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Typology - History and Precedent Case Studies
Carmen Ferrer
History and Precedent Case Studies
2Typology - History & Precedent Case Studies
Table of Contents History of Physical Therapy and Hospitality 3-5
Case study 1 6-7
Case study 2 8-9
Case study 3 10-13
Assessment13
References 14
3Typology - History & Precedent Case Studies
Carmen Ferrer Week 3 Assignment 2IND 5626 | Professor K. Rothfield | Fall 201309/16/13
History and Precedent Studies
Historic Development of Physical Therapy
Early History
The history goes back to ancient Greek culture and Hippocrates’ influence as the father of
Western medicine.
After the 16th Century
By the 1500s – 1700s, in Europe the use of exercise was in progress for the treatment of
muscle and bone disorders and disabilities.
In the 1800s, exercise and muscle was reinterpreted and with new education these were
utilized for a variety of orthopedic diseases and injuries.
Since the 20th Century
By the 1917, the US joined World War I and the Army recognized the need of
rehabilitation services for soldiers that have been injured during battle. This resulted in
the development of 15 "reconstruction aide" training programs that responded to the need
of having medical workers with expertise in rehabilitation. The programs were created by
a special unit of the Army Medical Department, the Division of Special Hospitals and
Physical Reconstruction. Later on the profession was recognized as of physical therapy.
Physical therapy gains recognition and validation by the public in the 1920s.
In 1946 with the Hill Burton's Act increased in-hospital based practice for physical
therapists and so did its demand.
4Typology - History & Precedent Case Studies
The 1950s was a critical time for the profession in terms of gaining independence,
autonomy, and professionalism. By 1959, 45 states had regulations.
Since the 1950s physical therapists have found new opportunities and a few more options
to improve patient function with developments in interventions.
These professionals help individuals of all ages to have optimal functioning and quality
of life, meanwhile they also ensure the patient's safety and apply evidence-based
education to provide efficient and effective care.
Historic Development of Hospitality
Early History
It starts in ancient Greece where the guests' rights were established and accepted by the
different cultures of the Greek world.
In Ancient Rome, businessman used to travel, and these were also to be known as one of
the first culture that would travel for pleasure.
Middle Ages
By the Middle Ages hospitality was more about providing shelter, food, and safety to
travelers.
In the year 1282, in Florence the Innkeepers transformed hospitality into a business,
which spread to other cities like Rome.
After the 16th Century
The inns and taverns became popular among the nobility.
By the 18th century coffee houses were very popular In Europe, so it was incorporated in
the inns.
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The combination of Hospitality and Healthcare
For the past few years architects have tried to interconnect these two typologies with the
intentions of making the patient experience more appealing and comfortable.
The method is to provide guest-focused care and the design approach looks at the patient
as a guest.
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Precedent Study 1- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Centre PUR
Totality: The building is complete because the design has adequately addressed the functional
requirements related to the activities taking place.
Unity: The building appears to be cohesive, the use of subtle colors and the overall use of
windows throughout the building to the surroundings and natural elements makes it tie together.
Morphology: The building has a shape that is appropriate for the typology and that makes it
logical and functional.
Activities of the Space:
Classical physiotherapy Medical exercise therapy Massage Sale of training Sale of therapy utensils
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Thomas Plöckinger-Schatzl and his team have been on the business for a while, so they
decided to expand the services offered to more than just classical physiotherapy. On the process
of integrating the previous and the new services it was necessary to really think the about the
building of the facility. Schneider & Lengauer developed a space solution that integrates the
requirements and providing a simple, smooth and barrier-free organization of all the areas.
The designers took into consideration the safety of the users, they made the space
accessible and clean. The simply and functionally designed the therapy rooms which are
separated by an atrium, as are the sports and cardiac medicine training area. One of the intentions
was to provide the center with enough natural lighting and with views that had calming and
soothing properties to make the patients focus on their therapies.
Circulation Diagram
Private
Semi- Private
Public/ Common Areas
Adjacency Diagram
Therapy Lobby/ Rooms Reception
Outdoor/ Terrace
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Case Study 2- Rooftop Hospital Garden for Physical Therapy
Totality: The specific space is not
complete because the design
doesn't cater for every necessity
of the patient but on the other
hand it was recognized to be good
for the activities performed there.
Unity: The space was a good
design solution, it gave purpose to an uninhabitable space and it did it in a way that connects the
other parts of this hospital.
The name of the Garden is Rooftop Therapy Park. It is located two stories above the main
level, on the rooftop of the surgery center at Fort Sanders Regional Medical Center in Knoxville,
Tennessee. The eastern side of the garden provides the users with an obstructed view of the
downtown of the city. The garden was mainly created for the use of the rehabilitation center's
patients and healthcare professionals which is located two floors above to the east.
The rehabilitation center that is two levels above provides treatments including physical,
occupational, recreation, and speech therapy for patients. The rooftop garden was created with
the intentions of providing a rehabilitation setting for patients, a well-located outdoor option for
physical rehabilitation in addition to a unique space for visiting with family and friends.
When it comes to the design some of the things that are successful about this garden are:
the therapy walk for physical therapy, the Gazebo for group meetings and interaction, the ball
court for gaming and exercising, and in overall being an outdoor green area to escape to. Some
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of the things that did not work for this design were: the limited access and the visibility from
other points of the hospital, no using a proper signage system for the wayfinding, and the lack of
private and comfortable seating. It was a good concept overall but it wasn't properly executed.
Activities of the space:
-Physical rehabilitation
-A place to visit with
family and friends
-Horticulture therapy
-Basketball gaming
- Therapy walk
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Seating
Gaming
Private
Semi - Private Groups
Public Therapy Walk
Horticulture
Playground
Case Study 3- Palafito del Mar Hotel
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Totality: The building is complete, the design is exquisite and appropriate for the typology.
Unity: The design elements of this Boutique hotel are sleek and minimalist. Every aspect of the
design is interconnected and well executed. Is a warm space, very natural and easy to move
around for the size of the building and for the simplicity of the wayfinding.
Morphology: For this building the morphology is so out of the ordinary that it goes perfect with
the concept, with the site and with the demographics of the area.
This Boutique hotel is designed by Eugenio Ortuzar and Tana Gebauer. It is located in
Chiloe, an island of Chile. The idea was to revitalize a degraded neighborhood creating locations
that could be targeted by tourism. The site is spectacular, is the waterfront, so the building
merges with the sea, giving great views and restorative qualities to the space. This restoration
qualities are not only good to the users but also to the community.
The building has an approximate of 380 square meters. The hotel has a central circulation
that falls under a skylight. It features a living room that makes the experience homey like
because of the warmth of the materials and the seating layouts.
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First Level Floorplan
Reception Living room
Guestrooms
Breakfast
Private
Semi-Private
Public/ Common Areas
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Second Level Floorplan
Stairs Stairs
Guestrooms
Terrace
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Image of the living room.
Assessment
Overall the findings of these case studies about the typologies that I am using suggest that
there should always be provided different types of spaces when it come to privacy. The users
should be provided with private, semi-private, and public accommodations, so at all times they
can feel some level of comfort when performing the activities they would like or that they have
to do. Mainly the circulation used for the three case studies were axial and central, which it
makes evident that complicated floor plans are not a necessity, something simple for the way
finding is the best solution. Adjacency is always a key player when space planning, so it is
important to create the correspondent adjacencies in order to facilitate the users the wayfinding.
15Typology - History & Precedent Case Studies
References
Davis, B. (2011). Rooftop hospital garden for physical therapy: a post occupancy evaluation. Health Environments Research and Design Journal, 4(3), 14-43.
http://www.network-synergy.com/news/the-history-of-physical-therapy.aspx
http://hospitalityarticles.blogspot.com/2011/07/history-of-hospitality-industry.html
http://www.healthcaredesignmagazine.com/article/hospitality-meets-healthcare
http://www.archdaily.com/265641/physiotherapy-and-rehabilitation-centre-pur-schneider-lengauer/
http://www.archdaily.com/395716/palafito-del-mar-hotel-eugenio-ortuzar-tania-gebauer/