CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

What are carbohydrates?What are carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are one of the main Carbohydrates are one of the main types of food. types of food.

Your liver breaks down Your liver breaks down carbohydrates into glucose (blood carbohydrates into glucose (blood sugar). sugar).

Your body uses this sugar for energy Your body uses this sugar for energy for your cells, tissues and organs.for your cells, tissues and organs.

KindsKindssimple simple also called also called sugarssugars. .

They taste sweet and They taste sweet and are found in soda, are found in soda, cookies, candy, and cookies, candy, and other sugary foods other sugary foods

get simple get simple carbohydrates from carbohydrates from fruits, milk products fruits, milk products and table sugar; and table sugar;

quickly digested and quickly digested and absorbedabsorbed

Products made with Products made with refined sugar provide refined sugar provide little nutrition. little nutrition.

ComplexComplex Complex Complex

carbohydrates include carbohydrates include whole grain breads whole grain breads and cereals, starchy and cereals, starchy vegetables and vegetables and legumes; legumes;

take longer to digest; take longer to digest; parts are indigestible parts are indigestible

Complex Complex carbohydrates and carbohydrates and some simple some simple carbohydrates provide carbohydrates provide vitamins, , minerals and and fiber. .

Simple CarbohydratesSimple Carbohydrates

Simple Simple carbohydrates are carbohydrates are more refined, are more refined, are usually found in usually found in foods with fewer foods with fewer nutrients, and tend nutrients, and tend to be less to be less satisfying and satisfying and more fattening.more fattening.

Some examples of Some examples of foods containing foods containing simple simple carbohydrates are:carbohydrates are:Table sugar Table sugar

Corn syrup Corn syrup Fruit juice Fruit juice Candy Candy Cake Cake Bread made with white flour Bread made with white flour Pasta made with white flour Pasta made with white flour Soda popSoda pop

All baked goods made with All baked goods made with white flour white flour

Most packaged cerealsMost packaged cereals

Complex CarbohydratesComplex Carbohydrates Water CressWater Cress Oat bran breadOat bran bread Apricots, DriedApricots, Dried ZucchiniZucchini OatmealOatmeal PearsPears AsparagusAsparagus Oat bran cerealOat bran cereal Navy beansNavy beans Garbanzo beansGarbanzo beans Brussels SproutsBrussels Sprouts CauliflowerCauliflower

SpinachSpinach Whole BarleyWhole Barley GrapefruitGrapefruit Turnip GreensTurnip Greens BuckwheatBuckwheat ApplesApples LettuceLettuce Buckwheat breadBuckwheat bread PrunesPrunes

PlumsArtichokesMuseliStrawberriesOkraWild riceOrangesCabbageBrown riceYams

Kidney beansKidney beans EggplantEggplant Soy milkSoy milk LentilsLentils OnionsOnions Whole meal spelt Whole meal spelt

breadbread Split peasSplit peas TomatoesTomatoes

CeleryCelery Multi-grain breadMulti-grain bread CarrotsCarrots CucumbersCucumbers Pinto beansPinto beans PotatoesPotatoes Dill PicklesDill Pickles Yogurt, low fatYogurt, low fat SoybeansSoybeans RadishesRadishes Skim milkSkim milk LentilsLentils BroccoliBroccoli

Whole grainWhole grain

link to whole grain informationlink to whole grain information

http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/whole-grains/NU00204/METHOD=print

http://www.ific.org/publications/http://www.ific.org/publications/factsheets/wholegrainsfs.cfm?factsheets/wholegrainsfs.cfm?renderforprint=1#Definition%20andrenderforprint=1#Definition%20and%20Intake%20of%20Whole%20Intake%20of%20Whole%20Grains%20Grains

What chemicals make up What chemicals make up carbohydrates?carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates consist of the elements carbon Carbohydrates consist of the elements carbon ((CC), hydrogen (), hydrogen (HH) and oxygen () and oxygen (OO))

ratio of hydrogen twice that of carbon and oxygenratio of hydrogen twice that of carbon and oxygen Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, cellulose Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, cellulose

and many other compounds found in living and many other compounds found in living organisms. organisms.

simple sugars or simple sugars or monosaccharidesmonosaccharides. These simple . These simple sugars can combine with each other to form more sugars can combine with each other to form more complex carbohydrates.complex carbohydrates.

combination of two simple sugars is a combination of two simple sugars is a disaccharidedisaccharide..

Carbohydrates consisting of two to ten simple Carbohydrates consisting of two to ten simple sugars are called sugars are called oligosaccharidesoligosaccharides, and those , and those with a larger number are called with a larger number are called polysaccharidespolysaccharides..

Carbohydrate structureCarbohydrate structure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

            

Cellulose

cellulose

AgarAgar

                              

Agarobiose is the repeating disaccharide unit in agar.

What does it mean to be an organic What does it mean to be an organic molecule?molecule?

Organic molecules are those that: 1) Organic molecules are those that: 1) formed by the actions of living formed by the actions of living things; and/or 2) have a carbon things; and/or 2) have a carbon backbone backbone

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html#Organic%20molecules link to structures of organic link to structures of organic moleculesmolecules

                                   

                                          

                                   

                                          

Fructose a simple sugar that occurs naturally in foods

gives fruits their sweet taste

Crystalline fructose obtained from processing corn or sugar

used in food and beverages as a nutritive sweetener

roughly 1.2 times the sweetness of table sugar in most food applications.

Fructose (cont’d)Fructose (cont’d)

crystalline fructose boosts sweetness, cake height (in baked goods) and

mouth-feel of foods and beverages it produces a pleasing brown surface

color and pleasant aroma when baking has a low Glycemic Index which is

useful in formulating foods with a low Glycemic Load (for diabetic foods, for example)

GlucoseGlucose

SucroseSucrose

How is the organic molecule How is the organic molecule term different from another term different from another meaning of organic which we meaning of organic which we associate with food?associate with food?

How could it be How could it be similar?(where do similar?(where do you think the term you think the term came from)came from)

ReferencesReferences

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/carbohydrates.html#cat10carbohydrates.html#cat10

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html#OrganicBioBookCHEM2.html#Organic%20molecules%20molecules

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose http://www.eatright.org/ada/files/http://www.eatright.org/ada/files/

FRUCTOSE.pdf FRUCTOSE.pdf