cat5 to 10gig convergence makes cabling an asset

Convergence: Is Your Network Ready?

The Growing Value of Cabling Systems

AMP NETCONNECT / page 2 /

Trivia

• What is the significance of the following number?

• 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456

• (340 undecillion, 282 decillion, 366 nonillion, 920 octillion, 938

septillion, 463 sextillion, 463 quintillion, 374 quadrillion, 607 trillion,

431 billion, 768 million, 211 thousand and 456)


Trivia

• Equals 2128

• 128-bit address: 2128 or over 340 undecillion

– 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456

• Possible Number of IP Device Addresses (IPv6)

– IPv4, has (“only”) fewer than 4.3 billion unique IP addresses


Industry Trends

• IP Technology is Exploding

– Cheaper and smaller devices to create data

• Cameras (still and video), microphones, monitoring devices

– New IP devices

• TVs, NAS devices, RFID, building automation controls,

refrigerators

– Possible Number of IP Device Addresses (IPv6)

• 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456

–That’s 665,570,793,348,866,943,898,599 unique IP addresses

for every square meter on the planet


Industry Trends

• Data is Proliferating

– Recorded Images and Video

– Live Video and Audio

• Vlogs, YouTube, MySpace, Streaming

– Monitoring, Trending, RFID Data

• Memory is Cheaper

• File Sizes are Getting Larger

– More than doubled in three years*

• In May 2002, the average file size being shared on a P2P network

was 3.22 megabytes; In June 2005, it was 8.92 MB

– Pyramid Distribution of Files

*Source: www.Forbes.com “File Size On P2P Nets Explodes” by Lisa DiCarlo, 06.08.05


Industry Trends

• Digital Convergence

– VoIP

– IPTV (SDTV & HDTV)

• 100Mbps Internet connections

• Video-On-Demand (HD Movie Downloads)

• Digital Media Center (Windows Vista)

– Streaming video, music, photos, home automation

• FTTX: Fiber/triple-play deployment

– Verizon FIOS

• Fiber to the Apartment

– AT&T U-Verse


Industry Trends

• Broadband Coaxial Network Vs. Ethernet MPEG-2 Channel Capacity

– CATV: 5.2Gbps (256-QAM modulation);275 HDTV channels

– Ethernet: GigE: 50 HDTV channels; 10GigE: 500 HDTV Channels

• HD-DVD / Blu-Ray

– Storage capacity:

• HD-DVD: 15/30GB (sgl/dual layer)

• Blu-Ray: 25/50GB (sgl/dual layer)


Industry Trends

• More, Larger, Faster

• 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456

– 340 undecillion, 282 decillion, and change…

• Constant change and innovation brings

more devices requiring more capability


Network Trends

• Latency is Increasing

– Larger Files Take Longer to Move

• 80G iPod takes 13 minutes to

transfer at 100Mb/s

– Searching larger databases takes more time

– Cost of latency is increasing as file sizes increase

• A company with annual revenue of $10M and 100 employees

averages 10 minutes, per day, per employee of latency cost –

that’s $271,000 annually just in time spent waiting for file

movement

– Networks capable of greatest speeds have lower laten cy costs


Network Trends

• Data Consolidation from Convergence

– IP-based Data from Multiple Sources

– Convergence of Multiple Systems onto IP-based Platforms

• Data

• Voice - VoIP

• Building Automation Systems (HVAC, Lighting, etc.)

–Smart Buildings, IBS, etc.

–Energy Efficiency and Conservation

• Security and Monitoring

• RFID and Asset Tracking

– High Data Rate Cabling

– IP-capable Cabling – YOUR cabling!


Digital Video

PanasonicAxisAmerican DynamicsSony

DVR NVR

PanasonicIntellex

Physical Access System

Panasonic Iris ScanSmartcardsBiometricsProximity

CA eTrust IAMSUN JESEPC Gen 2 Passive RFID

Logical Identity & Access Management

ERPSAP

EscalateStoris

Facility Management IT Support Staff

Point SixHoneywellJohnson ControlsYamas

NetworkManagement

SNMPM/A-COM Passive RFIDAeroScout WiFi RFIDEPC Gen 2 Passive RFIDZinwave (remote Antenna)

ArubaCiscoAeroScout

Access Point

HIGH PERFORMANCE INFRASTRUCTURE

RFID

Axcess - Active RFIDM/A-COM - Passive RFIDSymbol - PassiveMatrix - ActiveEPC Gen 2 Passive RFIDZinwave - Remote AntennasSercoNet – Remote Antennas

Database Storage Solution

OracleIBM

MicrosoftSUN

Data Collection Engine


Industry Trends

• Why all this on IP cabling?

– Simple – because we can

– IP technology is the high speed

vehicle

– IP technology can still get faster

• Why 10 Gig?

– Which came first?

• Pentium Quad-Core processor?

• A use for a Pentium Quad-Core

processor?

• What does that mean for the cabling

industry?


Cabling Is An Asset

• Cabling Becomes an Expandable Asset

– Expandable utilization of existing infrastructure instead of overlaying

individual technologies

– Mechanism for Cost Reduction

• More effective use of bandwidth, servers and storage

• Not a line item for cost reduction

• Cabling Becomes a Vital Asset

AMP NETCONNECT CABLE


Convergence: What’s It Mean For You?

• The key to making yourself valuable is making the infrastructure

valuable

• The key to making the infrastructure valuable is to make the

infrastructure capable

NETCONNECT Enhanced Category 5 Cabling System

It’s Like Category 5…

Only Better!

THE ENHANCED “ISSUES”


Data Rate ≠ Bandwidth

• 100 MHz is NOT the same as 100 Mbps

• Bandwidth is:

– The frequency range across which components and systems are

specified

– Not based on a particular application or data rate

– Limited by useable ACR (not data rate)

– 1 MHz to 100 MHz per Cat 5e specifications


Data Rate ≠ Bandwidth

• Data Rate

– How fast you can pump data through a system with a given

bandwidth

– Dependent on the application and encoding scheme


Performance Characteristics

• Three configurations to measure

– Components

– Link

– Channel

• Important characteristics

– Near End Crosstalk (NEXT)

– Equal Level Far End Crosstalk (ELFEXT)

– Attenuation

– Return Loss

– Skew


Link and Channel Configurations

Link = Outlet to Patch Panel or Cross ConnectLink = Outlet to Patch Panel or Cross Connect

Channel = Network Interface Card to HubChannel = Network Interface Card to Hub

Performance Characteristics

• Key Performance Parameters

– Near End Crosstalk (NEXT)

– Attenuation

– Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio (ACR)

Pair 1

Pair 2

NIC HUB

XC

VR

XC

VR

NEXT, Attenuation and ACR

Transmitter

Receiver

TransmittedSignal

AttenuatedSignal

NIC HUB

ACRAttenuated Signal NEXT Noise

Coupled NEXT Noise

Transmitter

Receiver

June 1996 -

IEEE 802.3 begins work on Gigabit Ethernet

Questions raised about unspecified parameters of Category 5

Also need to standardize manufacturers’claims of performance in excess of Cat 5

The Move to Cat 5e

September 1997 -

TIA/EIA-568-A-1:Propagation delay and skew requirements added for Cat 5 cable.

Addendum 1

Effects of Skew

• Skew is the difference in propagation delay between the fastest and slowest pairs in a cable.

• Proposed requirement: <45 ns @ 100 MHz (Channel)

T2T1

HUB

Fastest

Pair 2

Pair 1

Pair 3

Pair 4

SlowestNIC

Two More Addenda Drafted

• SP-4194

– Proposed Addendum No. 4 to

568-A

– Additional Transmission

Performance Specifications for 4-

Pair 100 Ohm Category 5 Cabling

• SP-4195

– Proposed Addendum No. 5 to

568-A

– Additional Transmission

Performance Specifications for 4-

Pair 100 Ohm Enhanced Category

5 Cabling


Addendum vs. TSB

• The TIA changed its position on SP-4194

– Can’t place new specifications on existing components and

installations

– Information will be published as TSB 95

• Informational purposes

• Changes from “shall” to “probably”!

TSB95 - Additional Cat 5 Specifications

“The development of certain high-speed applications has brought to the attention of the TIA the need for additional transmission requirements such as return loss and far end crosstalk (FEXT). These parameters are needed by system designers for applications that utilize all four pairs in the cable for full duplex transmission.”

“Although these are new specifications, the existing worst-case, two-connector topologiescompliant with TIA/EIA-568-A are expected to meet these requirements. Other topologies are supported as long as they meet the ELFEXT and Return Loss requirements of this document.”

Two-connector Topologies?

Other Topologies. . .(i.e. with cross-connect and/or transition point)

Performance Specifications

• Additional Performance Parameters

– Power Sum NEXT

– Power Sum ELFEXT

– Return Loss

– Skew

Pair 1

Pair 2

Pair 3

Pair 4

1000Mbps

1000Mbps

NIC HUB

• EMI - Non-cancelable by DSP

1000BASE-T Noise Sources

• NEXT - Cancelable by DSP• Return Loss• FEXT - Non-Cancelable by DSP

NIC HUB

1000Mb/s

1000Mb/s

EMI

PS FEXTPS NEXT

250 Mb/s Full Duplex

Return Loss

SP-4195 - Enhanced Cat 5

“The development of certain high-speed applications has brought to the attention of the TIA the need for additional transmission requirements such as multi-disturber NEXT, return loss and multi-disturberfar end crosstalk (FEXT). These parameters are needed by system designers for applications that utilize all four pairs in the cable for simultaneous bi-directional transmission.”

“Addendum 5 for category 5e cabling provides higher performance over a minimally compliant category 5 channel and recognizes advances in cabling technology.”

Cat 5 Comparisons

Original Cat 5 Current Cat 5 Cat 5eAttenuation(components, link,channel)

Same Same

NEXT (components,link, channel)

Same Better

Skew (link, channel) Same

Return Loss (cable,link, channel)

Better

ELFEXT (cable, link,channel)

Better

PSELFEXT (link,channel)

Better

PSNEXT (cable, link,channel)FEXT (connector)


Cat 5 vs. Cat 5e

25.526

26.527

27.528

28.529

29.530

30.5

dB

Channel Performance

Cat 5 NEXT Cat 5e PS NEXT Cat 5e NEXT

Cat 5 vs. Cat 5e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 20 40 60 80 100

Frequency, MHz

dB

Attenuation Cat 5 NEXT Cat 5e NEXT Cat 5e PSNEXT

Cat 5 ACR Cat 5e ACR

What Do You NEED to Run 1000BASE-T?

IEEE 802.3ab

Physical layer specification for 1000 Mb/s operatio non four pairs of Category 5 or better balanced twisted

pair cable (1000BASE-T)

40.8 Link Segment Characteristics1000BASE-T uses a duplex transmission system. Four full duplex channels are required to transport data between two PMDs. Each duplex channel supports an effective data rate of 250 Mbps in each direction simultaneously. The term ‘link segment’ used in this clause refers to four duplex channels and the term ‘duplex channel’ will be used to refer a single channel with full duplex capability. Specifications for a link segment applies equally to each for the four duplex channels.

1000BASE-T is designed to operate over a 4-pair Cat egory 5 cabling system.

Designed to Operate Over Cat 5, BUT. . .

ANNEX 40A Additional Cabling Design Guidelines

Although the 1 Gb/s specification described in Clause 40 was designed to operate over 4-pair Category 5 cabling systems as specified in ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A and ISO/IEC 11801, there are additional steps that may be taken by network designers that will provide additional operating margins and ensure the objective BER of 10-10 is achieved.

•Power Sum NEXT•Defined but not spec’d higher than Cat 5

•Power Sum ELFEXT•Spec’d in TSB95 (Cat 5)

•Don’t use 25-pair•Don’t use crossconnect or transition point


Cat 5 and Cat 5e – Bottom Line

• Cat 5 will probably run Gigabit Ethernet.

– But maybe only with two connectors!

• Cat 5e provides the extra margin required to ensure 1000BASE-T

support with 4-connector channels.

– It’s been ratified as TIA/EIA-568-A-5.

• Cat 5 is not recommended in TIA/EIA-568-B.

– It’s been relegated to an annex.

• Cat 5e is the minimum recommendation for data cabling.

THE AMP NETCONNECT ENHANCED CATEGORY 5 SYSTEM


NETCONNECT Enhanced Cat 5Channel Performance

90 Meter Channel Performancewith Standard and Enhanced Cable Assemblies

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

De-em bedded NEXTat 100 MHz (dB)

Wor

st N

EX

T M

argi

n (d

B)

Standard

Enhanced

Using Enhanced Cable Using Enhanced Cable AssembliesAssemblies

THE ENHANCED “BENEFITS”


NETCONNECT Enhanced Cat 5ENHANCED BENEFITS

• “Future-proofing”

– Gigabit Ethernet will push standard Cat 5 to the limit. In order to

support 1000BASE-T and still have freedom to use more than two

connectors, Cat 5e is recommended.

• Cat 5e will be the recommended minimum performance category for

data in the next revision of TIA/EIA-568.

• Insurance against installation problems and ambient electrical noise

• More reliable operation of existing LANs up to 155 Mbps

AMP NETCONNECTAMP NETCONNECTCategory 6 SystemCategory 6 System

How Did We Get Here?

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

EIA/TIATSB36

TIA/EIATSB40EIA/TIA 568

Basic Cabling StructureComponent Specifications

Link/Channel SpecificationsAdditional Structure Options

TIA/EIA568-A

IEC 11801

TIA/EIATSB67

TIA/EIATSB75

PropDelay,Skew

TIA/EIATSB72

PatchCord

E DIN 44312-5

EnhancedAddendum

Additional Cat 5 Specs

ISO/IEC CAT 6 &7

Specs

“New” Performance Specifications

• Additional performance parameters for 4-pair systems

– Power Sum NEXT

– Power Sum ELFEXT

– Return Loss

– SkewPair 1

Pair 2

Pair 3

Pair 4

1000Mbps

1000Mbps

NIC HUB

Performance CharacteristicsNEXT: Pair-to-Pair vs. Power Sum

Pair-to-pair:Single disturberSingle receiver

Power sum:Multiple disturbersSingle receiver

• Power sum performance is the sum of the pair-to-pair

performance of the component or system.

• EMI - Non-cancelable by DSP

1000BASE-T Noise Sources

NIC HUB

1000Mb/s

1000Mb/s

EMI

PS FEXTPS NEXT

250 Mb/s Full Duplex

• NEXT - Cancelable by DSP• Return Loss- Cancelable by DSP• FEXT - Non-Cancelable by DSP

Return Loss

What About Category 6?

• Cat 6 was originally a German DIN standard addressing shielded

cabling systems with performance out to 600 MHz.

• Category 6/Class E was “re-proposed” by ISO/IEC 11801-A as

specifying positive channel performance to 250 MHz.

– Both the ISO and the TIA are now working on Cat 6 and its

frequency range has been extended to 250 MHz.

• The German DIN Cat 6 is now Cat 7/Class F, also under

development by the ISO.


Cat 5e vs. Cat 6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 50 100 150 200 250

Cat 5e Attn Cat 6 Attn Cat 5e NEXT Cat 6 NEXT

Cat 6 ACR

Cat 5e ACR

LAN Technologies• 622 Mbps ATM• Gigabit Ethernet

LAN Standards• ATM Forum• IEEE 802.3

Cabling Trends• Power Sum • Category 6

Cabling Standards• Enhanced Cat 5• Cat 6/Class E

Chicken and Egg – Which Came First?

• Performance Level: 250 MHz

• Applications:

– All existing UTP applications including 1000BASE-T

– Forms the basis on which the next generation of twisted pair

applications will be developed

• 25-Year System Warranty: Category 6

Why Install Category 6?

The AMP NETCONNECT Category 6 System

• Category 6 performance confirmed by independent testing

– Intertek Testing Services (ETL SEMKO)

• End-to-end system engineering ensures optimum performance

– Critical at 250 MHz Category 6 bandwidth

– Look at the system performance - not just cable

• Single vendor solution and warranty

– No shifting “partnerships”


The most important performance characteristics are those of the channel. The channel numbers represent the performance of the entire cabling system.

The Channel


Channel Performance

• In order to be Cat 6 compliant, the entire cabling system must meet all

of the requirements when configured in the worst-case configuration.

• The worst-case configuration allowed by the TIA is the 100-meter, 4-

connector channel.

• On March 5, 2001 Intertek Testing Services tested AMP

NETCONNECT plenum and non-plenum channels constructed from

production Category 6 products.

• The following slides show the absolute worst performance at each

frequency point from those tests.


AMP NETCONNECT ACR Performance

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 50 100 150 200 250

Frequency, MHz

dB

SpecAMP

Headroom

12.4 dB @ 250 MHz!


AMP NETCONNECT PSACR Performance

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 50 100 150 200 250

Frequency, MHz

dB

SpecAMP

Headroom

13.3 dB @ 250 MHz!


What is the difference between Cat 5e, cat 5E and Cat 6?

• Signal to noise ratio

• Bandwidth used to test the cable

The first difference is the most important. Cat 6 Cat 6 is twelve times

less "noisy", than Cat 5e. The better the signal to noise ratio is on

your network, the less often this happens.


What is the difference between Cat 5e, cat 5E and Cat 6? Con’t• testing across a bandwidth of 100 MHz. The Cat 6 standard calls for

testing across a bandwidth of 250 MHz.

• The reality is that most computers and networking equipment only

transmit across a frequency range of 100 MHz. (In the future, of

course, actual utilization of greater bandwidth may become more

common.)


What is the difference between Cat 5e, cat 5E and Cat 6? Con’t• Many cable companies tout the high bandwidth of their cable. Some

even test up to as high as 700 MHz. It sounds great for marketing, but

the truth is that the MHz rating is not the same as speed.

• All cable rated Cat 5e or Cat 6 is capable of Gigabit Ethernet. The

MHz rating is just the frequency range used for testing the cable.

• Source: Network Know how – Will Hunt

Shielded 10G Cabling Infrastructure

A Highly Capable, Valuable, Expandable Asset


Cabling Options for 10GbE

• Fiber– Highest performance– Best future-proofing– Comparable cost to copper– Density – small cable diameters, small

connectors– Ease of installation – NE/NP connectors

– Cost of electronics – no migration path with existing electronics• This typically steers the decision in the

direction of copper…


Cabling Options for 10GbE

• Copper

– Familiarity

– Provides necessary performance

– PoE and PoE Plus

– Migration path with existing electronics

• Leads to Unshielded vs. Shielded…


Advantages of a Shielded 10 GbESolution

• Equitable cost (compared to 6A UTP), both for materials and for labor

& installation

• Significantly greater Shannon Capacity than Category 6A UTP

• Alien Crosstalk prevented by shield, not by space

– Eliminates effects of AXT

• Great fit for “secure” applications

• Application-friendly in all environments

– EMI & RFI resistant in noisy environments

• Fewer spurious spikes and system interruptions

• Noise reduction from non-cable sources

• Shielded has been commercially available for years


What is Shielded Cable?

• Cable constructions and designations

• U – Unshielded, F – Foil Shield, S – Braided Shield• First letter designation indicates type of outer shield• Second letter designation indicates type of shield on

each pair

SF/UTPS-FTP

S/FTPS-STP

F/UTPFTP

U/UTPUTP

New DesignationsOld Designations


Price Comparisons

Cat 6A F/UTP 100%Manufacturer A - 6A UTP 99%Manufacturer B - 6A UTP 104%Manufacturer C - 6A UTP 98%Manufacturer D - 6A UTP 109%


Shannon Capacity Comparison

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Cat 6 UTP Cat 6A UTP Cat 6A F/UTP Cat 7 S/FTP

9.9

Gb/

s

16.4

Gb/

s

27.7

Gb/

s

34.7

Gb/

s


Performance

• Shielded cabling systems have always provided much higher electrical performance than UTP systems – there has just never been an application to take advantage of this increased performance…

…until now


1000BASE-T Technology

Return LossNEXT FEXT

DigitalSignal

Processor(DSP)

Switch

1 Gbps

DigitalSignal

Processor(DSP)

NIC

1 G

bps

250 Mbps

250 Mbps

250 Mbps

250 Mbps


10GBASE-T Technology

Return LossNEXT FEXT

AlienCrosstalk

(AXT)

EMI &Background

NoiseNearbyUTP

Cable

10GBASE-T signal spectrum up to 500 MHz

DigitalSignal

Processor(DSP)

Switch

10 Gbps

DigitalSignal

Processor(DSP)

NIC

10 G

bps

2.5 Gbps

2.5 Gbps

2.5 Gbps

2.5 Gbps


Alien Crosstalk (AXT)

• AXT is the undesired coupling of signals between adjacent cables

• AXT is a new parameter to consider, yet it is the most critical parameter for

10G

• AXT cannot be cancelled by Digital Signal Processing (DSP) technology

• AXT can ONLY be prevented or mitigated by a shield, space, or glass


Industry comments about Alien Crosstalk

• This noise source from adjacent cables, however, cannot be cancelled effectively by Digital Signal Processing . The solution is to provide increased isolation of cables from one another, either by increased separation, use of shielding, or improved cable constructions that reduce ANEXT.

• The IEEE has determined that alien crosstalk is the main electrical parameter limiting the performance of the structured cabling system, when applied to 10 Gigabit transmission lines.

• Presentations given in the 10GBASE-T task force have identified alien crosstalk to be the most dominant noise source . Unlike other noise impairments, alien crosstalk is very difficult to mitigate using advanced digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms due to its random statistical nature.


AXT Considerations for UTP and STP

• Shielded cables provide CONSIDERABLE headroom for AXT!

– Current pair-to-pair performance parameters will be more stringent as we

move toward 500 MHz

– However, AXT performance will be the main consideration!

• Unshielded cables will be marginal at best…

– Space is the only way to mitigate the effects of AXT

• Addendum 11 allows for cables up to .354” OD (instead of .250”)

• Larger cables provide better AXT performance, but take up more space

• Unshielded Cat 6A cables running 10G shouldn’t be mixed in a pathway with

other cable types (ie – Cat 6 or Cat 5e)

– Not specifically addressed by the standards, but still very much a concern

for unshielded cables

– Not an issue for shielded cables


IEEE 802.3an – Cabling Types


The Space of a Shielded Solution

• Port density equivalent to current Cat 6

• Shielded cables have smaller OD than Augmented Category 6 cables

• UTP ANEXT reduction through spacing…

– Make the cable jacket thicker or use two cable jackets

• More expensive and stiffer cable

– Loss of density in conduits, cable trays, cable management

– Not just horizontal cable – but also patch cords!


Size Comparisons

• Single cable comparison

• We work in a world of cable BUNDLES!

Cat 5e UTP Cat 6 UTP Cat 6A F/UTP Cat 6A UTP


Size Matters…

• How does cable size really affect your pathway costs?

– Conduit fill – based on 40% fill ratio

– 40% more cables in a conduit

– Patch cord comparison – F/UTP compared to U/UTP

Conduit F/UTP 6A UTPSize 7.6mm (.300") 9.0 mm (0.354")

2 18 133 40 294 71 51


Installing a Shielded Solution

• Shielded cable termination time is perceived to be longer than UTP

equivalents (e.g. Cat 6). THIS IS SIMPLY NOT TRUE!!

– New tooling options and connector technologies are available to

dramatically simplify terminations and decrease termination times

• Just like NE/NP fiber connectors, the new termination technology

dramatically reduces the cost of shielded cabling systems

• A ninety-second shielded jack!! AMP NETCONNECT is the only

company that has simplified shielded connections to this extent


Installation of the AMP-TWIST® Jack in 90 seconds or less!!

Press the clamp and insert cable through hole

Lace the wires into the slots according to wiring pattern

Locate the rear housing into the front housing

2 4

Place the jack into the tool and squeeze the handle all the way down. Finished!!

1 3


Installing a Shielded Solution:XG Shielded Patch Panels

• Improved labeling

– Integrated dual purpose labeling space

• Paper labels with clear plastic cover

• Black plastic cover for adhesive labels

–Labels can be applied to covers on a flat surface and then

snapped on to the panel

– Icons

– Port numbers


Installing a Shielded Solution:XG Shielded Patch Panels

• Integrated grounding/bonding technology

– Patent-pending bonding bar to simplify grounding/bonding

• Snap in the jack and it’s done!

• Fast and easy

–No time consuming or complicated installation processes

– Paint piercing star washer completes bonding path from patch panel

to rack

Integrated bonding barcompletes metallicconnection from jackto patch panel foreasy grounding!


Installing a Shielded Solution

• The smaller diameter of shielded cables make them easier to

pull/install than the 6A UTP cables

– Bend radius concerns – the smaller the cable, the less space

required to “turn” it

• Field testing of alien crosstalk on shielded cabling systems not

required

– Much different story for unshielded


Field Testing of Alien Crosstalk on UTP

• Not required, but suggested• Time consuming• Sample testing


Grounding and Bonding

• Grounding and bonding needs to be done properly for BOTH

SHIELDED AND UNSHIELDED systems, but is easily and routinely

accomplished!

– Same procedures need to be followed on unshielded installations as

well as fiber!

• Definitions

– Grounding - Establishing a conducting connection between an

electrical circuit or equipment and the earth. (Electrical Contractor)

– Bonding: The permanent joining of metallic parts to form an

electrically conductive path that will ensure electrical continuity.

(Telecommunications Contractor)


Grounding and Bonding

• Grounding systems should be common and have one grounding

electrode to ensure zero potential

• Racks and cabinets should be bonded

• Permanent link should be bonded at one end – the closet end

– Best bond is to the structural steel

• Shielded cable assemblies effectively bond at both ends

– Maintains effectiveness of shield performance

– Ensuring no leakage from end to end


Building StructuralSteel

GroundingElectrode

Grounding Bus Bar

TGB

ElectricalPanel

Horizontal STP Cable

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 101112

AB

12x

6x

8x

2x

9x

3x

10x

4x

11x

5x

7x

1x

Eth

ern

et

A

12x

6x

8x

2x

9x

3x

10x

4x

11x

5x

7x

1x

C

WorkstationShielded

PatchCable

Shielded Patch Cable

Proper Grounding System Layout


1 2 34 56

7 8 9101112

AB

12x

6x

8x

2x

9x

3x

10x

4x

11x

5x

7x

1x

Eth

erne

t

A

12x

6x

8x

2x

9x

3x

10x

4x

11x

5x

7x

1x

C

TGBElectrical

Panel

What ground loop?

• For years, network switches

have been tied into two bonding

points without any negative

effects

• A common grounding electrode

eliminates potential for ground

loops

• Multiple bonding points have not

caused an issue for network

switches, multiple bonding points

will not cause any issues for the

cabling system


Methods for Bonding Patch Panels

• Star washers

– Pierce paint on panels to provide

a bond from panel to rack with the

mounting screws (shown at right)

– Alternatively, place star washer

between the panel and the rack

• Grounding lugs

– Attach to panels and daisy chain

panels together and attach to

ground


Is It Really Shielded?

• Quick, easy, and consistent terminations

• Grounding and bonding easily accomplished

• Patch panels look like…well, they look like a normal panel


Shielded Cabling for 10GbE

• Offers the necessary performance for 10 Gig and more

• ANEXT margin of 20 dB and higher

• Ability to use existing electronics

• Shield significantly reduces the effects of any RFI/EMI including

ANEXT and background noise

• Takes up less space

• Very cost competitive

• Installer friendly

• AMP NETCONNECT offers a cost competitive, high performance,

easy-to-install shielded system


Summary

• Convergence is happening

• It is happening on IP cabling

• IP cabling is an expandable asset

• The key to making yourself valuable is making the infrastructure

valuable

• The key to making the infrastructure valuable is to make the

infrastructure capable

Thank You!!

cat5 to 10gig convergence makes cabling an asset

Documents