case studies undp: penagmannak, philippines
TRANSCRIPT
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Equator Initiative Case StudiesLocal sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities
PhilippinesPENAGMANNAK
Empowered live
Resilient nation
Empowered live
Resilient nation
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UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES
Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that wo
or people and or nature. Few publications or case studies tell the ull story o how such initiatives evolve, the breadth
their impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practition
themselves guiding the narrative.
To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to ll this gap. The ollowing case study is one in a growing ser
that details the work o Equator Prize winners vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmenconservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take local succ
to scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve as models
replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reerence to The Power o Local Action: Lessons rom 10 Years
the Equator Prize, a compendium o lessons learned and policy guidance that draws rom the case material.
Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiatives searchable case study database.
EditorsEditor-in-Chie: Joseph Corcoran
Managing Editor: Oliver HughesContributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding
Contributing WritersEdayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Toni Blackman, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Larissa Currado, Sarah Gordon, Oliver Hughe
Wen-Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Patrick Lee, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma,
Mary McGraw, Gabriele Orlandi, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding, Luna Wu
DesignOliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen, Lorena de la Pa
Brandon Payne, Mariajos Satizbal G.
AcknowledgementsThe Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude PENAGMANNAK, and in particular the guidance and inputs o Apolinario Cari
Executive Director. All photo credits courtesy o PENAGMANNAK and Apolinario Cario. Maps courtesy o CIA World Factbook a
Wikipedia.
Suggested CitationUnited Nations Development Programme. 2012. PENAGMANNAK, Philippines. Equator Initiative Case Study Series. New York, NY.
http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_winners&view=casestudysearch&Itemid=858 -
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PROJECT SUMMARYPederasyon sa Nagkahiusang mga Mag-uuma nga Nanalipudug Nagpasig-uli sa Kinaiyahan (PENAGMANNAK) is aederation o 17 peoples organizations sel-help groupsor cooperatives working to conserve biodiversity in theMt. Talinis area o Negro Oriental province. With their rootsin the Mt. Talinis and Twin Lakes Biodiversity Conservationproject (1996-1999), these groups early activities includedcommunal tree-arming and environmental awareness-raising.
Since the Mt. Talinis-Twin Lakes area gained protected status
in 2000, the groups work has ocused on the developmento an area management plan, which has outlined policiesor the management o the 15,287-hectare area anddelineated land use zones. The role o the ederation hasbeen to improve the management capacity o these groups,and to acilitate the development o sustainable livelihoodsthrough including micro-lending, livestock dispersal, andorganic ertilizer production, among other activities.
KEY FACTS
EQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2006
FOUNDED: 2001
LOCATION: Negros Oriental Province
BENEFICIARIES: 17 peoples organizations
BIODIVERSIT Y: Mt. Talinis-Twin lakes region
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PENAGMANNAKPhilippines
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Background and Context 4
Key Activities and Innovations 6
Biodiversity Impacts 7
Socioeconomic Impacts 8
Policy Impacts 8
Sustainability 9
Replication 9
Partners 9
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he Philippine orests host some o the richest diversity o plant
nd animal species ound on earth, including amphibians, reptiles,
mammals, and resident and migratory bird species. Because o its
igh species endemism, and the severity o threats to their survival,
he Philippines is among the worlds top global biodiversity hotspots.
Mt. Talinis peak in Negros Oriental province stands at over 1,700
meters above sea level. The mountain range it belongs to, the Cuernos
e Negros, was once a sanctuary or rare ora and auna. Logging
oads now wind their way up the mountainside, carving out veins o
egraded land that tell the story o how deeply the logging industry
as shaped the landscape and the local economy. Deorestation was
ampant in the region until 1981, when logging companies wereorced to stop their operations. The local population that had been
mployed by the logging companies returned to arming activities
hat had previously sustained the economy.
A lack o viable livelihood options and low land productivity, however,
ed many armers to turn to illegal logging, a problem that persisted
n the region or the next decade. Farmers were singularly dependent
n the sale o arm products root crops, vegetables, ruits, corn,
baca, coee, cacao, owers, peanuts and cotton none o which
were providing very high returns in the market. The transition rom
ogging to arming exacerbated demands or land and pressure on
he orest. Slash-and-burn arming, poaching (or both consumption
nd sale), and the unsustainable harvesting o wild plants and non-mber orest products became woeully prevalent.
Initial intervention, 1996-1999
In response to these pressures, the Mt Talinis and Twin L
Biodiversity Conservation project started in 1996 a proge
project o Pederasyon sa Nagkahiusang mga Mag-uuma nga Nana
ug Nagpasig-uli sa Kinaiyahan (PENAGMANNAK). The newly-o
group implemented a community-based resource managem
project with our programmatic components: comm
organizing, resource management, livelihoods, and advocac
its ormation stage (1996-1999), the ocus was on the mobiliza
o communities into peoples organizations and promo
biodiversity conservation strategies. Sixteen peoples organiza
(in essence, sel-help groups or cooperatives) were established: in communities o the northeast portions o Mt Talinis, and eig
the barangays o the southeast portion o the same region. T
peoples organizations were provided with training on basic eco
and sustainability principles, community-based natural reso
management strategies, highland agricultural techniques, and a
orestry options. Nurseries and communal tree-arming pro
were among the rst projects undertaken which were commo
all sixteen groups. In 1999, an external evaluation commissio
by the Mt Talinis and Twin Lakes Biodiversity Conservation pr
ound signicant changes in local attitudes towards conserva
notable improvements in cooperation between armers, impr
incomes, reduced rates o illegal logging and poaching,
widespread uptake o composting, ecoagriculture, and the plano hedgerows as natural buers.
Background and Context
Too much has been taken from our environment.
It is high time we do our share to give back what has been taken.
Apolinario Cario, Executive Director, PENAGMANNAK
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Creation o the Mt. Talinis-Twin Lakes Area, 2000
n November 2000, the Twin Lakes area was proclaimed a national
ark by virtue o Presidential Proclamation No. 414. The area was to
all under the jurisdiction o the Department o Environment and
Natural Resources. Through the Mt Talinis and Twin Lakes Biodiversity
Conservation project, the peoples organizations were quick to begin
obbying eorts, including successul provision o a wildlie hunting
rdinance, which banned the hunting o certain threatened speciesnd provided or associated penalties or violators. The groups also
urned their attention to the development o an Area Management
ramework Plan, which would outline policies or the management
the 15,287-hectare area and delineate land use zones, including a
strict protection zone.
Management transer to peoples organizations, 2001-2003
etween 2001 and 2003, the Mt Talinis and Twin Lakes Biodiversity
Conservation project turned its attention to capacity development
or the 16 peoples organizations. The objective was sel-sufciency
or the groups through the creation o eectively autonomous
ederations. Seminars on project management and accountingwere held; the peoples organizations each ormed environmental
rotection teams tasked with monitoring poaching and illegal
ogging; and agroorestry arms were expanded. Additionally, a
iodiversity monitoring and evaluation tool was created in 2003,
with the organizations trained in data collection. The transition
owards a project managed directly by the peoples organizations
was nalized with the creation o two umbrella ederations, one
which was Pederasyon sa Nagkahiusang mga Mag-uuma nga
Nanalipud ug Nagpasig-uli sa Kinaiyahan (hereater, the ederation
r PENAGMANNAK).
Along with its sister organization, the ederation assumed
eneral responsibility or overseeing the activities o the peoplesrganizations and the empowerment o local communities to
manage ecosystems and natural resources in their respective areas.
mportantly, this management duty covered sustainable livelihoods
rogramming, including micro-lending, livestock dispersal, sari-
ari stores (convenience stores, coming rom the Tagalog sari-sari,
meaning variety), copra cultivation and marketing, organic
ertilizer production, duck-raising, broom-making and more. The
many successes and ailures during this period are instructive on
he oten trial-and-error nature o getting sustainable livelihoods
rogramming right. Where livestock development succeeded, micro-
ending ailed due to an inability to eectively enorce collection, or
nstance. Where new markets were established or certain products,
he soap-making market was ound to be saturated. Getting to
uccess was an adaptive process.
oday, PENAGMANNAK is a ederation o 17 peoples organizations.
ts primary objectives are to protect the Mt. Talinis - Twin Lakes
iodiversity Conservation Area and to ll a capacity building gap or
ocal and indigenous communities. The ederation aims to oster a
onservation ethic, while also prioritizing the needs o local armers
o provide or their wellbeing and or sustainable livelihoods.
artnership and the inclusion o a range o stakeholders in resource
lanning and organizational development are central operating
rinciples.
From top: the Twin Lakes, viewed rom Mt Balinsasayao; Lake Kabalin; the
Talinis-Twin lakes region population is home to one o the largest colonies
ying oxes in southeastern Negros, including the Large Flying Fox (Pterop
vampyrus) and the Golden-crowned Flying Fox (Acerodon jubatus).
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Key Activities and Innovations
he ederation has three objectives which guide its key activities,amely: the promotion o local biodiversity conservation and
ustainable development initiatives, linking where appropriate with
overnment and other relevant stakeholders; the conservation and
ustainable use o natural resources in the Mt. Talinis and Twin Lakes
rea; and improvement in the standard o living o participating
ommunities through environmentally responsible activities, within
nd beyond the agricultural sector.
Key activities all into the same our categories established by
he Mt Talinis and Twin Lakes Biodiversity Conservation project:
ommunity mobilization, natural resource management, advocacy,
nd livelihoods development.
Mobilizing grassroots support or conservation: Community
mobilization continues to be a priority action area, and the
ederation works through its 17 peoples organizations to expand
he reach and inclusiveness o its programming. The ederation
s a acilitator, working to support and empower communities to
evelop collective action solutions that respond to site-specic
eeds and challenges. A joint project management structure is
hared between the ederation and its sister organization, ensuring
he sharing o lessons learned and best practice on what is working
nd what is not in community organization.
Community-based natural resource management: Natural
esource management activities began with the ormation andoversight o environmental protection teams, but have expanded
o include biodiversity monitoring and evaluation mechanisms
nd the upgrading and expansion o agro-orestry arms. In each
nvironmental protection team, a natural resources ofcer has
been deputized to oversee activities and ensure the two-way ow
o inormation to and rom the peoples organizations. Ongoing
raining is provided to peoples organizations on monitoring and
valuation techniques. This is done to ensure accurate inormation
on the status o ecosystems and natural resources, and to give
ubstance and credibility to advocacy eorts and land use planning.
Model reorestation sites (recently expanded to several impowatersheds) are maintained to serve as project demonstration
and inormation resources or peoples organizations, governm
ofcials and other relevant stakeholders.
Advocacy or changes in local policies: PENAGMANNAK has
eective in its advocacy eorts,and oten joins orces wit
sister organization and other stakeholders or maximum im
Early advocacy eorts ocused on providing inputs into an
Management Framework Plan, to ensure that a commu
perspective, indicative o local realities and challenges, was ree
in the land-use strategy. This proved an exercise in sensitizing o
stakeholders to the conservation and development contribu
o community-based organizations, and the benets o priorittheir interests. The ederation has also led a campaign oppo
government attempts to reduce the size o Lake Balinsasayao Na
Park and conducted a Symposium on Biodiversity Conserva
in the Mt. Talinis-Twin Lakes Area. Importantly, the edera
advocates at both provincial and local levels. At provincial leve
ederation successully lobbied or inclusion o community lea
in the Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Protected Area Management Bo
the Negros Oriental Wildlie Conservation Council, and the Ne
Island Integrated Water Resources Management Council. Lobb
at the local level has ocused more specically on accessing n
and technical support.
Livelihood diversication: Lastly, the ederation maintainocus on livelihoods creation and diversication or its mem
organizations. The platorm or securing these activities has
the Mt. Talinis-Twin Lakes Area Management Framework
which incorporates a range o local development plans and aim
harmonize conservation and sustainable livelihoods. In additio
providing training in agro-orestry management techniques,
based diversication, and animal husbandry, the ederation
established a rotating und or small-scale enterprise developm
and complementary workshops in business planning, ecotou
and market supply-chains.
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Impacts
BIODIVERSITY IMPACTSThe Mt Talinis-Twin lakes region has remarkably high levels o
biodiversity and species endemism. In 1994, a study conducted by
he Foundation or the Philippine Environment in the area ound 68
herpetoaunal species, 24 mammalian species, and 102 bird species.
Currently, at least 23 o the 180 species in the Twin Lakes region
re globally threatened. Several threatened vertebrate taxa were
lso ound, including the Writhe-billed Hornbill, Visayan Tarictic
Hornbill, Negros Bleeding-heart Pigeon, White-throated Jungle
lycatcher, Negros-striped Babbler, Flame-templed Babbler, Visayan
lowerpecker, Philippine Hawk-Eagle, White-winged Cuckoo-
hrike, Blue-naped Parrot, Visayan Warty Pig, Visayan Spotted Deer,nd the Negros Shrew. According to the 2007 IUCN Red List, the
primary threat is logging and associated deorestation. Examples
n the report include the Writhe-billed Hornbill (Aceros waldeni),
hreatened by chronic deorestation; the Visayan Tarictic HornbillPenelopides ponini), threatened by deorestation and hunting; and
he Negrod Bleeding-heart Pigeon (Gallicolmba keayi), threatened
by habitat degradationclearance or agriculture, timber and
harcoal burning.
Since 2004, the ederation has overseen a project called BIOM
Biodiversity Monitoring and Evaluation. Under this project, peo
organizations have been trained in the science o gathering
on biodiversity. In the approach, data is gather rom ve trans
Permanent mohon markers are set out 50 meters apart rom
transect. Participants use eld diaries to record observations in
transect. Through this process, populations o threatened sp
are monitored and mapped in the project area. As once exam
the ederation was able to establish that the region contains
o the largest colonies o ying oxes in southeastern Negros.
population includes two species: the Large Flying Fox (Pter
vampyrus) and the Golden-crowned Flying Fox (Acerodon jubat
As a result o ederation advocacy eorts, incidents o il
poaching and hunting have gone down. The ying ox popul
in the area has slowly recovered, along with some o the o
species that were being hunted or poached. The reported loc
extinct Negros Bleeding-heart Pigeon (Gallicolumba keayi) has
reintroduced into the area ater having been hunted to extre
low population numbers. Breeding pairs o the bird have
protected in a local acility to restore critical population num
A new species o lizard (Luperosaurus corfeldi) was also discov
in the area recently, a reminder that deorestation and associ
species loss is also eroding lie that is yet to be discovered.
et to right: Large Flying Fox (Pteropus vampyrus); Negros Bleeding-heart Pigeon (Gallicolumba keayi); Negros Striped-Babbler (Stachyris nigrorum).
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SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS
One o the primary income-generating projects o the ederation
has been around tree nurseries and reorestation. Four peoples
organizations have established tree nurseries, which cultivate native
and indigenous tree species. The average annual revenue or each
group has been USD 1,000. Five other individuals have started
amily-based tree nurseries, which also cultivate ruit-bearing trees.
The average annual revenue rom each o these nurseries has beenUSD 500. Patrons o the tree nurseries extend beyond the peoples
organizations, as demand or native tree species is high.
The Calinawan peoples organization has perhaps been the most
uccessul in its livelihoods diversication programming. The group
has created and maintains a 17-hectare banana plantation and
operates two ruit tree businesses, or lanzones and rambutan. They
have also negotiated a twenty-ve year stewardship contract with
he Community Environment and Natural Resources Ofce, securing
heir land or local conservation and natural resource management
planning. The Calinawan model has been shared with other peoples
organizations in the ederation, with our spin-o banana and abaca
plantations and ve spin-o agro-orestry projects. Other peoplesorganizations have ventured into enterprises such as banana chip
making, anthurium production, the buying and selling o dried sh
products, meat retail, and coconut mortgages. In one instance,
wo peoples organizations have been able to cement a partnership
with Nestl. This agreement was made possible because o the
community-based orest management agreement plan the peoples
organization had in place, which was acilitated by the ederation.
The secondary benets o income-generating activities are
noteworthy. As armers now have improved incomes, many
investing in school ees and education or their children. Se
participants also reported purchasing rice cookers, which re
dependence on rewood or cooking. The ederation has also
a platorm or womens empowerment, and in one case a peo
organization has dedicated itsel exclusively to issues conronte
women.
POLICY IMPACTS
Representatives rom the ederation are members o se
environmental councils and management bodies at both
municipal and regional levels. Specically, the ederation
protected area management board member to the Balinsas
Twin Lakes Natural Park, a member o the council and
partner in wildlie conservation to the Negros Oriental Wi
Conservation Council, and a council member to the Negros Is
Integrated Water Resources Management Council. In all r
ederation representatives share technical expertise o on
ground sustainable development work, biodiversity monito
and evaluation ndings, organic arming practices, and salocal knowledge on land-use planning. Through these councils
ederation has inormed action plans which have gone on to bec
municipal and regional ordinances, or example the bannin
genetically-modied organisms on the island o Negros.
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For community-based natural resource management to be successful in the Philippines, ou
government needs to eliminate corruption and develop stronger political will for environment
conservation and sustainable livelihoods activities. Without these two steps, no sustainab
development activities and outcomes will prevail at the grassroots level or at the country level.
Apolinario Cario, Executive Director, PENAGMANNAK
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Sustainability and Replication
SUSTAINABILITYhe Foundation or the Philippine Environment is an essential partner
n the ederations sustainability model. It has committed over the
ong term to provide small grants or community-based projects
hat enhance or strengthen local sustainable natural resource
management and conservation. The Foundation or the Philippine
nvironment has also been an important source o partnerships
connecting the ederation with local unders) and inormation on
apacity building and prole-raising activities. PENAGMANNAK also
elies on many local government units to mainstream policies that
re responsive to community needs.
REPLICATION
he Foundation or the Philippine Environment has been an engine
or replicating the PENAGMANNAK model, which is predicated on
community-based resource management ramework. The model
as been shared and is currently being implemented by more than
0 peoples organizations across the Philippines. PENAGMANNAK
as also been a pioneer o a rainorestation model, used to
eorest degraded or orested land. This model has been replicated
ationwide, and involves a range o partners, business organizations,
oundations, local government units and peoples organizations. The
ederations biodiversity monitoring and evaluation project (BIOME)
as also been replicated in several o the protected areas in thehilippines.
PARTNERS Silliman University: conducted the oundations rst rapid
assessment
The Foundation or the Philippine Environment: is the
supporter o all biodiversity conservation and sustain
development activities
The Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation Foundation: i
main supporter o reorestation activities
The Visayas State University: provides technical assistan
the implementation o the rainorestation projects and ha
conservation activities
Environmental Leadership and Training Initiative: prov
technical support in reorestation and established a 10-hec
pilot rainorestation site
Various line agencies in the government support e
through training and technical assistance to livelih
diversication programs and community mobilization
Negros Oriental Wildlie Conservation Council: partner in
provincial government implementing wildlie conserva
initiatives
The Provinces o Negros Oriental and Occidental
The wide membership of our organization spanning two provinces allows us to implement
a range of reforestation activities to mitigate climate change. We created a fifteen-hectare
reforestation demonstration farm to serve as a model for the larger 1,000-hectare developmen
plan, to allow for community learning.
Apolinario Cario, Executive Director, PENAGMANNAK
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necting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better lie.
The Equator Initiative brings together the United Nations, governments, civil society, businesses and grassroots organizati
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FURTHER REFERENCE
PENAGMANNAK Photo Story (Vimeo) http://vimeo.com/15671941 (English) http://vimeo.com/15672062 (Cebuano)
Presentation on PENAGMANNAK (PowerPoint) www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/community_dor/documents/Pre
tations/Asia/PENAGMANNAKI_Philippines.ppt
http://vimeo.com/15671941http://vimeo.com/15671941http://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/com_winners/casestudy/case_1348151899.pdfhttp://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/com_winners/casestudy/case_1348164297.pdfhttp://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/com_winners/casestudy/case_1348163999.pdf