case study

• Case Study

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-case-study-toolkit.html

Ocean governance Case Study: The Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management (ESSIM) Initiative

1 The aim of the ESSIM Initiative is to create integrated and adaptive management plans that are a collaborative effort for ecosystem,

social, economic and institutional sustainability of the Eastern Scotian Shelf. It

incorporates maintaining existing jurisdictional responsibilities, inclusion,

consensus, accountability, dispute resolution, networking, evolution, and learning by doing,

which are all part of the governance principles in the Oceans Strategy.


Ocean governance Case Study: The Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management (ESSIM) Initiative

1 How it works is that the Stakeholders Roundtable (lead stakeholders and

government) and the Planning Office draft up a management plan and this is then reviewed at the ESSIM Forum (an annual stakeholders’ meeting),

community meetings and the general public


IVI Translation - Case study

1 RFC 6219: China Education and Research Network (CERNET)'s IVI

translation design and deployment for the IPv4/IPv6 coexistence and

transition.


Open source - Case Study

1 An investigation of open-source industrial symbiosis was performed by Doyle and Pearce using Google

Earth. Their paper found that virtual globes coupled with open-source waste information can be used to:



1 Reduce embodied energy of transport by reducing distances to recycling facilities



1 Establish industrial symbiosis and eco-industrial parks on known by-product

synergies


Election promise - Case study: Richard Nixon's Election promises

1 In the 1968 Presidential campaign, Richard Nixon stated that "new leadership will end the war" in

Vietnam



1 According to one historian, "it became obvious in 1969 that Nixon's

'secret plan' to end the war was a campaign gimmick..."



1 Another historian wrote: "Nixon never had a plan to end the war, but

he did have a general strategy--to increase pressure on the communists

[and] issue them a November 1, 1969 deadline to be conciliatory or else...The North Vietnamese did not respond to Nixon's ultimatum...and his aides began planning Operation

Duck Hook."https://store.theartofservice.com/the-case-study-toolkit.html


1 Nixon told Michigan Republican congressman Donald Riegle that the war would be over within six months

of his assumption of office.



1 As this six month deadline approached, in May 1969, Henry

Kissinger asked a group of Quakers to give the administration six more months. "Give us six months, and if we haven't ended the war by then, you can come back and tear down

the White House fence."



1 The election promises of the Nixon administration had positive results for the

White House



1 The executive producer of the ABC evening news, Av Westin, wrote a memo in March

1969 that stated:



1 "I have asked our Vietnam staff to alter the focus of their coverage from combat pieces to interpretive ones, pegged to the eventual pull-out of

the American forces. This point should be stressed for all hands."



1 And Westin telexed the ABC network's Saigon bureau:



1 "I think the time has come to shift some of our focus from the

battlefield, or more specifically American military involvement with the enemy, to themes and stories under the general heading 'We Are

on Our Way Out of Vietnam.'"



1 American combat deaths for the first half of 1969 increased rather than decreased during the time in which

the plan was allegedly being implemented.



1 In 1972, Nixon also promised that "peace is at hand". On January 27, 1973, at the beginning of Nixon's

second term, representatives of the US, North Vietnam, South Vietnam and the Viet Cong signed the Paris

Peace Accords, which formally ended US involvement in the war.



1 The Nixon Administration six month's promise is similar to the Philippine-

American War 1900 promise of Republicans who pledged that the

fighting in the Philippines would end within sixty days of McKinley's re-

election. It, however, took a lot longer.



1 # Reduce embodied energy of transport by reducing distances to recycling facilities



1 # Establish industrial symbiosis and eco-industrial parks on known by-product

synergies


Earth systems engineering and management - Case Study: Florida Everglades

1 The Florida Everglades system is a prime example of a complex

ecological system that underwent an ESEM analysis.



1 The Florida Everglades is located in southern

Florida



1 By 1993, the Everglades had been affected by

numerous human developments



1 It was in 1993 that the Army Corps of Engineers analyzed the system. They determined that an ideal

situation would be to get the water right. In doing so there would be a better flow through the Everglades

and a reduced number of canals and levees sending water to tide.



1 It was from the development of the Normative Scenario, that the Army

Corps of Engineers developed CERP, the Comprehensive Everglades

Restoration Plan


Imre Lakatos - The Milton Friedman neoclassical economics case study

1 In August 1972, a case study of the methodology of neoclassical economics by Lakatos's London School of Economics colleague Spiro Latsis published in The

British Journal for the Philosophy of Science found Milton Friedman's methodology to be 'pseudo-

scientific' in terms of Lakatos's evaluative philosophy of science, according to which the demarcation between scientific and pseudo-scientific theories consists of their at least predicting testable empirical novel facts or

not.Situational Determinism in Economics S.J Latsis The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 23,

p207-45



1 In defense, Friedman wrote a three-page letter to Latsis in December 1972, counter-claiming that the

neoclassical monopoly competition model had in fact shown empirical progress by predicting

phenomena not previously observed that were also subsequently confirmed by empirical evidence.His 6 December 1972 letter is held in Folder 36 of Box

29 of the Hoover Institution Archives' [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf7t1n

b2hx Milton Friedman Papers] at Stanford University, created by Friedman and his wife in

1992



1 In 1996 Elizabeth Granitz and Benjamin Klein uncovered how Standard Oil used its

dominant position in refining to sell refined oil at a monopoly price, and purchase crude at a

monopoly price. [http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/72576

8?uid=3739560uid=2uid=4uid=3739256sid=21102605694677] McGee's revisionist analysis has been heavily criticized, for reasons that

demonstrate Lakatos' critique was accurate.



1 Christopher Leslie showed McGee’s claim Standard Oil did not predatory

price was false, and that McGee misread, misinterpreted, and ignored evidence.[http://weblaw.usc.edu/why/students/orgs/lawreview/documents/85SCalLRev_Leslie.pdf] Economists

James Dalton and Louis Esposito reexamined the trial record, and found it “contains considerable evidence of predatory pricing



1 Three years later, in 1976, Friedman was awarded the Nobel Prize for Economics for his achievements in the fields of

consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization

policy.Nobel Prize Committee Press Release announcing Milton Friedman as the 1976 winner

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1976/press.html Friedman's own predictions of an accelerating rate

of inflation due to attempts to use expansionary monetary policy in order to attain an unrealistic employment target, as

described in his Nobel lectureFriedman Lecture http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1976/friedman-lecture.pdf are cited by others as an example of

a novel phenomenon successfully predicted by neoclassical economics.Brian Snowdon, Howard R


Technological transitions - Case study

1 The MLP has been used in describing a range of historic transitions in

socio-technical regimes for mobility, sanitation, food, lighting and so

on.Smith, A., Vob, J.P., and Grin, J., 2010



1 Geels presented three historical transitions on system innovation

relating to modes of transportation. The technological transition from

sailing ships to steamships in the UK will be summarised and shown in the context of a wider system innovation.



1 Great Britain was the world’s leading naval power in the nineteenth century, and led the way in the

transition from sail to steam


Music management - Case Study: Lady Gaga

1 In an article titled, “Case study: Making money from music” by Martin

Kupp, Jamie Anderson (scientist)|Jamie Anderson and Joerg Reckhenrich, the effects of

technological advances on the music industry are recognized, analyzed,

and utilized through an online marketing strategy that led to the incredible success of Lady Gaga


Music management - Case Study: Lady Gaga

1 Case Study: Making Money From Music


Workplace wellness - Case study

1 The [http://www.cdc.gov/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]

conducted a [http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/

apr/08_0206.htm case study] of a workplace wellness program at

Austin, TX's Capital Metro, Austin’s local transit

authority.http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0206.htm


Tip (gratuity) - IRS Case Study

1 An IRS audit was triggered by major discrepancies between employees'

declared tip percentage and percentage from credit card slips

maintained by the business


Implicit learning - Case study: Henry Gustav Molaison

1 Henry Gustav Molaison, formerly known as patient H.M., was an amnesiac patient following the surgery of his hippocampus,

hippocampal gyrus, and amygdala in order to relieve the symptoms of his

epilepsy


Case studies - History of the case study

1 It is generally believed that the case-study method was first introduced

into social science by Frederic Le Play in 1829 as a handmaiden to statistics in his studies of family budgets. (Les

Ouvriers Europeens (2nd edition, 1879).



1 The use of case studies for the creation of new theory in social

sciences has been further developed by the sociologists Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss who presented their research method, Grounded theory,

in 1967.



1 The popularity of case studies in testing hypotheses has developed only in recent decades. One of the areas in which case studies have

been gaining popularity is education and in particular educational

evaluation.Robert E. Stake, The Art of Case Study Research (Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1995). ISBN 0-8039-

5767-Xhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-case-study-toolkit.html


1 Case studies have also been used as a teaching method and as part of

professional development, especially in business and legal education. The

problem-based learning (PBL) movement is such an example. When used in (non-business) education and

professional development, case studies are often referred to as

critical incidents.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-case-study-toolkit.html


1 Ethnography is an example of a type of case study, commonly found in communication case

studies. Ethnography is the description, interpretation, and analysis of a culture or social

group, through field research in the natural environment of the group being studied. The

main method of ethnographic research is through observation where the researcher

observes the participants over an extended period of time within the participants own

environment.Encyclopedia of Consumer Culture



1 When the Harvard Business School was started, the faculty quickly

realized that there were no textbooks suitable to a graduate program in

business


Town meeting - Case study

1 In 2003, the communities of Freetown, Massachusetts|Freetown

and Lakeville, Massachusetts|Lakeville, Massachusetts held their annual town meetings and voted on

the budget for the Freetown-Lakeville Regional School District as part of

those meetings


Town meeting - Case study

1 When the towns could not agree, the Regional School Committee, as governing body of the Freetown-Lakeville Regional

School District, called a joint town meeting of voters from Freetown and Lakeville to

agree on a single regional school budget. The joint meeting voted in favor of the

amount originally requested, which committed Freetown to appropriate

additional funds in the amount of $100,000 for the regional school district's operations.


Cultural invention - Case Study: The Maori of New Zealand

1 Allan Hanson proposed that several aspects of

[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maori Maori] culture had been invented by

European scholars who were accustomed to analytical frameworks focused on long-distance migration

and diffusion


Case study

1 Case Study Research: Design

and Methods


Case study

1 Creswell, data collection in a case study occurs over a sustained period of time


Case study

1 Weihnhein, Basel, 2005 This is also supported and well-formulated in

(Lamnek, 2005): The case study is a research approach, situated between concrete data taking techniques and

methodologic paradigms.


Case study

1 The case study is sometimes mistaken for the case method, but the two are not the same.


Case study - Case selection and structure

1 When selecting a subject for a case study, researchers will therefore use

information-oriented sampling, as opposed to random sampling



1 Three types of cases may thus be

distinguished:



1 # Outlier cases



1 Thus, for example, if a researcher were interested in US resistance to

communist expansion as a theoretical focus, then the Korean

War might be taken to be the subject, the lens, the case study

through which the theoretical focus, the object, could be viewed and

explicated.Gary Thomas, How to do your Case Study (Thousand Oaks:

Sage, 2011)https://store.theartofservice.com/the-case-study-toolkit.html


1 The typology thus offers many permutations for case study structure.



1 These are, to a differentiable degree, similar to the case study in that

many contain reviews of the relevant literature of the topic discussed in

the thorough examination of an array of cases published to fit the criterion

of the report being presented


Case study - Generalizing from case studies

1 A critical case is defined as having strategic importance in relation to

the general problem. A critical case allows the following type of

generalization, ‘If it is valid for this case, it is valid for all (or many) cases.’ In its negative form, the

generalization would be, ‘If it is not valid for this case, then it is not valid for any (or valid for only few) cases.’



1 The case study is well suited for identifying black swans because of

its in-depth approach: what appears to be white often turns out on closer

examination to be black.



1 Galileo Galilei’s rejection of Aristotle’s law of gravity was based

on a case study selected by information-oriented sampling and

not random sampling


Ocean governance - Case Study: The Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management (ESSIM) Initiative

1 The aim of the ESSIM Initiative is to create integrated and adaptive management plans that are a

collaborative effort for ecosystem, social, economic and institutional sustainability of the Eastern Scotian Shelf.Fisheries and Oceans Canada (2001) The Eastern Scotia

Shelf Integrated Management (ESSIM) Initiative: Development of a Collaborative

Management and Planning Process


Ocean governance - Case Study: The Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management (ESSIM) Initiative

1 How it works is that the Stakeholders Roundtable (lead stakeholders and

government) and the Planning Office draft up a management plan and this is then reviewed at the ESSIM Forum (an annual stakeholders’ meeting),

community meetings and the general public


Talent manager - Case Study: Lady Gaga

1 In an article titled, “Case study: Making money from music” by Martin

Kupp, Jamie Anderson (scientist)|Jamie Anderson and Joerg Reckhenrich, the effects of

technological advances on the music industry are recognized, analyzed,

and utilized through an online marketing strategy that led to the incredible success of Lady Gaga


Talent manager - Case Study: Lady Gaga

1 Case Study: Making Money From Music


School district drug policies - Case study

1 In late 2001, in Ashland, Oregon, the Ashland School District (Oregon)|Ashland School Board enacted a

Drug and Alcohol Policy for students in leadership positions, igniting a

local controversy. The policy extended to off-campus and after-

school conduct, but the controversy reached the general efficacy and constitutionality of drug testing

policies.Ashland Oregon case study:https://store.theartofservice.com/the-case-study-toolkit.html


1 *[http://www.dailytidings.com/2002/news0213/headline/dt_news-01.php

Daily Tidings (February 2002 Coverage)]



1 *[http://www.dailytidings.com/2002/news0122/opinion/dt_opinion.php

Daily Tidings (January 2002 Coverage)]



1 *[http://www.mailtribune.com/archive/2002/january/010702n4.htm

Mail Tribune (January 2002 Coverage)]



1 *[http://www.mailtribune.com/archive/2001/october/102801n1.htm

Mail Tribune (October 2001 Coverage) Article 1]



1 *[http://www.dailytidings.com/2001/news0912/community/

dt_community-04.php Daily Tidings (September 2001 Coverage)]



1 *[http://www.mailtribune.com/archive/2001/september/

091101n1.htm Mail Tribune (September 2001 Coverage)]



1 *[http://www.mailtribune.com/archive/2001/july/073101n1.htm Mail Tribune (July 2001 Coverage) Article

1]



1 *[http://www.mailtribune.com/archive/2001/july/072301n2.htm Mail Tribune (July 2001 Coverage) Article

2]



1 Opposing the policy were local student groups and the local Oregon American Civil

Liberties Union, which had advocated on behalf of various students expelled by the Ashland School District for drug use in May 2001 at a national forensics tournament.

Students at Ashland High School (Oregon)|Ashland High School argued that their off

campus behavior after school hours should have no effect on their academic standing.



1 To resolve the dispute, a community committee was formed, meeting for

five months. The committee's recommendations lead to a rewriting

of the Code of Conduct and a re-evaluation of the School District's

entire Drug and Alcohol Policy.


Policy analysis - Case Study Example of Rational Policy Analysis Approach

1 To demonstrate the rational analysis process as described above, let’s examine the policy paper “Stimulating the use of biofuels in the European Union: Implications for climate change policy” by Lisa Ryan where the substitution of fossil fuels with biofuels has been proposed in the European Union (EU) between 2005–2010 as part of a strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas

emissions from road transport, increase security of energy supply and support development of

rural communities.



1 Considering the steps of Patton and Sawicki model as in Figure 1 above,

this paper only follows components 1 to 5 of the rationalist policy analysis

model:



1 # Defining The Problem – the report identifies transportation fuels pose two important challenges for the

European Union (EU)



1 # Determine the Evaluation Criteria – this policy sets Environmental

impacts/benefits (reduction of GHG’s as a measure to reducing climate change effects) and Economical

efficiency (the costs of converting to biofuels as alternative to fossil fuels

the costs of production of biofuels from its different potential sources)as

its decision criteriahttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-case-study-toolkit.html


1 # Identifying Alternative Policies – The European Commission foresees

that three alternative transport fuels: hydrogen, natural gas, and biofuels,

will replace transport fossil fuels, each by 5% by 2020.



1 # Evaluating Alternative Policies – Biofuels are an alternative motor

vehicle fuel produced from biological material and are promoted as a

transitional step until more advanced technologies have matured. By modelling the efficiency of the

biofuel options the authors compute the economic and environmental

costs of each biofuel option as per the evaluation criteria mentioned

above.



1 # Select The Preferred Policy – The authors suggest that the overall best biofuel comes from the sugarcane in Brazil after comparing the economic

the environmental costs


The Burke Group - Cable and Wireless Case Study

1 In May 2007, the Communication Workers Union (CWU) in the UK

petitioned Cable and Wireless (CW) for automatic recognition of their

Field Service team by filing form 1A which defines and describes the potential unit to the CAC (Central

Arbitration Committee).http://www.cac.gov.uk/

After review, CAC sanctioned the unithttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-case-study-toolkit.html


1 In August 2007, reps employed by the Communication Workers Union

were assigned at Cable and Wireless to provide guidance to employees

regarding joining their union,.http://www.cwu.org/52991/cab

le-amp-wireless.html Cable and Wireless also employed reps to

provide guidance to CW management



1 In April 2008, after a review of the “appropriate bargaining unit”, the

CAC ordered a workforce ballot election process (as opposed to

automatic recognition) as the best way to decide the most appropriate

form of representation



1 In May 2009, to dispute the outcome of the ballot election, the

Communication Workers Union filed a complaint to the CAC and The Joint

Committee on Human Rights


Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics - Colorado coal strike (a case study)

1 Joseph Conlin has written that the 1927 coal strike was a unique,

indeed critical event in the social and economic history of the West. First, it

was a coal strike run by Wobblies, rather than the United Mine Workers.

Second, many of the miners had a company union, yet still elected to strike under the IWW. Third, it had

the first positive result for Colorado coal miners in sixty years of struggle.



1 The IWW had editorially criticized the leadership of the United Mine

Workers (UMW) during the 1913-14 strike which had led to the Ludlow

Massacre



1 In 1927 the IWW called for a three day nationwide walkout to protest

the execution of Sacco and Vanzetti



1 Organizing proceeded apace. In one mine, the Supervisor went to work

one morning and discovered Wobbly stickers pasted on every timber and

cross beam in the place: 'Join the Wobblies, Join the Wobblies.' There

were IWW posters from the bottom of the shaft clear to the working face.



1 IWW leader Kristin Svanum met in a mass meeting with 187 delegates

from 43 of the state's 125 mines to work out the miners' demands



1 All national groupings were represented on the General Strike

Committee — Mexican, Slav, Spanish, Greek, Anglo, Italian, and

Negro.



1 There were so many different nationalities in the coal towns of Colorado due to corporate

recruitment policy. After the coal strike of 1903-04, the companies intentionally

recruited replacement miners who would have social, cultural, and language barriers to overcome before they could unite with other miners to form unions. But the IWW, always

the champion of the immigrant and the ethnic worker, had readily overcome such challenges as early as the 1912 Lawrence Textile Strike.



1 Docile immigrant workers may have been a boon to industry, but

invariably, such workers were ruthlessly exploited. In the mines, yesterday's perplexed new arrival

often became today's militant unionist.



1 Immigrants aroused by injustice became targets



1 The IWW was careful to follow the minutiae of Colorado law related to the pending

strike, in an effort to keep the focus on the miners, rather than on the IWW itself.

Nonetheless, the State Industrial Commission declared the pending strike

illegal. This decision angered even established labor organizations who had not supported the strike up to that point. They considered it an affront to all of organized

labor in Colorado.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-case-study-toolkit.html


1 IWW organizers were arrested, beaten, and robbed. Proclamations were passed by at least

six city councils ordering the IWW to leave. IWW union halls were wrecked. Strike

preparations proceeded unabated, and strike votes were held throughout the state. In Lafayette, so many people arrived at the

meeting hall to endorse the pending strike that the vote was moved to the football field, and

conducted under the headlights of trucks. The Denver Post estimated that 4,000 attended.



1 Along with the coal companies, the state, and many local communities, the United Mine Workers came out publicly against the pending strike



1 With IWW guidance, the General Strike Committee instructed the miners to commit

no violence



1 Conlin quotes McClurg to observe that Laws were broken, but selectively and with care



1 The Columbine mine, one of the larger of the few mines still working, granted a fifty cent per day pay raise



1 In one surprising episode of philosophical warfare during the

strike, the IWW made an attempt to establish a workers' cooperative for

striking miners at an abandoned mine



1 Entire communities became organized during the 1927 strike, and they were capable of

protracted militant action. However, a strike typically puts a dramatic strain on

relationships within communities. Affected relationships are not just between strikers and business interests, or between strikers and non-strikers. During a coal strike, entire families are involved. One resident of a coal community spoke of the effect of the 1927

strike on students,



1 You'd think the coal miner was the dirtiest reptile that walked

the earth



1 The State of Colorado and local law enforcement began to arrest every

strike leader that they could identify, on vagrancy or other trumped up

charges. Many were deported from the state. In Trinidad, in Walsenberg, and elsewhere, members of strikers' families stepped forward to take the place of arrested leaders, and lead

the strike.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-case-study-toolkit.html


1 Seventy-five IWW members in the Trinidad jail conducted protests that featured bonfires. Prisoners in the Lafayette jail carried on

incessant singing. When they were offered their freedom, they refused to leave. A group of

prisoners in Erie persuaded their jailers that deputies in Utah and Wyoming received higher pay, had better working conditions, and worked shorter hours. In Pueblo, the jail was secured by 200 deputies armed with tear bombs, machine

guns, rifles, and fire engine pumpers.



1 Newspapers began calling for the governor to no longer withhold the mailed fist, to strike hard and strike swiftly,Denver Morning Post editorial, November 2, 1927, page 1 and for

Machine Guns Manned By Willing Shooters at more of the state's coal mines.Boulder Daily Camera, November 17, 1927, page 2 Within

days, state police and mine guards fired machine guns, rifles, and pistols against 500

unarmed miners and their wives at the Columbine mine, killing six



1 The miners won a dollar a day increase from the 1927 strike



1 Although the United Mine Workers in Colorado had vocally opposed the

strike, they had established an official position of neutrality



1 Labor spies#The Colorado Coal Strike of 1927|The most pervasive spying

during the 1927 strike was most probably conducted by Colorado Fuel and Iron, the coal and steel company

owned by the Rockefeller dynasty.Jonathan Rees, “X,” “XX,” and “X-3”, Spy Reports from the

Colorado Fuel Iron Company Archives, Colorado Heritage/Winter

2004 The company organized a network of spies to infiltrate,

propagandize against, and disrupt the IWW



1 Summing up the Colorado coal strike, Joseph Conlin concludes that Colorado coal miners were radical, based upon their experiences,

and willfully chose to have the IWW lead them. In Conlin's words, [t]he failure of the Wobblies to establish and maintain a viable organization in Colorado resulted from the

anarcho-syndicalist strategy of the IWW (i.e., no labor contracts, no union recognition), not from the absence of class consciousness and

radicalism among the miners.


Baby sign language - Case study on bilingual exposure

1 A study entitled Hearing Children Exposed to Spoken Signed Input investigated the transition from

gesture to sign in a case study of an Italian, hearing, bimodal, bilingual

child.



1 Marco was a bilingual hearing child of deaf parents exposed to sign and [oral] language from birth. Though both parents were deaf, they used

both Italian Sign Language (LIS) and spoken Italian, at some times

simultaneously. Marco was also regularly enrolled in a day care with

Italian-speaking peers.



1 Gesture was considered anything that a hearing (Italian) monolingual

child had also been observed producing, whereas LIS was only

considered in use if it resembled an adult speaker's LIS or a simplified sign, as judged by a native signer.



1 The study noted these points as interesting:



1 * Under these criteria, Marco did not appear to have a sign advantage.

Sign advantage refers to the hypothesis that children who learn

sign language and spoken language simultaneously will reach early

linguistic milestones more rapidly in sign than in speech.



1 * Differences appeared in Marco's use of deictic and representational gestures as compared to those of

monolingual children.



1 * While Marco used proportionately more representational than deictic

gestures at both comparison points, monolingual children produced

deictic gestures much more frequently than representational

gestures.



1 * He was able to use representational gestures more comfortably and

practically, showing that exposure to sign language may enhance a children's appreciation of the

representational potential of the manual modality; this may, in turn,

generalize to gesture use.



1 * Marco differed from all the studied monolingual peers in that he was

able to combine and use two representational gestures.


Monolingual - Case study: United States of America

1 Despite being a society with many immigrants, stable bilingualism is not a feature of American communities


Monolingual - Case study: United States of America

1 According to The Tongue-Tied American by Senator Paul Simon, an average of 200,000 jobs each year are lost out to Americans, due to an inability to speak a foreign language.


Monolingual - Case study: Belgium

1 In Belgium, monolingualism of the Dutch language is strongly enforced on students


Monolingual - Case study: Canada

1 According to data from the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC), increasingly fewer universities require their students to learn a second language. The

percentage of universities having a second language proficiency as a requirement for

graduation fell from 35% in 1991 to 9% in 2006. At a Scotiabank-AUCC conference in 2007,

participants attributed such a decline to cost issues, as such courses are usually held in small groups, and were therefore removed from the

curriculum.


Recycling in Canada - Case study: Alberta

1 In Alberta, the Alberta Recycling Management Authority (also known as Alberta Recycling) is an quango|

arms-length body set up by the Government of Alberta under the

Ministry of the Environment to coordinate recycling in the province



1 A separate management authority, the Beverage Container Management

Board (BCMB), is responsible for recycling of beverage containers.

[http://environment.alberta.ca/02785.html I want to recycle my..



1 The Recycling Council of Alberta is a registered charity which has

promoted recycling in Alberta since 1987.[http://www.recycle.ab.ca/index

.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=12Itemid=89 Welcome to the Recycling

Council of Alberta – Mission and Goals]



1 Curbside recycling of newsprint, cardboard, plastic packaging, and

other non-food household wastes is the responsibility of the individual

Alberta#Municipalities|municipalities of Alberta



1 By contrast Calgary conducted a pilot project on curbside recycling in 1991 and then abandoned curbside collection for a drop-off system until a

second pilot program in 2004,[http://www.calgary.ca/portal/server.pt/gatew

ay/PTARGS_0_0_780_237_0_43/http%3B/content.calgary.ca/CCA/City+Hall/

Business+Units/Waste+and+Recycling+Services/Recycling+information/Residential+services/

The+3rs+reduce+reuse+recycle/Calgarys+Recycling+History.htm Calgary's

Recycling History], The City of Calgary


Legal anthropology - Case study approach

1 Within the history of Legal Anthropology there have been

various methods of data gathering adopted; ranging from literature

review of traveller/missionary accounts, consulting informants and

lengthy Participant Observation.



1 Furthermore, when evaluating any research it is appropriate to have a

robust methodology capable of scientifically analysing the topic at

hand.



1 The broad method of study by legal anthropologists prevails upon the

Case Study Approach first developed by Llewellyn and Hoebel in The Cheyenne Way (1941) not as “a

philosophy but a technology” (Pospisil, 1973: 541).



1 This methodology is applied to situations of cross-cultural conflict

and the correlating resolution, which can have sets of legal notions and

jural regularities extracted from them (Bohannan, 1965: pp. 41; Pospisil,

1973).



1 This method may be safe-guarded against accusations of imposing

western ideological structures as it is often an emic sentiment: for

example,



1 “The Tiv drove me to the case method…what they were interested in. They put a lot of time and effort

into cases”


Research design - Case study

1 Famous case studies are for example the descriptions about the patients of Freud, who were thoroughly analysed

and described.


Research design - Case study

1 Bell (1999) states “a case study approach is particularly appropriate for individual researchers because it gives an opportunity for one aspect of a problem to be studied in some

depth within a limited time scale”.Bell, J. (1999). Doing your

research project. Buckingham: OUP.


Use of DNA in forensic entomology - Case Study #1

1 Research has already demonstrated the link between forensic entomology

and society by amplifying human DNA from blood meals through

various methods. A case in Italy involving the murder of a woman used this technique to identify a

suspect.



1 The woman’s body was discovered partially covered by sand on a beach in Sicily



1 Department of Biology, West Virginia University from West Virginia

University worked on this specific case.



1 The evidence (no details were provided as to the circumstances surrounding their collection) was

received as two shipping forms and 17 gelatin capsules, each of which contained a hand-written label and either a dried fly larva (maggot),

what appeared to be a fragment of adult insect cuticle, or what

appeared to be a fragment of insect pupal cuticle (puparium).



1 A DNA extraction procedure was performed on each specimen using the commercial kit

sold by Qiagen



1 Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis was attempted on each DNA extract as described in Wells and Sperling

Forensic Science International 2001 vol. 120 pp. 109-114 using PCR and sequencing primers C1-J-1751 and

C1-N-2191.



1 The results from the PCR experiment showed that the DNA analysis was

successful with eight larval specimens



1 Species determination was done based on a mitochondrial DNA

(mtDNA) haplotype. Three specimens produced the same

haplotype, matching the previously published haplotype for the

calliphorid fly species Cynomya cadaverina and therefore being

identified as such.



1 Wells et al. 2001. Journal of Forensic Sciences vol. 46 pp.

261-263



1 Several specimens produced three very closely related haplotypes, indicating that



1 they are all the same species. However, these haplotypes are not

closely related to any previously published or unpublished data.

Therefore these specimens cannot be identified



1 based solely on haplotype data, although they are definitely not members of the forensically important and extensively studied fly families

Calliphoridae or Sarcophagidae. There are several common carrion-feeding species in the

family Muscidae that have not been investigated using DNA methods, and one of

these species, Hydrotea dentipes, fits the general appearance of these specimens. Given

the current state of the science these specimens cannot be identified using DNA

analysis.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-case-study-toolkit.html

Myocardial bridge - Case study

1 Figure 1 shows a series of angiographic images with a bridge on the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in a male patient of 65

years.



1 :A1) Right anterior oblique view taken at end systole. The

compressed vessel segment is indicated by the two arrows.



1 :B1) Left anterior oblique view taken nearly at the same

instant.



1 :A2) Same view as in A1, but taken 133 ms later. The tunneled segment is no longer

compressed.


Conservation reliant species - Case study

1 A prominent example is in India, where Bengal tiger|tigers, an apex

predator and the national animal, are considered a conservation-reliant

species


Conservation reliant species - Case study

1 Recognizing the conservation reliance of tigers, Project Tiger is

establishing a national science based framework for monitoring tiger

population trends in order to manage the species more effectively


Nutrition and HIV/AIDS - Case study in Malawi

1 In Malawi, the AIDS epidemic and its effect on food security for 65 rural households was

studied


Alvin E. Roth - Case study in game theory

1 [http://kuznets.fas.harvard.edu/~aroth/papers/evolut.pdf The

Evolution of the Labor Market for Medical Interns and Residents: A

Case Study in Game Theory]


Alvin E. Roth - Case study in game theory

1 In 1999 Roth redesigned the matching program to ensure stable

matches even with married couples.Roth, Alvin E


Trade restriction - Case study: headlamps

1 Rectangular headlamps were promoted in the United States where round lamps were

required until 1975


Trade restriction - Case study: headlamps

1 In 1968 the United States Department of Transportation|

U.S


Design Patterns (book) - Case study, Chapter 2

1 Chapter 2 is a step-by-step case study on the design of a 'WYSIWYG|What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get' (or

'WYSIWYG') document editor called Lexi. (pp33)



1 The chapter goes through seven problems that must be addressed in

order to properly design Lexi, including any constraints that must

be followed. Each problem is analyzed in depth, and solutions are proposed. Each solution is explained in full, including pseudo-code and a slightly modified version of Object

Modeling Technique where appropriate.



1 Finally, each solution is associated directly with one or more design

patterns. It is shown how the solution is a direct implementation of that

design pattern.



1 The seven problems (including their constraints) and their solutions

(including the pattern(s) referenced), are as follows:


Environmental effects on forensic entomology - Insect activity case study

1 A preliminary investigation of insect colonization and succession on

remains in New Zealand revealed the following results on decay and insect

colonization.


Reporting bias - Case study

1 Litigation brought upon by consumers and health insurers

against Pfizer for the fraudulent sales practices in marketing of the drug

gabapentin in 2004 revealed a comprehensive publication strategy that employed elements of reporting

bias



1 The decision to publish certain findings in certain journals is another strategy



1 Fallout from this case is still being settled by Pfizer in 2014, 10 years

after the initial litigation.


Civilian control of the military - Case study: United States

1 For example, President of the United States|U.S



1 In contesting these priorities, members of the professional military leadership and their non-uniformed supporters may participate in the bureaucratic bargaining process of

the state's policy-making apparatus, engaging in what might be termed a form of regulatory capture as they

attempt to restrict the policy options of elected officials when it comes to

military mattershttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-case-study-toolkit.html


1 Nuclear weapons in the U.S. are owned by the civilian United States Department of Energy, not by the

United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense.



1 During the 1990s and 2000s, public controversy over LGBT policy in the

U.S. military led to many military leaders and personnel being asked for their opinions on the matter and being given extraordinary deference although the decision was ultimately

not theirs to make.



1 During his tenure, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld raised the ire of the military by attempting to

reform its structure away from traditional infantry and toward a

lighter, faster, more technologically driven force


Traditional ecological knowledge - Case study: Gwaii Haanas

1 The case study on Gwaii Haanas serves as an excellent example of

the use of TEK and science together to foster natural resource

management


Hoverfly - Case study - New Zealand

1 There are more than 40 species of syrphid flies in New Zealand. These

flies are found in a variety of habitats including agricultural fields and

alpine zones. Two hoverfly species in Switzerland are being investigated as potential biological control agents of

hawkweeds in New Zealand.



1 Native hoverfly species Melanostoma fasciatum and Melangyna novaezelandiae, are common on

agricultural fields in New Zealand. Coriander and tansy leaf are known to be particularly

attractive to many species of adult hoverflies which feed on large quantities of pollen of these

plants. In organic paddocks hoverflies were found to feed on an average of three and a maximum of six different pollen types. M.

fasciatum has a short proboscis which restricts it to obtaining nectar from disk flowers.



1 Syrphid flies are also common visitors to flowers in alpine zones in

New Zealand. Native flies (Allograpta and Platycheirus) in alpine zones

show preferences for flower species based on their colour in alpine zones;

syrphid flies consistently choose yellow flowers over white regardless of species. However, syrphid flies are not as effective pollinators of alpine herb species as native solitary bees.


American Depositary Receipt - Case Study

1 In 2013 a non-U.S., China-based foreign company,

Autohome Inc


Rural poverty - Case study: United States

1 In the United States, where rural poverty rates are higher and more

persistent than in urban areas, rural workers are disadvantaged by lower

wages and less access to better paying labor markets


Rural poverty - Case study: Africa

1 A study of 24 African countries found that “standards of living in rural

areas almost universally lag behind urban areas.” In terms of education, school enrollments and the ratio of

girl-to-boy enrollments is much lower in rural areas than in urban areas


Rural poverty - Case study: Bangladesh

1 Improved infrastructure in Bangladesh increased agricultural

production by 32 percent through its effect on prices and access to inputs

and technology.Raisuddin, Ahmed and Mahabub, Hossain


Oedipus complex - Oedipal case study

1 In Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-year-old Boy (1909), the case study of the Equinophobia|equinophobic boy Little Hans, Freud showed that the relation between Hans's fears — of

horses and of his father — derived from external factors, the birth of a sister, and internal factors, the desire of the infantile

id to replace father as companion to mother, and guilt (emotion)|guilt for

enjoying the masturbation normal to a boy of his age


Animal co-opted sexual behavior - Case study

1 In a case study, female Japanese macaques were studied to find evidence of possible female copulatory orgasms. Through the study the frequency of orgasms did not correlate with the age of the Japanese

macaques or the rank. Researchers observed that the longer and higher number of pelvic

thrust|thrust with the pelvic, the longer copulation lasted. There was an orgasmic

response in 80 of the 240 Japanese macauques studied.


Animal co-opted sexual behavior - Case study

1 Recent studies using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has provided evidence proving that chemical changes that occur with

emotions are similar between humans and animals


Balancing lake - Case study: Willen Lake, Milton Keynes

1 Willen|Willen Lake is one of the largest (400,000 m²) purpose-built

stormwater balancing lakes in the UK



1 The South Basin is designed for recreational use, mainly dinghy sailing and wind surfing, with a

circumference path and banks as described above



1 An Ordnance Survey 1:25000 map of the site is at and aerial photographs are available at:


Holy well - Case study: the necessity of vigilance in preservation of heritage

1 Often unmarked on maps and undistinguished by archaeological features, holy wells are a uniquely vulnerable category of ancient site


American literary regionalism - Case Study: Sarah Orne Jewett

1 Numerous critics of American Literary Regionalism have turned to Sarah Orne Jewett in order to make

arguments for the operation of regionalist literature


Salinity in Australia - Case study examples

1 Salinity management in the Murray-Darling Basin has included

investment in salt interception schemes, rehabilitation of irrigation

areas, and programs to educate landholders and irrigators on better

practicesGovernment of South Australia 2009 Salinity and water

quality - Government of South Australia. Retrieved from:



1 http://www.sa.gov.au/subject/Water%2c+energy+and+environment/

Water/River+Murray/Allocations+and+water+information/

Salinity+and+water+quality



1 In the South-west rivers region of Western Australia, salinity impacts on potable and irrigation water supplies,

and the areas unique biodiversity



1 Tasmania faces different salinity management issues due to its unique topography. Under the [http://www.nrm.gov.au/ Caring for our Country] Project Tasmania has set up demonstration farm

sites which test management strategies of surface and sub-surface drainage, and trees planting to intercept water, and salt tolerant

plant species.Australian Government Land and Coasts 2010 Natural Resource Management - North Tasmania NRM region featured project:

Finding salinity solutions in Tasmania


Tat language (Caucasus) - Case Study: Mǝlhǝm

1 The town of Mǝlhǝm is largely Tat


Phonological dyslexia - Case study

1 A study was done by Beauvois and Dérouesné

on a 64-year-old man


Hybrid zone - Marine hybrid zone case study

1 Hybrid zones are thought to be less common in marine than terrestrial environments



1 Based on the fossil record and genetic marker studies the following

chronology is used to explain the Canadian mussel hybrid zone:



1 *The genus Mytilus (genus)|Mytilus is at one point restricted to the North Pacific but spreads to the Atlantic through the Bering Strait around .



1 *M.trossulus evolves in the North Pacific and M.edulis in the Atlantic in near allopatry as migration across

the Bering Strait is very low.



1 *Recently, in post-glacial time M.trossulus from the Pacific enters

the Atlantic and colonises shores on both sides, and meets with the local

M. edulis.



1 The Canadian mussel hybrid zone is unusual because both species are

found along the entire shore (a mosaic pattern) instead of the typical

cline found in most hybrid zones



1 The low frequency of F1 hybrids coupled with some introgression

allows us to infer that although fertile hybrids can be produced, significant reproductive barriers exist and the

two species are sufficiently deviated that they are now able to avoid

recombinational collapse despite habitat sharing


Fruit stand - California Case Study: Licenses Might Be Needed for Fruit Stand Operations

1 In 2008, two little girls in Clayton, CA were forced to shut down their fruit stand. The mayor decided it was a commercial enterprise being run in

an area that was not zoned for commerce.


Fruit stand - California Case Study: Licenses Might Be Needed for Fruit Stand Operations

1 “They may start out with a little card-table and selling a couple of things,

but then who is to say what else they have. Is all the produce made there, do they grow it themselves? Are they going to have eggs and chickens for sale next,” said Clayton Mayor Gregg Manning. The mayor later called the girls and their father “self-centered.”


Demining - Case study

1 Along the China-Vietnam border were numerous

minefields


1966 Flood of the River Arno in Florence - The National Library Centers of Florence: a case study

1 Initially the transportation of large numbers of books to other institutes

(to repair and rebind) was considered, but decided against on

logistical grounds. Within six months of the flood, the National Library of Florence had 144 workers on hand: three binders, eight binder trainees, two librarians, forty-two workmen, eighty-one student volunteers and eight other library staff members.



1 * Books were selected for treatment. The details of work to be done were recorded on a

formatted card that accompanied its respective book throughout its treatment. Once work was completed, the card was permanently filed. A universal language utilising symbols, created

with foreign workers in mind, was employed in the formatting of this card. Symbols were

assigned to key phrases that communicated the condition of each book and how its repair was to

be conducted, such as:



1 * The book's collation was verified and its covers removed and stored in

a marked case (if they were to be used in a new binding).



1 * If necessary, the book was carefully taken apart to wash it in warm water

and disinfect it with Topane.



1 * In certain cases, the leaves of the book were mass deacidification|deacidified and

buffered.



1 * Sections of the book were then

reconstructed and the text-blocks

collated.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-case-study-toolkit.html


1 * Finally, each book was wrapped in a paper sheet that had been

impregnated with an antimicrobial substance, then they were set aside for any later repair or rebinding. The binding was completed in the main reading room of the library, which

had been converted (temporarily) for this purpose.



1 This methodical nine-part system enabled workers to process between seventy and a hundred books a day.



1 After the Florence flood, the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale was not allowed to put books back into

the lower levels.Lenzuni, Anna. “Coping with Disaster.” Preservation of library materials: conference held

at the National Library of Austria, Vienna, 7–10 April 1986. Ed. Merrily A. Smith. IFLA publications, 40–41.

München: Saur, 1987.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-case-study-toolkit.html

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