canalis busbar trunking systems in exhibition centres

Canalis® busbar trunking systems inexhibition centres

Technical application specifications

Technical collection

KD0C00CTAFEEN 3


Contents

Introduction 4Definition 5Operatingmodeandrelatedneeds 5Exampleofaninternational-typeexhibitioncentre 5

Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands General principle 6Architectureoftypicaldistribution 6Standoutgoingfeeders:standardandspecialwiring 8Financialoptimizationofsolutions 10Protectionchoices 12Billingenergyandmetering 14Typical solutions 15Introduction 15TypicalsolutionA:Distributionthroughtheceiling 16MainandsecondarydistributionusingBTS 17

TypicalsolutionB1:Mixeddistribution 18MaindistributionusingBTSthroughtheceiling+floor-standingenclosures 19

TypicalsolutionB2:Mixeddistribution 20MaindistributionusingBTS+floor-standingenclosuresandboxeswithpowersockets 21

TypicalsolutionC:Distributionthroughthefloor 22DistributionusingBTSincableducts 23

TypicalsolutionD1:Distributionthroughthefloor 24MaindistributionusingBTSingalleries+mobilelinksincableducts 25

TypicalsolutionD2:Distributionthroughthefloor 26MaindistributionusingBTSingalleries+floor-standingboxeswithpowersockets 27

TypicalsolutionD3:Distributionthroughthefloor 28MaindistributioningalleriesandsecondarydistributionusingBTSincableducts 29

Managingthedistributionofelectricitytostands 32Control-monitoringsystemusingbus 32

Installation linked to lighting distribution and management 34Needsandoperatingmodes 34Lightinginstallation 35LightingmanagementusingDALI 37

Appendix 39Appendix1:Financialoptimisationofsolutions 39Methodologyandexamplefordeterminingtheratingforstandardloads 39

References 42Canalisinstallationsontheexhibitgrounds 42

KD0C00CTAFEEN4


Introduction

Typical organisation of an exhibition hall

Exhibition hall

WalkwayIsland(orstandzone)

Walkw

ayA

Walkw

ayB

Walkw

ayC

Walkw

ayD

Access

KD0C00CTAFEEN 5


Introduction

Definition b Exhibitioncentresarestructureswithvariablesurfaceareasthatwecandivideinto3categories:v Regionalexhibitioncentreswithindoorfloorspace<20,000m2

v Nationalexhibitioncentreswithindoorfloorspace<100,000m2

v Internationalexhibitioncentreswithindoorfloorspace>100,000m2

b An"exhibitioncentre"generallyincludesseveralbuildings,eachofwhichcanbedividedintohalls.Theseindoorareasareoftensupplementedwithoutdoorareas,whicharealsousedforsomeexhibitions,especiallyexhibitionsinvolvingheavy-dutyequipmentsuchasmachinesandmaterialsusedforconstructionwork.b Thebuildingshaveasimplestructureandare,moreoftenthennot,builtononelevelwithfreefloorspacetoallowforstandstobeeasilysetup.

Operating mode and related needsUpgradeability and flexibilityEachnewexhibitionseesthecreationofanewtownwhichisdifferentfromthepreviousone,atownwhichlivesbrieflyandintensivelyandthendisappears.Itisthereforeessentialthatthesolutionssetupforexhibitorsareupgradeableandflexibleinordertodealwiththisvarietyofsituationsandthecontinuousmodificationswhichtakeplace.

Easy to operateUpgradeabilityandflexibilitymustnotbeobtainedattheexpenseofsimplicity.Easyoperationmeansthat:b "deadtime"betweenexhibitions,whenthestandsaredismantledandinstalled,isreduced,b exhibitorscanbeofferedqualityserviceatalowercost.

Safety, continuity of supply and compliance with standardsExhibitionhallsare,bydefinition,buildingswhichareopentothepublic.Safetyandelectricitycontinuityofelectricalsupplyarethereforefundamental.Thisisensuredthroughcompliancewithstandards,internationalstandardssuchasIEC364and/ornationalstandardswhichcoverbuildings’electricalinstallations,whichmaybesupplementedwithspecialtextsdealingwiththistypeofpremises,forexampletheBOPregulation"protectionagainstfireandpanicrisksinbuildingsopentothepublic"forFrance.

VersatilityConcernaboutmaximisingthepremises’occupancyrateleadsoperatingcompaniestoaccommodateotheractivities(culturalandsportingevents,conferences,exams,etc.)inadditiontotheirmainfunctionoforganisingandaccommodatingfairsandexhibitions.Thisversatilitymustbetakenintoaccountwhenthepremisesarebeingdesigned.

Example of an international-type exhibition centre"Paris-NordVillepinte"exhibitioncentre:b indoorfloorspace:160,000m2,b numberofhalls:6,b 40fairsperyear,b 16,500exhibitorsperyear,b 1,000,000visitorsperyear.

Inordertomeetalloftheseexpectations,SchneideroffersglobalsolutionsbasedontheconceptofdecentraliseddistributionusingBTS(BusbarTrunkingSystem).

KD0C00CTAFEEN6


Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands General principle

Architecture of typical distribution

*BTS: Busbar Trunking System

Permanentfixedinstallation

Temporarymobileinstallation

StandInstallation

StandFeeder

MobileLink

Exhibitor’stap-offunit

Operator’sresponsibility

Exhibitor’sresponsibility

Maindistribution(BTS)* Secondary

distribution(BTS)*

KD0C00CTAFEEN 7



Whateverthetypeofsolutionisusedforthedistributionofelectricitytostands,theinstallationstructurehas2differentparts(seepreviousfigure):

Fixed permanent installationThefixedpartoftheinstallationensuresthedistributionofenergyascloseaspossibletowhereitisneeded(supplyingexhibitor’sstands).Itmustbesizedtomeetthevarioussituationswhichcouldarisedependingontheexhibitiontype.

b standfloorspace:10to400m2ormoreb densityofconnections:5to100for1,000m2

b mediumpower:20to150W/m2

b powerperstand:2kWto250kW.

Thefixedpartoftheinstallationincludesmaindistributionsupplemented,dependingonthesolutionssetup,withsecondarydistribution.Bothmaindistributionandsecondarydistributionarecarriedoutusingprefabricatedbusbartrunking.

Temporary mobile installationThemobileinstallationallowsfortheexhibitor’sstandtobeconnectedtothefixedmainorsecondarydistribution.Allorpartofthissystemisthereforereconfiguredbetweenexhibitions.Inordertosimplifythisreconfiguration,mobilelinksmustbeofaminimumlength.

Thisminimumlengthalsomeansthat:b voltagedropscanbereduced,b protectionagainstindirectcontactthroughtheTNSneutralpointconnectioncanbeensuredthankstothecontrolofthefaultloopimpedance.

Thelengthofthiscablingisdirectlydependentonthedensityofthefixeddistributionnetwork.

Theconnectionleadstoanexhibitor’sunitfixedtothestand.Thisunitdefinestheboundarybetweentheinstallationwhichistheresponsibilityoftheoperatingcompanyandthatwhichistheresponsiblilityoftheexhibitor.

Theunitcontainsprotectionusingacircuitbreakerequippedwitharesidualcurrentdevice:b Inratedcircuitbreakerdependingonthepowerrequestedbytheexhibitor.b IΔncircuitbreakeradaptedtothestand’sinstallation:v 30mAhighsensitivityforsmallstands,v 300mAormorelowtime-delayedsensitivity,forlargestands.

Itisuptotheexhibitortosupplementthesystemwiththeappropriateprotection.

Inordertoguaranteethatthesolutionssetupcomplywithinstallationrules,theoperatinglimits,aswellasthetechnicaldataforthedifferentpartsusedinthetemporarymobileinstallationmustbeclearlydefined:b Typeandratingoftheprotection.b Min.cross-sectionandmax.lengthofcablesusedformobilelinks.

KD0C00CTAFEEN8



Stand out going feeders: standard and special out going feedersWhetherthe"standfeeder"belongstothefixedinstallationormobileinstallationdependsonthesolutionused.

Out going feeders connected to the fixed installation

Severaloutgoingfeedersaregroupedtogetherinoneenclosure.Thisenclosureiseitherlocatedonthehallfloor,orintheadjoiningpremises(technicalgaleryinthehallbasementforexample).Thecablingofthemobilelinkiscarriedoutthroughpowersockets.Thesesocketsaresituatedonthesamelevelastheenclosureormovedascloseaspossibletothestandsin"floorsocketboxes"inbeddedintheflooring.Forcurrents≥32A,thesesocketsshouldbeofthetypewithabuilt-inswitchallowingforabreakincurrentonload.Supplyingthestandswithcurrentfrompowersocketsisasolutionforthevastmajorityofcasesatdifferentexhibitions.Asolutionfor"specialoutgoingfeeders",aimedatsupplyingcurrenttohighpowerstands,isnecessarytosupplementthese"standardoutgoingfeeders".Thebest-adaptedsolutiontomeetthisneedconsistsinsupplyingthe"standardoutgoingfeeder"unitsusingprefabricatedbusbartrunking.The"specialoutgoingfeeders"arethereforesetupwithtap-offunitswhichcanbedirectlypluggedintothebusbartrunking.

Seechapter3fortypicalsolutionsB1,B2andD2,wherestandardoutgoingfeedersareincludedinthefixedinstallation.

MaindistributionusingBTS

BTSunit

Fixedoutgoingfeederenclosures

Mobilelinkstoexhibitor’sstand

Remote"floorsocketboxes"

Mobilelink

Specialoutgoingfeeders

Standardoutgoingfeeders

KD0C00CTAFEEN 9



Out going feeders connected to the mobile installation

Thistypeofoutgoingfeederisbasedonunitswhichcanbepluggeddirectlyintotheprefabricatedbusbartrunking.Thissolutionisthereforeveryflexiblesincethepoweranddensityofeachoutgoingfeedercanbeadaptedtotherealneedsofeachexhibition.Nevertheless,itispreferabletodefineaunitratingfor"standardoutgoingfeeders"inordertominimisethevarietyofunits,thecorrespondingamountofstockandhandlingtimebetweeneachexhibition.Someofthese"standardoutgoingfeeder"unitsarepreinstalledonthebusbartrunking.

Seechapter3fortypicalsolutionsA,C,D1andD3,wherethestandardoutgoingfeedersarepartofthemobileinstallation.

MaindistributionusingBTS

Specialoutgoingfeeders


SecondarydistributionusingBTS


KD0C00CTAFEEN10



Financial optimisation of solutionsWhateverthesolutionchosen,whetheritbestandoutgoingfeedersattachedtothefixedormobileinstallation,thechoiceswhichdefinethedensityanddimensionsintermsofratingofthestandardoutgoingfeedersareessentialtominimisethetotalcostoftheinstallation.

Total cost = Investment cost + Operating cost

Density of standard out going feedersThedistributionofstandardoutgoingfeedersisuniformforthewholehallandtheirdensityisdetermineddependingonthedensityplannedfortheexhibitor’sstands.

Out going feeders connected to the fixed installationThestands’maximumdensityistakenintoaccount.E.g.:Minimumsizeofastandis3mx3m,or1standardoutgoingfeeder/9m2.

Out going feeders connected to the mobile installation, units on prefabricated busbar trunkingTheirdensityisdeterminedaccordingtothestands’averagefloorspace.E.g.:Minimumsizeofastandis3mx3m,buttheaveragefloorspaceis30m2,or1unitinstalled/30m2.

Ateachexhibition,theyaresupplementedeitherwithstandardtap-offunitsorspecialunitswithahigherrating.Thissolutionthereforemeansthatthenumberofunits,bothunitsinstalledandunitsinstock,andtheinvestmentcostsinvolved,canbereduced.

Determining the rating of standard out going feedersTotal cost of an operating cycle

Under-ratingstandardoutgoingfeedersminimisesinvestment,giventhatexpenditureontheunitsisreduced,butincreasestheamountofspecialcablingandthusincreasingoperatingcostsresultingfromthenumerouschangeswhichneedtobemadeforeachexhibition.Ontheotherhand,over-ratingmaximisesinvestmentwithoutthisnecessarilyleadingtoareductioninoperatingcosts.

Financialanalysiscarriedoutonthebasisoftheprevisionaldatafortheoperationofpremisesallowsfortheoptimumdensityandratingofstandardoutgoingfeederscanbedetermined.Anexampleofthisfinancialanalysisisavailableinappendix1:b Financialoptimizationofsolutions.b Methodologyandexamplefordeterminingtheratingofstandardoutgoingfeeders.

Totalcost

Investmentcost

Operatingcost

Ratingofstandardfeeder

Totalcostofanoperatingcycle

Outgoingfeederrating

2kW 250kW

Minimumcost

KD0C00CTAFEEN 11



Chaining stand tap-off units for low power out going feedersChaining

Smallstandswhichdonotneedalargeamountofpoweraregenerallygroupedinzones,whichthereforegivesthemahighdensity.Inordertolimitthenumberofstandardoutgoingfeedersandmobileconnections,exhibitor’sunitsareconnectedinachain.Astandard3Ph+Noutgoingfeederthussupplies3standsinsingle-phase.

Exhibitors’units

Mainorsecondarydistribution(KSorKN)

KD0C00CTAFEEN12



Choice of protectionProtection

Discrimination, overload and short-circuit

Discrimination(overloadandS.C)

Ipsc(Presumedshort-circuitcurrent)

If(Faultcurrent)

Standoutgoingfeeder

Mobilelink

Exhibitor’sunit

(KN)TNS TT

(A)

(B)

I∆n(B) I∆n(B)

(A)

(B)

I∆n(A)

KD0C00CTAFEEN 13



Therespectivetypesandratingsoftheprotection(A)oftheconnectionandofthecircuitbreaker(B)mustensurethefollowing:

Circuit breaker (A)b Protectthelinkagainstshort-circuits.b Ensureprotectionagainstindirectcontactinaccordeancewiththeearthingsystemdecideduponfortheinstallation.

TNS neutral point connection

Irm (A) < If

ThehighertheId,theeasieritistorespectthiscondition.Iddependsontheimpedanceofthefaultloopor:b theupstreamshort-circuitlevelIpsc.ThedistributedsolutionusingBTSisthemostappropriateformeetingthisconditiongivenitslowPh-PEimpedance.b thecontrolofthetemporarymobilelink’sPh-PEimpedanceandthereforeitsminimumlengthand/orlargecross-section.Ifthisconditionisnotmet,thecircuitbreaker(A)shouldbeequippedwithanRCD(Residualcurrentdevice).

TT neutral point connectionProtectionagainstindirectcontactisensuredbyanRCDcombinedwithacircuitbreaker(A).

Circuit breakers (A) and (B)b Toguaranteediscrimination(overloadandshort-circuit)betweencircuitbreakersAandB.Inthecaseofafaultoroverloadonthestand,onlycircuitbreaker(B)isaccessiblebytheexhibitorandcircuitbreaker(A)canonlyberesetbytheoperator.

TT neutral point connectionDiscriminationbetweenRCDsmustalsobeensuredaswellasthecircuitbreakers’overloadandshort-circuitdiscrimination.Thisiscarriedoutthroughcompliancewiththefollowing2rules:b current-sensingdiscrimination:I∆n(A)>2xI∆n(B)(upstreamRCD(A)settingthreshold>2timeslargerthandownstreamRCD(B)settingthreshold),b timeddiscrimination:Tnf(A)>Ttc(B)(upstreamRCD(A)non-trippingtime>downstreamRCD(B)breakingtime).

ForMerlinGerincircuitbreakers,thisconditionismetbyusingsuccessivebandswhichguaranteethetimeddiscriminationbetweenthem.Band0(instantaneous)–bandI–bandII.

KD0C00CTAFEEN14



Billing energy and meteringTheamountforwhichtheexhibitorisbilledincludestheenergyconsumedaswellasthecontractpriceforelectricalconnectiontothestand(connectionanddisconnection).

Thesystemwhichallowsthemeasurementofconsumptionaswellasitsadministrativemanagementshouldbe:b economicalininvestmenttermsaswellasintermsofoperatingandadministrativecostsb flexiblebecauseiftheexhibitorhasunder-estimatedthepowerneeded,theoutgoingfeederratingneedstobeincreasedwithouthavingtointerveneonthemobilesection,whichisinaccessibleduringoperation.

Thereare3possiblesolutions:b Billinginrealtermsforthepowerconsumed.Thischoiceinvolvesplacingameteroneachoutgoingfeeder,readingdataonthemeterattheendoftheexhibitionandthecorrespondingbilling.Thissolutionisthereforeveryheavy,bothintermsofinvestmentandoperation.Itisthusonlyjustifiedforhighpowerconnections.b Billingonthebasisofacontracttariffwhichincludesseveralpricebracketsdeterminedaccordingtothepoweroftheconnections.Thesebracketsaredividedintotwopossibilitiesofferedtotheexhibitor:apermanentconnection(thestandissupplied24hoursaday)oranon-permanentconnection(thestandisonlysuppliedwhenopentothepublic).Thistypeofbillingissimpleandisparticularlyusefulforsmall,"regionalcentre"typesites,wherethepowerofconnectionsislimited.b Mixedsolution:Amixedsolution,whichisbettersuitedtohighpowerconnections,ispreferableforlargersites.Thisrepresentsacompromisebetweenthetwoprecedingsolutions:v contractbillingisreservedforlowpowerconnections,v billinginrealtermsisusedforhigherpowerconnections.

An example of the set up is available in chapter 3, "Distribution management" (page 32).

KD0C00CTAFEEN 15


Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions

IntroductionThemostcommonsolutionsusedforthedistributionofelectricitytostands(pages16to31)aswellasacontrol-monitoringsystemformanagingthedistribution(pages32and33)arepresentedinthischapter.

The choice of the best-suited solution depends on:b The building type–thefloorspaceinthehalls,ground-floorhalloronaparticularfloor,etc.b The type of exhibitions which will be organised–thestands’floorspace,themaximumamountofstandswhichcanbesetup,poweroftheconnectionsandtotalpowerneeded,otheramenitiesdistributed,etc.b The other activities which could be accommodated.

Thetablebelowprovidesanoverviewofthetypicalsolutionspresented.

Typicalsolution

Description Hall floor space Pav/m2

Infrastructures

Ap.16

Distribution through the ceilingMainandsecondarydistributionusingBTS

2,000 to 4,000 m2

≤50W/m2Nospecialinfrastructures

B1p.18

Mixed distributionMaindistributionusingBTSthroughtheceiling+floor-standingenclosures

3,000 to 5,000 m2


B2p.20

Mixed distributionMaindistributionusingBTSthroughtheceiling+floor-standingenclosuresandboxeswithpowersocket

4,000 to 8,000 m2


Cp.22

Distribution through the floorDistributionusingBTSinfloorserviceducts

4,000 to 6,000 m2

≤80W/m2Floorserviceducts

D1p.24

Distribution through the floorMaindistributionusingBTSingalleries+mobilelinksinfloorserviceducts

6,000 to 10,000 m2

≤120W/m2Gallery+floorserviceducts

D2p.26

Distribution through the floorMaindistributionusingBTSingalleries+floor-standingboxeswithpowersockets

8,000 to 12,000 m2


D3p.28

Distribution through the ceilingMaindistributioningalleriesandsecondarydistributionusingBTSinfloorserviceducts

8,000 to 12,000 m2


KD0C00CTAFEEN16



Typical solution A: Distribution through the ceilingMain and secondary distributions using BTS

Fixed installation:1 Main distribution KS BTS2 Secondary distribution KN BTS

Mobile installation:3 Standard out going feeder on KN4 Special out going feeder on KS5 Chaining

Main distribution KS BTS

Secondary distribution KN BTS

KD0C00CTAFEEN 17



BTS main and secondary distributionsDescriptionFixed installation2distributionlevelsmeansthattheentirehallcanbecovered:b Maindistributionsetupusingmedium-powerKSA250Aor400Abusbartrunking.Thisbusbartrunkingisusuallysetuparoundthehall’sperimeter.b SecondarydistributionsetupwithlowpowerKNA63Aor100Abusbartrunking.Thisbusbartrunkingissetupoverthestandareasandfixedtothebuilding’sframework.

Mobile installationStandoutgoingfeedersareunitswhichcanbepluggedintoCanalisruns.Standard out going feedershavearatingof1x16A+N(3kW)or3x16A+N(9kW)andcanbechainedtosupply3stands.Special out going feedersareforpower≤to20kWsuppliedfromKNCanalisrunsandKN3x32A+N(18kW)units.Forhigherpower,theseoutgoingfeedersaredirectlyconnectedontothemainKSAdistribution.TworatingsofKSA(3x63A+Nand3x125A+N)unitsaregenerallyenoughtomeettheneedsofspecialhighpowerconnections.

Example: b Hallsize:100mx30m(Lxl)or3,000m2.b Max.power:40W/m2or120kWforthewholehall.b Standfloorspace:min.9m2(3mx3m),average20m2.b Maindistribution:1KSA250Arun.b Secondarydistribution:10KNrunswitharatingof63A,withafixingcentreof9mbetweeneachrun.Thisdistancecorrespondsto2back-to-backstands(6m)plusthewidthofawalkway(3m).

ThemaximumfusingcoefficientbetweenKNrunsis0.35.

Advantages and disadvantagesb Thissolutionissimpleandeconomical.Theothernetworks,amenitiesandweakcurrentssuchascompressedairandthetelephonearedistributedinasimilarwaytoelectricalpower.Thissolution,whichdoesnotneedaspecialinfrastructure,issuitableforground-floorhallsaswellashallsonspecificfloors.b Theheightofthesecondarydistributionnetworkislimitedto4to5metrestomakeiteasiertoaccesstheunits,whichrulesthissolutionoutforhallswithveryhighceilings.Thisisoftenthecasewhenhallsarealsousedassportsgrounds.SolutionsB1andB2arepreferableinthiscase.b Ifadistributionnetworkfordrinkingwaterandanetworktodrainwastewaterarenecessary,theymustbedealtwithseparatelyandarethereforeintegratedintothehallflooring.

Thissolutionisbestsuitedtoregional-typeexhibitioncentreswithhallfloorspaceofbetween2,000and4,000m2anddistributedpower≤50W/m2.

KD0C00CTAFEEN18



Typical solution B1: Mixed distributionMain distribution using BTS through the ceiling + floor-standing enclosures

Fixed installation:1 Main distribution KS BTS2 Floor-standing enclosure

Mobile installation:3 Standard out going feeder from

the enclosure4 Special out going feeder on KS5 Chaining

Main distribution (KS BTS)

Floor-connection units

KD0C00CTAFEEN 19



Main distribution using BTS through the ceiling + floor-standing enclosuresDescriptionFixed installationThefixedpartoftheelectricaldistributionincludes:b MaindistributioncarriedoutwithmediumpowerKSA250Ato630Abusbartrunking.Thisbusbartrunkingisgenerallysetuparoundthehall.b Enclosureswhichareconnectedtothemaindistributionandsetupinthefloor.Theseenclosuresareequippedwithprotectionsandpowersocketsforsupplyingstandard out going feeders.Eachenclosuresupplies8to12outgoingfeeders.Alloftheseoutgoingfeedershavethesamerating,3x25A+Nto3x63A+N,dependingontheindividualcaseinquestion.Iftheratingoftheoutgoingfeedersishigherthan32A,thesocketsshouldbeofthebuilt-inswitchtypeandshouldallowtheoutgoingfeedertobeswitchedoffonload.

Mobile installationChainingissystematicallyusedforthecablingoflowpowerstandsinordertominimisethenumberofstandard out going feedersandthereforethenumberofenclosures.Special out going feedersaredirectlyconnectedtothemainKSAdistributioninthecaseofpowerwhichishigherthantheratingofthestandardoutgoingfeeders.

Example: b Hallsize:80mx50m(Lxl)or4,000m2.b Max.power:80W/m2or320kWforthewholehall.b Standfloorspace:min.9m2(3mx3m),average30m2.b Maindistribution:2KSA400Arunsofalengthof80msetuponbothsidesofthehall.b Floor-connectionunits:eight125AunitsperKSAruntosupplytheenclosureswithten3x25A+Noutgoingfeedersperenclosure.

Thatis,atotalof16floor-connectionunitsand16x10=160socketsavailableforstandardconnection,thusadensityof1socket/25m2.Thismeansthat,giventhepossibilityofchaining,whichallowsupto3smallstandstobeconnectedpersocket,themostdifficultcase,whereazoneonlyincludesstandswithaminimumsurfaceareaof9m2,canbedealtwith.

Advantages and disadvantagesb WhentheBTSandtheenclosuresaresetuparoundthehall,itcanbeusedasasportsgroundasindicatedwithtypicalsolutionAwithoutanyproblems.b Dependingonthehall’sfloorspaceandthedensityoftheenclosures,themobilelinksmaybelong.Thesettingup,layingandremovalofthetemporarymobileinstallationateachexhibitioncanthenbecomeadifficultoperation.

Thissolutionisbestsuitedtoregionalandnationaltypeexhibitioncentreswithhallfloorspacebetween3,000and5,000m2anddistributedpower≤80W/m2.Itisalsoadaptedforhallslocatedonparticularfloors.

KD0C00CTAFEEN20



Typical solution B2: Mixed distributionMain distribution using BTS through the ceiling + enclosure + floor-standing boxes with power sockets

Fixed installation:1 KT/KS BTS2 Floor-standing enclosure3 Cable in tubing4 Floor power socket boxes

Mobile installation:5 Standard out going feeder on socket6 Special out going feeder on KS7 Chaining

Main distribution (KT/KS BTS)

Enclosures

Floor power socket boxes

KD0C00CTAFEEN 21



Main distribution using BTS + floor-standing enclosures and boxes with power socketsDescriptionFixed installationThefixedpartoftheelectricaldistributionincludes:b MaindistributionsetupwithmediumpowerKSA400Ato800AorhighpowerKTA1000Ato1600Abusbartrunking.Thisbusbartrunkingisgenerallysetuparoundthehall’sperimeter.b Enclosuresconnectedtothemaindistributionandsetupinthefloor.Theseenclosuresareequippedwithprotectionsforstandardoutgoingfeederssupply.b Floor-standingboxes,distributedthroughoutthehallandequippedwithpowersockets,with2to4powersocketsperbox.Alloftheseoutgoingfeedershavethesamerating,between3x25A+Nand3x63A+Ndependingonthecaseinquestion.Theenclosuresandboxesarelinkedbycableintubingimbeddedintotheflooring.Eachenclosuresupplies4to8boxesorsome20powersockets.

Temporary mobile installationChainingissystematicallyusedforthecablingoflowpowerstandsinordertominimisethenumberofstandardoutgoingfeedersandthereforethenumberofenclosures.SpecialoutgoingfeedersaredirectlyconnectedtothemainKSAorKTdistributionwhenthepowerishigherthantheratingofstandardoutgoingfeeders.

Example: b Hallsize:100mx60m(Lxl)or6,000m2.b Max.power:120W/m2or720kWforthewholehall.b Standfloorspace:min.9m2(3mx3m),average40m2.b Maindistribution:twoKSA800Arunsofalengthof100msetuponbothsidesofthehall.b Enclosures:five250AunitsperKSAruntosupplytheenclosures,twentyfour3x45A+Noutgoingfeedersperenclosurefor6floorstanding,4-socketboxeswithalaminationcoefficientof0.2.

Thatis,atotalof10enclosuresand24x10=240socketsavailableforstandardconnections,thusadensityof1socket/25m2.Thismeansthat,giventhepossibilityofchaining,whichallowsupto3smallstandstobeconnectedpersocket,themostdifficultcases,whereazoneonlyincludesstandswithaminimumsurfaceareaof9m2,canbedealtwith.

Advantages and disadvantagesb ThissolutionissimilartosolutionB1.However,incorporatingfloor-standingboxeswithpowersocketsmeansthatstandardoutgoingfeederscanbeplacedclosertostandsandthereforelimitsthelengthofmobilecabling.b Alargernumberofoutgoingfeederscanbeconnectedtoeachenclosure,whichthereforereducesthenumberoftheseenclosuresandthespacethattheyoccupyonthefloor.b Mobilelinksremainlongforspecialoutgoingfeeders,especiallysincethistypeofstandisoftenplacedinthecentralpartofthehall.Thesolutionconsistsofreducingthequantityofspecialoutgoingfeedersbyincreasingtheratingofstandardoutgoingfeeders,asolutionwhichisquicklylimitedgiventheincreasedinvestmentwhichitentails.

Thissolution,whichisavariationonsolutionB1,isbestsuitedfornationalandinternationaltypeexhibitioncentreswithhallfloorspacebetween4,000and8,000m2anddistributedpower≤120W/m2.Itisalsoadaptedforhallslocatedonparticularfloors.

KD0C00CTAFEEN22



Typical solution C: Distribution through the floorMain distribution using BTS in-floor service ducts

A In-floor service duct

Fixed installation:1 Main distribution (KT/KS BTS)2 Secondary distribution (KS BTS)

Mobile installation:3 Standard out going feeder4 Special out going feeder5 Chaining

Distribution in in-floor service ducts (KS BTS)

In-floor service duct

KD0C00CTAFEEN 23



Main distribution using BTS sets in-floor service ductsDescriptionInfrastructuresIn-floorserviceductsaresetupthroughoutthehallwithacentredistanceof6to8m.

Fixed installationThefixedpartoftheelectricaldistributionincludesdistributionusingKSA160Ato400Amediumpowerbusbartrunkingsetupinthein-floorserviceductswiththeothernetworksdistributed(telephone,computer,cleanandwastewater,compressedair,etc.).ItisagoodideatohaveseveralratingsofKSAbusbartrunkinginordertoallowtheconnectionofspecialhigh-poweroutgoingfeeders(seeexamplebelow).Thisbusbartrunkingissuppliedeitherdirectlybycablefromtheswitchboard,orfrommainKTorKSbusbartrunkingraisedaroundthehall’sperimeter.

Temporary mobile installationStandoutgoingfeedersareunitswhichcanbepluggedintoKSACanalisruns.Standardoutgoingfeedershavearatingof3x16A+N(10kW)to3x32A+N(20kW)withthepossibilityofusingchainingtosupply3stands.Specialoutgoingfeedershavearatingof3x32A+N,3x63A+Nand3x125A+N.TheratingofthespecialunitsislimitedbytheratingoftheKSAbusbartrunkingaswellasthespaceavailableforinstallingitinthein-floorserviceduct.

Example: b Hallsize:100mx50m(Lxl)or5,000m2.b Max.power:80W/m2or400kWforthewholehall.b Standfloorspace:min.9m2(3mx3m),average30m2.b Maindistribution:1KSA800Arunofalengthof100m.b Secondarydistribution:17KSArunsofalengthof45msetupin-floorserviceductswithacentredistanceof6m,13runsofaratingof100Aand4runs,or1runoutof4ofaratingof250A.b Standardoutgoingfeeders:3x25A+Nunits,1unitisinstalledevery5m,oroneunitfor30m2,whichcorrespondstotheaveragesurfaceareaofthestands.Standsareeithersuppliedusingchainingbetweenexhibitors’unitsorbycompletingtheexistingunitswithadditionalunitsinhigh-densityzones.Theratingoftheseunitscanthenbelimitedto1x25A+N.

Advantages and disadvantagesb Thedensityofsecondarydistributionreducesthelengthoftemporarymobilecabling.TheflexibilitybroughtbydecentraliseddistributionusingBTSmeansthatthebestsolutioncanbefoundforthedifferentsituationsencountered,suchashighdensityofsmallstandsandhighpowerconnections,whileminimisinginvestment.b Discriminationbetweenprotectionofthestandoutgoingfeedersandtheexhibitor’sunit(seepages12and13)ismandatorygiventhedifficultyofaccessingin-floorserviceductsduringexhibitions.Thelimitofthissolutiondependsonthemaximumlengthallowedforthein-floorserviceducts,alimitwhichislinkedinparticulartothewaste-water-drainingnetwork.

Thissolutionisbestsuitedtoregionalandnationaltypeexhibitioncentreswithhallfloorspacebetween4,000and6,000m2anddistributedpower≤80W/m2.

KD0C00CTAFEEN24



Typical solutions D1: Distribution through the floorMain distribution using BTS in galleries, mobile links in-floor service ducts

A GalleryB In-floor service duct

Fixed installation:1 Main distribution (KS BTS)

Mobile installation:2 Mobile link using cable in-floor service duct3 Standard out going feeder4 Chaining

Main distribution (KT/KS BTS)


Gallery

KD0C00CTAFEEN 25



Main distribution using BTS in galleries + mobile links in in-floor service ductsDescriptionInfrastructuresTechnicalgalleriesarelocatedinthehall’sbasementandaresupplementedwithanetworkofin-floorserviceductssituatedonbothsidesofthegalleries(withacableductcentredistanceof6to8mandlengthof15to25m).Galleriesandin-floorserviceductsareusedforthedistributionofalloftheamenities.

Fixed installationThefixedpartoftheelectricaldistributionincludesmaindistributioncarriedoutthroughmediumorhighpowerKSAorKTABTSwitharatingof800Ato1,200Asetupingalleries.Whenthepossibilitiesofpermanentconnection(standssupplied24hoursaday)andnonpermanentconnection(supplyonlyduringopeninghourstothepublic),areofferedtotheexhibitor,thismaindistributionisdividedintotwo.Twoparallelbusbartrunkingsareinstalledinthegalleryandtheonewhichisreservedfornon-permanentconnectionsiscontrolledaccordingtothesite’sopeninghoursbytheBMS.

Temporary mobile installationStandoutgoingfeedersareunitswhichcanbepluggedintoKSAorKTACanalisruns.Standardoutgoingfeedershavearatingof3x32A+Nto3x63A+N.Specialoutgoingfeedershavearatingof3x63A+Nand3x250A+N.Themobilelinkstoexhibitors’unitsaresetupusingcable.Theyareinstalledin-floorserviceductsjustnearthestands.

Example: b Hallsize:100mx90m(Lxl)or9,000m2.b Max.power:100W/m2or900kWforthewholehall.b Standfloorspace:min.12m2(4mx3m),average40m2.b Infrastructure:2galleriesaresetupalongthesidesofthehall.Theyeachsupplyanetworkof2x17in-floorserviceducts,(length22m,centredistance6m)laidoutatequalanglesfromthegallery.b Maindistribution:2KSA630Arunsofalengthof100minstalledinaparallellineineachgallery.b Standardoutgoingfeeders:3x45A+Ntap-offunits,4unitsaswellastheircorrespondingmobilelinksarepre-installedforeachinfloorserviceduct,oroneunitper33m2.Thestandsaresuppliedthroughchainsbetweenexhibitors’unitsinhigh-densityzones.

Advantages and disadvantagesb Thistypeofinfrastructure,gallery+cableduct,givestheoperatoreasyaccesstoequipment.b Installationruleslimitthelengthoftemporarymobilecabling.Thisconstraintleadstoplansforin-floorserviceductswithalengthof22m,intheexampleaboveforamaximumlengthof30mandtherefore2galleriesforahallwidthof90m.Thislay-outsignificantlyincreasescostscomparedwithasinglegallerysolution(seeexampleofsolutionD3).b Fireregulationsgenerallydictatethatthereshouldbeafire-barrierpassagebetweenthegalleryandthecableduct.Thislay-outishighlyrestrictingwhenstandardorspecialoutgoingfeedersneedtobeaddedtothepre-installedoutgoingfeeders.Thisleadstothesystematicuseofchainingandtheover-ratingofstandardoutgoingfeedersinordertolimittheadditionofspecialoutgoingfeedersasmuchaspossible.

Thissolutionisbestsuitedtointernational-typeexhibitioncentreswithhallfloorspacebetween6,000and10,000m2anddistributedpower≤120W/m2.

KD0C00CTAFEEN26



Typical solution D2: Distribution through the floorMain distribution using BTS in galleries + floor-standing boxes with power sockets


Fixed installation:1 Main distribution KT/KS BTS2 Enclosure in gallery3 Cables in tubing4 Floor socket boxes

Mobile installation:5 Standard feeder on socket6 Special feeder on KS

Main distribution (KS BTS)

Enclosure

"Floor socket" box


Gallery

KD0C00CTAFEEN 27



Main distribution using BTS in galleries + floor-standing boxes with power socketsDescriptionInfrastructuresTechnicalgalleriesaresetupinthehall’sbasement.Theyaresupplementedwithanetworkof"in-floorserviceducts"locatedonbothsidesofthegallery(in-floorserviceductcentredistance6to8m,length15to25m).

Fixed installationThefixedpartoftheelectricaldistributionincludes:b MaindistributionusingKSAorKTAmediumorhighpowerBTSwitharatingof800Ato1,200Asetupinthegalleries.b Enclosuresconnectedtothemaindistributionandlocatedinthegallery.Theseenclosuresareequippedwithprotectionsforstandardoutgoingfeederssupply.b Floor-standingboxesequippedwithpowersockets,4powersocketsperbox.Theboxesaredistributedthroughoutthehall,closetothein-floorserviceducts.Alloftheseoutgoingfeedershavethesamerating,3x32A+Nto3x63A+N.Theenclosureandfloor-standingboxesarelinkedusingcableintubingimbeddedintheflooring.Eachenclosuresupplies4to8boxesor20to30powersockets.b Thissolution,wherealloftheoutgoingfeedersareregroupedinthegalleryandstandardoutgoingfeedersarepartofthefixedinstallation,canbeusedinconjunctionwithtechnicalandadministrativemanagementsystem(managementofthesubscribeddemandbytheexhibitorandenergybilling).Inthiscase,thestandardoutgoingfeedersareequippedwithmotorisedcircuitbreakers.Iftheoperatorwishestomanageeachstandseparately,chainingisnotusedandthedensityofthestandardoutgoingfeederswilldependontheminimumfloorspaceofonestand,nottheaveragefloorspace.

Temporary mobile installationMobileinstallationislimitedtothelinkbetweenthepowersocketandtheexhibitor’stap-offunitforstandardoutgoingfeeders.SpecialoutgoingfeedersaresetupasinsolutionD1andareunitswitharatingof3x63A+Nto3x250A+NpluggedintothemainKSAorKTAdistribution.Themobilelinkwithexhibitors’unitsiscarriedoutusingcableandinstalledinsidethein-floorserviceducts.

Example: b Hallsize:100mx90m(Lxl)or9,000m2.b Max.power:120W/m2or1,080kWforthewholehall.b Standfloorspace:min.12m2(4mx3m),average40m2.b Infrastructure:2galleriesaresetupalongthelengthofthehall.Theyeachsupplyanetworkof2x12in-floorserviceducts,(length22m,centredistance8m)laidoutperpendiculartothegallery.b Maindistribution:1KTA1,000Arunofalengthof100mineachgallery.b Standardoutgoingfeeders:Oneenclosureallowsthemanagementof2in-floorserviceductswith4floor-standingboxespercableductat6mintervalsandfour3x32A+Npowersocketsperbox,ortwelve400AunitsperKTArunforthesupplyoftheenclosuresand32outgoingfeedersperenclosure.Thisrepresentsatotalof2x12x32=768sockets,thusadensityof1socketper12m2correspondingtotheminimumfloorspaceofonestand,forthe2galleries.

Advantages and disadvantagesb Thesettingupofstandardoutgoingfeedersisextremelysimplewhileinoperation.b Nevertheless,thedisadvantagespointedoutinsolutionD1,suchaslimitedlengthofmobilecablingandfirebreakpassagebetweengalleryandcableduct,arealsothesameforspecialcabling.Thesolutionconsistsinreducingthequantityofspecialoutgoingfeedersbyincreasingtheratingofstandardoutgoingfeeders,asolutionwhichisquicklylimitedgiventheincreasedinvestmentwhichitentails.

Thissolutionisbestsuitedtointernational-typeexhibitioncentreswithhallfloorspacesbetween8,000and12,000m2anddistributedpower≤150W/m2.

KD0C00CTAFEEN28



Typical solution D3: Distribution through the floorMain distribution using BTS in galleries + secondary distribution using BTS infloor service ducts


Fixed installation:1 Main distribution KT/KS BTS2 Secondary distribution KS BTS

Mobile installation:3 Standard out going feeder4 Chaining5 Special out going feeder in-floor service duct (< 125 A)6 Special out going feeder in gallery (< 400 A)

Main distribution KT/KS BTS

Secondary distribution KS BTS


Gallery

KD0C00CTAFEEN 29



Main distribution using BTS in galleries and secondary distribution using BTS in-floor service ductsDescriptionInfrastructuresTechnicalgalleriesaresetupinthehall’sbasement.Thesegalleriesaresupplementedbyanetworkofin-floorserviceductslocatedonbothsidesofthegallery(in-floorserviceductcentredistance6to8m,length25to50m).

Fixed installationThefixedpartoftheelectricalinstallationincludes:b MaindistributionusingKSAorKTAmediumorhighpowerBTSwitharatingof800Ato1,600Asetupinthegalleries.b SecondarydistributionusingmediumpowerKSA160Ato400Abusbartrunkingsetupinthein-floorserviceductswiththeotherdistributednetworks(telephone,computer,cleanandwastewater,compressedair,etc.).ItisagoodideatohaveseveralratingsofKSAbusbartrunkinginordertoallowfortheconnectionofhighpowerspecialoutgoingfeeders(seeexamplebelow).

Temporary mobile installationStandoutgoingfeedersareunitswhichcanbepluggedintoCanalisKSAruns.Sandardoutgoingfeedershavearatingof1x32A+Nto3x63A+N.Specialoutgoingfeedershavearatingof3x32A+Nto3x250A+N.TheratingofthespecialunitsislimitedbytheratingoftheKSAbusbartrunkingaswellasthespaceavailableforitsinstallationinthein-floorserviceduct.

Example: b Hallsize:100mx90m(Lxl)or9,000m2.b Max.power:150W/m2or1,350kWforthewholehall.b Standfloorspace:min.15m2(5mx3m),average40m2.b Infrastructure:1galleryissetupalongthelengthofthehall.Itsuppliesanetworkof2x17in-floorserviceducts,(length44m,ductcentredistance6m)laidoutperpendiculartothegallery.b Maindistribution:2KTA1,200Arunsofalengthof50minthegallery.b Secondarydistribution:2x17KSArunsofalengthof40msetupinthein-floorserviceducts,2x13runswitharatingof160Aand2x4runs,or1runoutof4,witharatingof400A.b Standardoutgoingfeeders:1x45A+Nunits,1unitinstalledevery5m,oroneunitper30m2.Thesupplyofstandsiscarriedoutbysupplementingtheunitsalreadyinplacewithadditionalunitsforhigh-densityzones.

Advantages and disadvantagesb Thissolutionpresentsthebestcompromisebetweeninvestmentcostsandoperatingcosts(seeappendix1,financialoptimizationofsolutions)b Thedensityofthesecondarydistributionkeepsmobileconnectionstoaminimum,reducesvoltagedropsandguaranteesthecontroloftheimpedancesoffaultloops.b Eliminatingcablesin-floorserviceductsandreplacingthemwithBTSincreasessafetyinthecaseoffire.

Thissolutionisbestsuitedtointernational-typeexhibitioncentreswithhallfloorspacebetween8,000and12,000m2anddistributedpower≤200W/m2.

KD0C00CTAFEEN30



Main distribution using BTS in galleries and secondary distribution using BTS in the in-floor service ducts (continued) Adaptations for special needsHigh power special out going feeders

Aspreviouslymentioned,themajorityofspecialoutgoingfeedersaresetupusingunitswhichcanbepluggedintotheBTSsetupinthein-floorserviceducts.Nevertheless,thepoweroftheseoutgoingfeedersislimitedbytheratingoftheBTS.Forhigh-powerspecialoutgoingfeeders,thefactthattheyarenotoftenneededdoesnotjustifytheover-ratingoftheBTSinthein-floorserviceducts,evenif,asisthecaseintheexample,itislimitedtoonerunoutof4.TheseoutgoingfeedersaresuppliedfromthehighpowerBTSlocatedinthegallery.Thesolutionthenconsistsofincludinghoppersbetweenthegalleryandin-floorserviceducts.Theyareusuallysealedintotheflooring.Whenaspecialconnectionisneeded,theflooringisreplacedbyanelementwhichincludesamediumpowerKVbusbartrunkingelbowwithasupplyunit.ThewholesystemissuppliedbyaKSunitequippedwithaflexibleKVelement.Thislayout:b meansthatitcanbesetupsafelyandquickly.b respectsthefirebarrierpassagebetweenthegalleryandin-floorserviceduct.

UnitKVelbow

Firebarrier

Flexible

KSunit

KD0C00CTAFEEN 31



Cabling stands outside the hall

Forsiteswhichhaveoutsideexhibitionareaslocatedveryclosetothehall,thissolutionmeansthattheneedforstandconnectionscanbeeasilymetwithoutsettingupaspecialdistributionnetwork.TheconnectionsarecarriedoutusinganenclosuredirectlysuppliedbyaunitsetupattheendoftheBTSinthein-floorserviceduct.

Outsideunit

Cable

UnitCanalisKS

OutsidezoneHall(inside)

KD0C00CTAFEEN32



Management of the distribution of electricity to standsControl-monitoring system using busDescriptionArchitecture of the control-monitoring system

AnAS-ibuscableislaidoutinthein-floorserviceductparalleltotheKSAbusbartrunking.AS-i4I/4Omodulesareconnectedtothebusatregularintervals(4to5meters).TheAS-imodulescommunicatewithaprogrammablecontrollerlocatedinthegalleryandthewholesystemislinkedtothesite’stechnicalandadministrativemanagementsystemsthroughacontrolnetwork(ModBusforexample).Twoexhibitor’soutgoingfeederunitsaremanagedpermodule.

Structure of exhibitor’s out going feeder units

Each"exhibitor’soutgoingfeeder"unitisequippedwith:b Forstandardoutgoingfeeders,oneprotectionpercircuitbreakerwithafaultindicatingswitch.b Forspecialoutgoingfeeders,oneprotectionpermotorisedcircuitbreaker.b Atotallingpowermeterwithpulseoutput.b AflexiblelinkforconnectiontotheAS-imodule.

ThissolutioncomplementssolutionsCandD3,whichhavealreadybeendescribed.Itcombinesacontrol-monitoringsystemusingbuswiththedistributionusingBTSandthusmeetsthemanagementneedsofthedistributionofelectricitytostands:b Ratingandcontrollingthesubsribeddemandbytheexhibitor.b Meteringthepowerconsumedforbilling"inrealterms".

I/OAS-i

I/OAS-i

I/OAS-i

I/OAS-i

I/OAS-i

I/OAS-i

I/OAS-i

I/OAS-i

I/OAS-i

I/OAS-i

I/OAS-i

I/OAS-i

AS-i Bus

Mod

Bus

Programmablecontroller

Programmablecontroller

Technical and administrative site management station

AS-i Bus

AS-i Bus

AS-i Bus

K

SDQ

K

KWhAS-i

Module

towards stand unit

KD0C00CTAFEEN 33



OperationTheimpulsesemittedbytheexhibitor’senergymeter,ofafrequencyproportionaltoconsumption,arecountedbythecontrollerandintegratedtodeterminethepowerreached.Thesubscribeddemandbytheexhibitorisdirectlyparameterizedforeachoutgoingfeederbythemanagementsystemandisnolongerdefinedbysettingthecircuitbreaker’soverloadprotection.Thisdataisusedinthebillingoftheenergyconsumed,aswellastocomparetherequesteddemandandthesubscribeddemandinrealtime.Ifthepowergoesoverthelimit,theoperatorcan:b Authoriseitifitonlylastsalimitedamountoftime(t1timedelayparameterscanbeset)andisaccidental(Fig.a).b Suggestacontractwhichisbetter-adaptedtotheexhibitor’sneedswhenthepowerrepeatedlygoesoverthelimitorforalongperiodoftime.(t2timedelayparameterscanbeset).Allofthiswithoutabreakinsupply,contrarytowhatoccurswhenthesubscribeddemandislimitedbythecircuitbreaker(Fig.b).b Breaksupplytothestandbyautomaticallyopeningthecontactorwhentheoversteppinglevelisexcessivelyhighand/orincompatiblewiththeinstallationandcouldcausethecircuitbreakerstotripforexample(Fig.c).Thisglobalsolution,mainandsecondarydistribution

usingBTSandcontrol-monitoringsystemusingBus:b Ensuresthelargeavailabilityoftheinstallation.b Significantlyreducesoperatingcosts:v assemblyanddisassemblycostsbetweeneachexhibitionv maintenancecostsduringeachexhibitionv administrativecostsforthebillingoftheenergyconsumed.b Providesthebestservicefortheexhibitor.

P

t

P

t0 t2 t

P

t0 t1 t

Figurea

Subscribedemand

Figureb

Newcontract

Figurec

Max.power

Supplybreak

KD0C00CTAFEEN34


Installation linked to the distribution of lighting electricity and management

Needs and operational modesExhibition hall lighting must be designed so that it can be adapted to different activitiesMain uses: fairs and exhibitionsThestandshavetheirownlightingwhenthehallisopentothepublic.Strictlyspeaking,thelightingisonlynecessaryoverthewalkwaysandthelightinglevelrequiredisusuallybetween400and600lux.Thelightinglevelcanbereduced(150to200lux)forzoneswherestandsaresetup,whicharegreaterthan2/3ofthehall’ssurfacearea.Inthecaseofthehallbeingonlypartiallyoccupied,changingthelightingzonesshouldallowforthelightingtobelimitedtotheoccupiedzones.Whenthehallisnotopentothepublic,aminimumamountoflightingisrequiredforthesurveillanceofthepremises.Itcanbelimitedtothemainwalkways.

Other activitiesSomeactivities(forexamplesportingevents),needspecificadaptedlightingaswellasthenormalhalllighting.Duringspecialevents,whenallorpartofahallisusedbyasinglecustomer(conference,saleslaunch),speciallightingrequirementsaretakenintoaccountbythiscustomer.Theconnectionisthencarriedoutonthestanddistributionnetwork.

Lighting installationLighting sourcesThelightingsourcesusedare:b eitherfluorescentlamps(2x58Wor3x58Wluminaires),b ormetalliciodide-typedischargelamps.

Lighting runsSetting up lighting runs

Themainwalkwaysaregenerallylaidoutonacentralaxis.Theirlayoutisfixed,whateverthetypeofroom.Thelightingrunsaresetupparalleltothesemainpaths.Thislayoutmeansthattheleveloflightingcanbeadaptedaccordingtotheneedsofthedifferentzones:b walkwayzoneswithfulllighting,b standzoneswithreducedlighting(1/3oflightingforexample).

Whateverthetypeofluminairesmaybe,thelightingrunsaremadeupwithKBAorKBBCanalis,whichensurethesupplyandsupportoftheluminaires.

Stand zone

Main walkway zone

KD0C00CTAFEEN 35


Installation linked to the distribution of lighting electricity and managementThechoicebetweenKBAandKBBdependsontheweightoftheluminairesandthepossibilitiesforfixingthemtothebuilding’sstructure(KBAcentredistance≤3m,KBBcentredistance≤5m).

Theserunshavea3Ph+Npolarity,whichmeansthat:b voltagedropscanbereduced(comparedwithsingle-phaseruns),b luminairescanbecontrolledby1/3(1/3perphase)andlightinglevelscanthereforebeadapted.

KBBCanaliswith3Ph+Ndoubleflattopisinstalledwhenonepartoftheluminairesisalsousedforsafetyorflood-lighting(seefollowingfigure).

Safety and flood-lighting

Thistypeofluminaireequippedwithfluorescentlampsincludesanaccumulatorbatteryandneedstwoseparatesupplies:b onefornormallighting,b permanentsupplyforsafetylighting,forchargingupbatteries.

SafetylightingNormallighting

KD0C00CTAFEEN36



Lighting installation ( continued)

Supply to and command of lighting runsSetting up medium or high power BTS

Thesupplyoflightingrunsiscarriedoutusinglowormedium-powerprefabricatedbusbartrunkings(KNCanalisupto100A,KSCanalis160,250or400A).

AdvantagesComparedwithacentralisedsolutionofthelightingswitchboardtypewiththerunsbeingsuppliedbyacableonacabletray,thisdecentraliseddistributionsolutionthroughBTS:b meansthatadvantagescanbedrawnfromtheweak impedanceofthemainbusbartrunking,uptocloseproximityofthelightingrun,

b keeps cable lengthstoaminimuminthelow-powersection(1to2mlinkbetweenunitssetuponthemainductandthefeedunitonthelightingrun),b thereforesignificantlyreduces voltage dropsandthevalueoffaultloopimpedances,b thusgarantees protectionagainstindirectcontact.Thefaultcurrentlevelsarecompatiblewiththemagnetictrippingthresholdsofstandardcircuitbreakers:v bothdesignandinstallationthesystemaresimpler,v allofthelightingunitsareidentical,v protectionisprovidedbystandardcircuitbreakers,v installationcosts(suppliesandlabourcosts)areminimised.

ForC60typemodularcircuitbreakers:b standard breaking capacity(typeN)isreinforcedthankstoitsusewiththeupstreamcircuitbreaker.b standard tripping curve(curveC),issufficientgiventhegoodcontroloffaultloopimpedances.

See example in appendix 1.

Stand zone

Main walkway zone

KD0C00CTAFEEN 37



Lighting management using DALIDistribution of luminaires between the "walkway" zone and the "stand" zone

Lighting management using DALI

Stands

Walkways

TSX 17

4

E/S

Protectionunitandcontroloflighting

runwith3commandsperrun

Walkway zone includes luminaires "DEF".

Stand zones includes luminaires "ABC".

A

B

A

B

C

C

C

A

B

A

B

C

C

C

A

B

A

B

C

C

C

A

B

A

B

C

C

C

A

B

A

B

C

C

C

C

A

C

A

B

B

B

C

A

C

A

B

B

B

C

A

C

A

B

B

B

F

D

E

D

E

F

F

F

D

E

D

E

F

F

F

D

E

D

E

F

F

F

D

E

D

E

F

F

Access

KD0C00CTAFEEN38


Lighting management using DALI (continued)

The designTomeetlightingmanagementneeds,lightinglevelsandadaptedzoningaccordingtothetypeofexhibition,DALIsupplementsthedistributionusingprefabricatedbusbartrunking.TheDALIdesign,aglobalsolutionforlightingdistribution,controlandmanagement,combinescommunicationthroughbuswithCanalisdecentraliseddistribution.

The DALI busb ItiseitherincludedinthemainbusbartrunkingwithKNT,b orlaidoutparalleltoKSandsetupinthiscaseusingKBAbusbartrunking.

The unitsThelightingrunfeedandcontrolunits("rununit"):b protectthelightingrunusingacircuit breaker,b includestheDALI moduleconnectedontothebus.Itincludes3outletswhichmeanthat3separatecircuitscanbepilotedonthelightingrunandthereforethatupto3levelsoflightingcanbecontrolled,b havecontactors.

The central control unitTheDALIcentralcontrolunitisanindustrialcontrollerequippedwiththe"DALI lighting" software package,theparametersofwhichcanbesetbytheuser.Itallows:b thedesignandmodificationoflighting zonesandthedifferent lighting levels.Todothis,theoutputgroupsmustbedefined(alloftheluminaireswhicharesimultaneouslycommanded).Thesegroupsarejoinedtogethertoconstitutealightingzone(azonewith3lightinglevelsthereforeincludes3groups),

b programming the occupation times(toautomaticallypilotlighting).

Optimising maintenance operationsAdapting lighting levelscauseslargedisparitiesbetweenluminaireoperatingtimes.Hourmetersmeasuretheoperatingtimeofeachgroupandallow:

b management of the rotationofthegroupstoensureabalanceinoperatingtimes, b programming of preventitive maintenance operationsforthereplacementofallofthelightingsources.


Withoutgrouprotation Withgrouprotation

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1-2 3-4

5-6 7-8

9-10 11-12

CBA0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1-2 3-4

5-6 7-8

9-10 11-12

CBA

0to6,000:operatinghours1to12:operatingmonthA,BandC:luminairegroups

KD0C00CTAFEEN 39


Methodology and example for determining the rating of standard connectionsMethodologyInvestment costsaredividedupbetweenthecostoffixedinstallationsandthecostofmobileinstallations.The cost of the fixed installationdoesnotincludestandardoutgoerswhentheyareconnectedtoit(example:cabinetsocketsorfloorsocketboxes).The cost of the mobile installationincludes:b allstandoutgoers,standardoutgoersandspecialoutgoers.e.g.forBTSenclosures,theinstalledenclosuresplustheenclosuresinstock.b Mobilelinksbetweenthestandoutgoersandtheexhibitor’senclosure.b Exhibitorenclosures.

Operating costsprimarilyincludethecostsformobileinstallationassemblyanddisassemblybetweeneachexhibit.

Investment costs for the fixed installation+ Investment costs for the mobile installation+ Operating costs for the mobile installation= Global costs

The goal is thus to minimise global costs. A good comprehension of the projected operating costs is needed to conduct the study (see example).

Example: 1.Thedifferentratingsofoutgoersaredefinedbytakingintoaccountneedsaswellastechnologicalthresholdssuchascircuitbreakerratings.Inexample5,theratingsthatwereusedare:3kW,10kW,45kW,100kW,250kW.

2.Forthesedifferentratings,theunitcostofinvestmentandoperationareestimatedaccordingtowhethertheoutgoerisastandardorspecialone(table1-page40).

3.Exhibitsareclassifiedincategoriesthatallowfordiversesituationstobetakenintoaccount.Eachcategoryischaracterisedbythenumberofinstalledandconnectedenclosures,theaveragestandsurfaces,theminimumstandsurfaceandthedistributionofconnectionsusingtheoutgoingrating.

Inexample3thecategoriesthatwereusedareFig2.1,2.2,2.3-page40.Thehall’ssurfaceareais6000m2.Thisdataallows:b Foratype1exhibitwherethenumberofstandsisconsiderable,estimationofmaximumstanddensityandthusofthenumberofstandardoutgoerstobeinstalled.b Forthe3exhibittypes,calculationofinvestmentcosts:quantityandcostofinstalledenclosuresforstandardoutgoersandthecostofestablishingastockofenclosuresforspecialoutgoers.

4.Powerdistributionforstandoutgoersonanoperatingcycle-Fig3-allowsforoperatingcoststobecalculated.Soastoberepresentative,thisdistributionmusttakeintoaccounttherateofcertainsexhibits,twiceayearexhibitsforexample.Thisisthecaseintheexamplewherethereisa2yearcycle.

5.Simulationofglobalcostsisconductedbysuccessivelytakingeachratingasastandardoutgoerrating,standardoutgoer≤3kW,standardoutgoer≤10kW,standardoutgoer≤45kW,etc.

In the example, global costs are obtained for a standard outgoer rating of 10 kW.

Appendix 1: Financial optimization of solutions

Masteringoperatingcostsisessentialsoastoguaranteethecompetitivenessandprofitabilityofexhibitgrounds.Theoperatingcostsforassemblinganddisassemblingmobileinstallationsthatsupplyexhibitorstandsisaconsiderablepartofoperatingcosts.Allsolutionsfortheelectricaldistributionofstandsshouldtaketheseoperatingcostsintoaccountandthusleadtotheuseofaglobalcostapproach.Globalcosts=Investmentcosts+Operatingcosts.Thisappendixpresentsthemethodologyforthisapproach,whichissupportedbyanexamplefordeterminingtheratingofstandardconnections.

KD0C00CTAFEEN40


Appendix 1: Financial optimization of solutions

Methodology and example for determining the rating of standard connections (continued)

Table 1: Investment costs and assembly/disassembly costs per enclosure rating

Enclosureratings

Investment Operation Global costsUnitcostinEuro

Assembly/disassemblyperunitinEuro

PerunitinEuro

Standard Special Standard Special Standard Special3kW 100 20 12010kW 250 300 30 120 280 42045kW 600 700 50 200 650 900100kW 1500 1700 80 320 1580 2020250kW 4000 4500 120 480 4120 4980

Figure 2.1: Significant number of stands and low outgoer power

Figure 2.2: Average number of stands and medium outgoer power

Figure 2.3: Low number of stands and significant outgoer power

200

160

120

80

40

03 kW 10 kW

180

20

45 kW 100 kW 250 kW

60

50

40

30

20

10

03 kW 10 kW

40

52

8

45 kW 100 kW 250 kW

25

20

15

10

5

03 kW 10 kW

19 20

45 kW 100 kW 250 kW

8

2 1

200installedenclosuresAveragestandsurfacearea=30m2

Minimumstandsurfacearea=15m2





KD0C00CTAFEEN 41


Appendix 1: Financial optimization of solutionsFigure 3: Distribution of stand outgoer power on an operating cycle

Figure 4: Simulation of global costs per standard outgoer rating

Operation

Investment

10 000

1 000

100

10

13 kW 10 kW

3 6362 140

312

45 kW 100 kW

8

250 kW

4

600 000

500 000

400 000

300 000

100 000

200 000

03 kW 10 kW 45 kW

KD0C00CTAFEEN42


Canalis installations on the exhibit groundsCountry Town-Site Years Type of BTSSweden Stockholm 1980-1999 KN-KS

Goteberg 1975-1999 KL-KU-KS

Jonkoping 1975-1999 KU-KRA-KS

Sollentuna 1975-1999 KU-KRA-KS

Malmoe 1980-1999 KS-KH

Lulea 1985 KS

Spain Barcelona 1995 GTC-GMP

UnitedKingdom Birmingham-NEC 1974 KH-KRA-ILine-ILine2

London-WembleyArena 1979 KS

London-AlexanderPalace 1989 KS

London-Olympia 1985 KS

London-EarlsCourt 1985 KS

Belgium Brussels-FoireduHeysel - -

Austria Vienna-WienerMesse - -

Norway Oslo-NorgesVaremesse - -

Oslo-Inforama - -

Germany Dusseldorf - -

France Paris-ParcdeVersailles - -

Paris-ParcdeVillepinte - -

Strasbourg - -

Metz - -

References

Art65947-©

1999-S

chneiderElectric-Allrightsreserved.

12-2012KD0C00CTAFEEN

Schneider Electric Industries SAS35,rueJosephMonierCS30323F-92506RueilMalmaisonCedex

RCSNanterre954503439Capitalsocial896313776

www.schneider-electric.com

Asstandards,specificationsanddesignschangefromtimetotime,pleaseaskforconfirmationoftheinformationgiveninthispublication.

Publication:SchneiderElectricDesign/Layout:SEDOCPrinting:

This document has been printed on ecological paper.

canalis busbar trunking systems in exhibition centres

Documents