Canada – 1920’sCHC2P1 – MISS VUONG

AGENDA 1. Learning Outcomes 2. Review Residential Schools (Intent, Conditions, Significance) 3. Treatment of Minorities 4. Re-cap of the Roaring Twenties – what led to the Dirty Thirties?

LEARNING OUTCOMES Students will be able to:

1. Identify the conditions minorities faced in postwar Canada 2. Connect the “roaring 20’s” to the “dirty 30’s” 3. Understand the relationship between different Canadian communities

REVIEW – RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS INTENT: - To “civilize Indian children” -“Kill the Indian in the Child” - Secure an education for aboriginal children

REVIEW – RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS CONDITIONS: - Physical, sexual, emotional, spiritual abuse - Free labour; punishments - Tuberculosis; poor health conditions

REVIEW – RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS SIGNIFICANCE: - Loss of language, culture, identity - Intergenerational trauma; PTSD - Not prepared (poor literacy abilities) - Tension between FNMI and government

TREATMENT OF MINORITIES TERMINOLOGY:

Xenophobia – the fear of foreigners, often leading to discrimination

TREATMENT OF MINORITIES Main Areas:1. Immigration Act2. Anti-Greek Riots3. Indian Act4. Chinese Canadians5. French-English Relations

TREATMENT OF MINORITIESIMMIGRATION ACT – 1919 Banned entry to people coming from countries that fought against Canada during the war and people with “unwanted” qualities

TREATMENT OF MINORITIESIMMIGRATION ACT – 1919 “…such immigrants are deemed undesirable owing to their peculiar customs, habits, modes of life and methods of holding property, and because of their probable inability to become readily assimilated or to assume the duties and responsibilities of Canadian citizenship within a reasonable time after their entry.”

TREATMENT OF MINORITIESANTI-GREEK RIOTS – 1918 (5 days) Greece maintained neutral during WW1 Canadian gov’t didn’t let Greek Canadians join war effort Resentment postwar (conditions) 50,000 veterans and civilians rioted in Toronto (looting and destruction)

TREATMENT OF MINORITIESINDIAN ACT– 1876 Control of First Nations (lives, land, resources, education, travel) Did not gain full voting rights even with participation in WW1 Land given away after the war

TREATMENT OF MINORITIESCHINESE CANADIANS – 1850’s: Gold rush mining1880’s: Canada Pacific Railway1900’s: Head Tax (attempt to reduce Chinese immigration)1923: Chinese Immigration Act/Chinese Exclusion Act

TREATMENT OF MINORITIESHEAD TAX– $50 for every Chinese immigrant to enter Canada (after railroad was completed) Raised to $100 in 1900, and $500 in 1903

TREATMENT OF MINORITIESChinese Immigration Act – 1923 Also known as Chinese Exclusion Act Stopped all Chinese immigration to Canada except for students, businessmen, and diplomats Between 1923-1947, fewer than 50 Chinese immigrants allowed

TREATMENT OF MINORITIESCHINESE CANADIANS – July 1, 1923: Humiliation Day

Form of protest Felt betrayed by Canadian Government

TREATMENT OF MINORITIESHUMULIATION DAY PROTESTSAll Chinese advised to do the following: To wear Overseas Chinese Commemoration badges Merchants to hang humiliation banner on store windows No display of Canadian flag in residences and storesNo visits to playgrounds and participation in paradesNo music in the area where Chinese lived

TREATMENT OF MINORITIESCONSEQUENCES/SIGNIFICANCE: Chinese barred from working in specific industries Fear of competing low wages (job security) Retreated to Chinese businesses Separation of family (sent money home)

TREATMENT OF MINORITIESFRENCH-ENGLISH RELATIONS: (1912-1927) Regulation 17: English-Only Schools in Ontario Limited French instruction Language and religious divide Basis for disliking conscription

TREATMENT OF MINORITIESFRENCH-ENGLISH RELATIONS: (1912-1927) “We must stay here to conquer our freedom. It is not in the trenches of Flanders that we will regain the right to speak French in Ontario.”

- Armand La Vergne (Member of Parliament from

Quebec)

WHAT LED TO THE “DIRTY THIRTIES”?

WHAT LED TO THE “DIRTY THIRTIES”?

For much of the 1920s, the Canadian economy was in a boom. In this type of economy, there are increases in the production of goods and services. These increases lead to a greater demand for workers and an increase in employment. With more employment, workers have more money. With more money, there is an increased demand for goods and services - a situation that leads to higher prices. Some called the period “the Roaring Twenties.”

WHAT LED TO THE “DIRTY THIRTIES”?

During the 1920s, there was a general feeling of optimism about the economy. Business leaders, bankers, and workers believed that things could only get better and better. As a result, many borrowed money to expand factories and to buy new consumer products.

WHAT LED TO THE “DIRTY THIRTIES”?

STOCK MARKET:This feeling of optimism about the economy encouraged more and more people to begin to buy shares in the stock market. A share or stock is a one part ownership in a company. Most companies offer shares for sale on the stock market.

WHAT LED TO THE “DIRTY THIRTIES”?

STOCK MARKET:This feeling of optimism about the economy encouraged more and more people to begin to buy shares in the stock market. A share or stock is a one part ownership in a company. Most companies offer shares for sale on the stock market.

WHAT LED TO THE “DIRTY THIRTIES”?

If a company, such as Radio Corporation of America (RCA), offered 1000 shares for sale on the stock market, you could purchase one share for $10 or ten shares for $100. The price of the share or the stock was determined by demand. If many people wanted or demanded the stock, the price would go up. If people did not want the stock (low demand), the price went down.

WHAT LED TO THE “DIRTY THIRTIES”?

If I gave each of you $200, how much would you invest in the RCA? (Knowing that the radio was a big thing in the 20’s)

$10 a share - 1924

WHAT LED TO THE “DIRTY THIRTIES”?

During the 1920s, the price of many stocks moved dramatically upward. For example, people wanted radios, and therefore the price of RCA stock moved up and up and up. RCA sold for $11 a share in 1924 and skyrocketed to $114 by 1929.

WHAT LED TO THE “DIRTY THIRTIES”?

FOR NEXT CLASS:

With the current amount you have right now, how many shares would you purchase?

We’ll calculate how much everyone has tomorrow.