not be passed on to the Switch2 VLAN database.

A network administrator is explaining VTP configuration to a new technician. What should the network administrator tell the new technician about VTP configuration? (Choose three.)

- A switch in the VTP client mode cannot update its local VLAN database.- A trunk link must be configured between the switches to forward VTP updates.- A switch in the VTP transparent mode will forward updates that it receives to other switches.

which statement best describes the operation of this switch?

The switch learns VLAN information but does not have save it to NVRAM

Explanation :In client mode, switches receive information from VTP servers, but they also send and receive updates, so in this way, they behave like VTP servers. The difference is that they can't create, change, or delete VLANs. Plus, none of the ports on a client switch can be added to a new VLAN before the VTP server notifies the client switch of the new VLAN. Also good to know is that VLAN information sent from a VTP server isn't stored in NVRAM, which is important because it means that if the switch is reset or reloaded, the VLAN information will be deleted. Here's a hint: If you want a switch to become a server, first make it a client so it receives all the correct VLAN information, then change it to a server mode.

What are two results of entering the TKSwitch(config)# vtp mode client command on a Catalyst switch The switch will forward VTP summary advertisements the switch will process VTP summary advertisements

Explanation:The 3 VTP Modes are:

1. Server: By default, a Catalyst switch is in the VTP server mode and in the "no management domain" state until the switch receives an advertisement for a domain over a trunk link or a VLAN management domain is configured. A switch that has been put in VTP server mode and had a domain name specified can create, modify, and delete VLANs. VTP servers can also specify other configuration parameters such as VTP version and VTP pruning for the entire VTP domain. VTP information is stored in NVRAM.

2. Client: The VTP client maintains a full list of all VLANs within the VTP domain, but it does not store the information in NVRAM. VTP clients behave the same way as VTP servers, but it is not possible to create, change, or delete VLANs on a VTP client. Any changes made must be received from a VTP server advertisement.

3. Transparent: VTP transparent switches do not participate in VTP. A VTP transparent switch does not advertise its VLAN configuration, and does not synchronize its VLAN configuration based on received advertisements. However, in VTP Version 2, transparent switches do forward VTP advertisements that the switches receive out their trunk ports. VLANs can be configured on a switch in the VTP transparent mode, but the information is local to the switch (VLAN information is not propagated to other switches) and is stored in NVRAM.

What are two results of entering the Switch(config)# vtp mode client command on a Catalyst switch? (Choose two.)

The switch will forward VTP summary advertisements. The switch will process VTP summary advertisements.

An administrator is unsuccessful in adding VLAN 50 to a switch. While troubleshooting the problem, the administrator views the output of the show vtp status command, which is displayed in the graphic. What commands must be issued on this switch to add VLAN 50 to the database? (Choose two.)- Switch(vlan)# vtp server- Switch(vlan)# vlan 50

Refer to the exhibit. An organization connect two locations, supporting two VLANs, through two switches as shown. Inter-VLANs communicated is not required. The network is working properly and there is fully connectivity. The organization needs to add additional VLANs, so it has been decided to implement VTP. Both switches are configured as VTP servers in the same VTP domain. VLANs added to Switch1 are not learned by Switch2. Based on this information and partial configuration is the exhibit, what is the problem?

The links between the switches are access links.

RSTPWhich two of these statements regarding RSTP are correct? (Choose two.)

RSTP defines new port roles. RSTP is compatible with the original IEEE 802.1D STP.

Which three statements about RSTP are true ? - RSTP expand the STP port roltes by adding the alternate and backup roles- RSTP significantly reduces topology reconverging time after a link failure- RSTP provide faster transition to the forwarding state on point-to-point than STP does

Switch ports operating in which two roles will forward traffic according to the IEEE 802.1w standard? (Choose two.)

Designated Root

Which two states are the port states when RSTP has converged- Forwarding- Blocking

What is the benefit of PVST+ ? - PVST+ allow the root switch location to be

optimized per vlan

Which command enables RSTP on a switch?

- spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst

Which statement is true?

SwitchA is not the root bridge, because not all of the interface roles are designated.

Each of these four switches has been configured with a hostname, as well as being configured to run RSTP. No other configuration changes have been made. Which three of these show the correct RSTP port roles for the indicated switches and interfaces? (Choose three.)

SwitchA, Fa0/2, designatedSwitchA, Fa0/1, rootSwitchD, Gi0/2, root

Explanation : Switch C will be Root bridge since it self have the lowes MAC-address, and all port connected to the root bridge will be the root port, in this case SwitchA, Fa0/1, root SwitchD, Gi0/2, root

Which Cisco Catalyst feature automatically disables the port in an operational PortFast upon receipt of a BPDU?

BPDU Guard

explanation

Which port state is introduced by Rapid-PVST? Discarding

Explanation:

Refer to the exhibit. At the end of an RSTP election process, which access layer switch port will assume the discarding role?Switch4, port fa0/11

explanation :in this topology at access layer we have switch 3 and switch 4. when RSTP election process perform switch 3 will be elected due to its have lower MAC address than Switch 4. so port Fa0/1 and Fa0/12 at switch port 3 will be the designated port. And to prevent loop one of the port at switch 4 must be in discarding role,to elect which port in discarding role the switch will compare to port number.

This task requires you to use the CLI of Sw-AC3 to answer five multiple-choice questions. This does not require any configuration. To answer the multiple-choice questions, click on the numbered boxes in the right panel.There are five multiple-choice questions with this task. Be sure to answer all five questions before leaving this item.

Question 1:What interface did Sw-AC3 associate with source MAC address 0010.5a0c.ffba ?

a. Fa0/1 b. Fa0/3 c. Fa0/6 d.Fa0/8 e.Fa0/9 f. Fa0/12

Answer : Fa0/8

Explanation:

To find out which interface associated with a given MAC address, use the show mac-address-table command. It shows the learned MAC addresses and their associated interfaces. After entering this command, you will see a MAC address table like this:

From this table we can figure out that the MAC address 0010.5a0c.ffba is associated with interface Fa0/8

Question 2:What ports on Sw-AC3 are operating has trunks (choose three)?

a. Fa0/1 b. Fa0/3 c. Fa0/4 d. Fa0/6 e. Fa0/9 f. Fa0/12

Answer: Fa0/3, Fa0/9 and Fa0/12

Explanation:

Use the show interface trunk command to determine the trunking status of a link and VLAN status. This command lists port, its mode, encapsulation and whether it is trunking. The image below shows how it works:

Question 3:What kind of router is VLAN-R1?

a. 1720 b. 1841 c. 2611 d. 2620

Answer : 2620

Explanation:

VLAN-R1 is the router directly connected to Sw-Ac3 switch, so we can use the show cdp neighbors command to see:

Question 4:Which switch is the root bridge for VLAN 1?

a. Sw-DS1 b. Sw-AC1 c. Sw-AC2 d. Sw-AC3

Answer : Sw-DS1

Explanation:

First we use the show spanning-tree vlan 1 to view the spanning-tree information of VLAN 1

From the "Cost 19", we learn that the root switch is directly connected to the Sw-Ac3 switch over a 100Mbps Ethernet link

Notice that if you see all of the interface roles are Desg (designated) then you can confirm Sw-Ac3 switch is the root

bridge for this VLAN (VLAN 1).

If you see there is at least one Root port in the interface roles then you can confirm Sw-Ac3 is not the root bridge because root bridge does not have root port. In this case, we notice that the root port on Sw-Ac3 switch is FastEthernet0/12, so we have to figure out which switch is associated with this port -> it is the root bridge.

You can verify it with the show cdp neighbors command:

The "Local Intrfce" column refers to the interface on the switch running "show cdp neighbors" command. In this case, Sw-DS1 is associated with interface FastEthernet0/12 -> Sw-DS1 is the root bridge

Question 5:What address should be configured as the default-gateway for the host connected to interface fa 0/4 of SW-Ac3?

a. 192.168.1.254 b. 192.168.22.254

c. 192.168.33.254 d. 192.168.44.254

Answer : 192.168.44.254

Explanation:

First we have to identify which VLAN interface Fa0/4 belongs to by the show vlan command

From the exhibit we know that VLAN 44 is configured on router using sub-interface Fa0/0.44 with IP address 192.168.44.254/24

Therefore the default gateway of the host should be 192.168.44.254.

Question 6:From which switch did Sw-Ac3 receive VLAN information?

a. Sw-DS1 b. Sw-AC1 c. Sw-AC2 d. Sw-AC3(locally)

Answer : Sw-AC2

Explanation:To view the VTP configuration information, use the show vtp status command

So we knew Sw-Ac3 received VLAN information from 163.5.8.3 (notice:the IP address may be different). Finally we use the show cdp neighbors detail to find out who 163.5.8.3 is:

Question 7:

Refer to the exibit, SwX was taken out of the production network for maintenance. It will be reconnected to the Fa 0/16 port of Sw-Ac3. What happens to the network when it is reconnected and a trunk exists between the two switches?

a. All VLANs except the default VLAN win be removed from all switches

b. All existing switches will have the students, admin, faculty, Servers, Management, Production, and no-where VLANsc. The VLANs Servers, Management, Production and no-where will replace the VLANs on SwXd. The VLANs Servers, Management, Production and no-where will be removed from existing switches

Answer and Explaination

First we should view the VTP configuration of switch Sw-Ac3 by using the show vtp status command on Sw-Ac3

Notice that its configuration revision number is 5 and VTP Domain Name is home-office

Next, from the exhibit we know that SwX has a revision number of 6, which is greater than that of

Sw-Ac3 switch, and both of them have same VTP Domain Name called "home-office".

Therefore SwX will replace vlan information on other switches with its own information. We should check vlan information of Sw-Ac3 switch with show vlan command

So the correct answer is D - The VLANs Servers, Management, Production and no-where will be removed from existing switches

Please notice that in the real CCNA exam you may see a different configuration revision of Sw-Ac3 or of SwX. In general, which switch has a higher revision number it will become the updater and other switches will overwrite their current databases with the new information received from

the updater (provided that they are on the same domain and that switch is not in transparent mode). Also, some recent comments have said that the new switch's VTP Operating Mode is Server but the answer is still the same.

Question 8:

Out of which ports will a frame be forwarded that has source mac-address 0010.5a0c.fd86 and destination mac-address 000a.8a47.e612? (Choose three)

a.Fa0/1 b. Fa0/3 c. Fa0/4 d. Fa0/6 e. Fa0/9 f. Fa0/12

Answer : Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/12

Explanation:

First we check to see which ports the source mac-address and the destination mac-address belong to by using show mac-address-table command

We notice that the source mac-address 0010.5a0c.fd86 is listed in the table and it belongs to Vlan 33 but we can't find the destination mac-address 000a.8a47.e612 in this table. In this case, the switch will flood to all ports of Vlan 33 and flood to all the trunk links, except the port it received this frame (port Fa0/6). Therefore from the output above, we can figure out it will flood this frame to Fa0/1, Fa0/3 and Fa0/12.

Please notice that the "show mac-address-table" command just lists information that was learned by the switch, it means that there can be other ports besides Fa0/1, Fa0/3 and Fa0/12 belong to Vlan 33. You can use the show vlan command to see which ports belong to vlan 33.

And we found other ports which belong to vlan 33, they are Fa0/2, Fa0/5 and Fa0/7. Our switch will flood the frame to these ports, too.

And we can check which trunk ports will receive this frame by the show interface trunk command

Port Fa0/9 will also receive this frame!

Switch Pass4sure1 to send data to host with MAC addres 00b0.d056.efa4. what will switch do with this data /

Pass4sure1 will flood the data out all of its port except the port from wich the data originated

Question 9:If one of the host connected to Sw-AC3 wants to send something for the ip 190.0.2.5 (or any ip that is not on the same subnet) what will be the destination MAC address?

a. 0009.e8b2.c28c b. 000a.b7e9.8360 c. 000c.ce8d.8720d. 0010.5a0c.fd86 e. 0010.5a0c.feae f. 0010.5a0c.ff9f

Answer : 000a.b7e9.8360

Explanation:

Because the destination address is not on the same subnet with the switch, it will forward the packet to its default gateway. So we have to find out who is the default gateway of this switch by using the show running-config command.

From the output, we notice that its default-gateway is 192.168.1.254. In fact, we can easily guess that its default gateway should be a layer 3 device like a router; and in this case, the VLAN-R1 router. To verify our theory, use the show cdp neighbor detail command and focus on the description of VLAN-R1 router

From this output, we can confirm the switch's default gateway is VLAN-R1 router (with the IP address of 192.168.1.254). And "the interface: FastEthernet0/3" tells us that the switch is connected to VLAN-R1 router through Fa0/3 port (Fa0/3 is the port on the switch).

Finally we just need to use the show mac-address-table command to find out which MAC address is associated with this interface.And we find out the corresponding MAC address is 000a.b7e9.8360. Although there are some entries of port Fa0/3 with different Vlans but they have the same MAC address.