cambodia: urban water supply project kampong …...environmental due diligence report project...

Environmental Due Diligence Report

Project Number: 41403-013 December 2019

Cambodia: Urban Water Supply Project ‒ Kampong

Thom Subcomponent (Expansion) and River

Concrete Slope Protection Works

Prepared by the Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology & Innovation for the Asian Development Bank. This environmental due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 5

II. SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................ 6

III. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ......................................................... 11

A. Site Visit ....................................................................................................................... 11

B. Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist and Categorization .............................. 14

C. Description of Surrounding Environment .................................................................... 14

IV. GENERAL ISSUES RELATED TO THE ENVIRONMENT ........................................... 15

V. EXISTING FACILITIES AUDIT ....................................................................................... 17

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................................. 18

A. Review of Impacts ....................................................................................................... 18

B. Institutional Arrangements .......................................................................................... 25

C. Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................................................................... 27

VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE .......................................................... 29

A. Public Consultation ...................................................................................................... 29

B. Disclosure .................................................................................................................... 29

VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...................................................................... 29

IX. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................. 30

A. Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 30

B. Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 31

Appendix 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist ....................................... 32

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 1: Materials for the Proposed Expansion of Pipelines ................................................ 6

Table 2: Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ................................. 19

Table 3: Roles and Responsibilities .................................................................................... 27

Table 4: Environmental Monitoring Plan ............................................................................. 28

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 1: Layout of the Proposed Expansion of Pipelines ................................................... .7

Figure 2: Plan for the Proposed Concrete Slope Protection Works………........................ .8

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ABBREVIATIONS

ADB : Asian Development Bank

AP : Affected Person

CAP : Corrective Action Plan

CC : Construction Contractor

CEMO : Contractor Environmental Management Officer

CEMP : Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan

CMP : Construction Management Plan

DBST : Double Bituminous Surface Treatment

DDE : Detail Design Engineering

DDR : Due Diligence Report

DEIA : Department of Environmental Impact Assessment

DOE : Department of Environment

DPWT : Department of Public Works and Transport

DSC : Design and Supervision Consultant

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment

EMAP : Environmental Management Action Plan

EMoP : Environmental Monitoring Plan

EMP : Environmental Management Plan

ES : Environmental Specialist

GDPWS : General Department of Potable Water Supply

GOC : Government of Cambodia

GRC : Grievance Redress Committee

GRM : Grievance Redress Mechanism

MIH : Ministry of Industry and Handicraft

MOE : Ministry of Environment

NES : National Environmental Specialist

NGO : Non-Government Organization

NR : National Road

OHS : Occupational, Health and Safety

PDOE : Provincial Department of Environment

PE : Polyethylene Pipes

PEMO : PMU Environmental Management Plan

PIA : Project Implementation Assistance

PIAC : Project Implementation Assistance Consultant

PIU : Project Implementation Unit

PMU : Project Management Unit

PPE : Personal protective equipment

PSMO : PMU Safeguard Management Officer

PWW : Provincial Water Works

REA : Rapid Environmental Assessment (Checklist)

RGC : Royal Government of Cambodia

RP : Resettlement Plan

SPS : Safeguard Policy Statement (2009)

SOP : Standard Operation Procedure

UWSP : Urban Water Supply Project

UXO : Unexploded ordnance

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UNITS

cm : centimeter

dBA : decibels

km : kilometer

kW : kilowatt

m : meter

m3/day : cubic meter per day

mm : millimeter

ROW : right of way

: diameter

% : percent

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I. INTRODUCTION

1. The Government of Cambodia availed a loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to fund the Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP). This was approved on 11 December 2014 and became effective on 16 June 2015. The project was estimated to cost $37.4 million. ADB provided a loan of $34.0 million from ADB’s concessional ordinary capital resources and the remaining $3.4 million was to be financed by the government. The executing agency is MIH and the implementing agency is the PMU under the General Department of Potable Water Supply. The loan closing date is scheduled on 30 June 2020. 2. The project’s impact will be expanded access to sustainable and safe water supply

services for the urban population in Cambodia. This will contribute to the government’s 2025 target of 100% coverage for urban areas. Its outcome will be improved water supply

infrastructure and service provision in nine towns. The project consists of four main

outputs, namely:

• Output 1: Improvement of water supply systems in seven towns. • Output 2: New water supply system for Stung Treng • Output 3: Expansion of water supply coverage in Siem Reap • Output 4: Project implementation support.

3. Improvement of Kampong Thom Water Works is one of the subcomponent

projects under the contract NCB C1a Urgent WTP Rehabilitation in Provincial Towns,

which covers the construction of clean water reservoir 1500m3 capacity with two

cell/compartment and replacement of pumps and motors under Output 1. One cell

structure was already completed and a second one is being constructed. On this

subproject, two additional components have been proposed by Kampong Thom Provincial

Water Works – PIU through PMU. These are the River Concrete Slope Protection Works

and the expansion of the distribution network as the subject of this due diligence report.

The proposed structures are combined in this due diligence document.

4. The subcomponent is classified as a Category C Project according to ADB

Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) (2009). Impacts of the installation of additional

distribution pipelines is not significant. The other component which is the construction of

River Concrete Slope Protection Works is an extension of the existing one. Impacts are

considered temporary which can be mitigated and only confined in the location of the

Kampong Thom Water Works area.

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II. SUBCOMPONENT DESCRIPTION

5. Kampong Thom Province is located in the center of Cambodia. It is along National

Road (NR) 6. Sources of water for the existing water supply facility is from Steung Sen

River. The proposed network expansion is intended for Roluos Village, Srayov Commune,

Stueng Saen Municipality, KTP.(Table 1 and Figure 1). With the proposed expansion line,

the residents of the village will benefit from this undertaking.

6. The proposed River Concrete Slope Protection Works will serve as protection for

WTP. Currently, there is crack along the river bank that could cause severe damage to

the existing water facility. To mitigate the risk, PIU through MIH-PMU proposed to build a

concrete wall to protect the river bank from sliding or cause significant erosion. PIU

reported that the river bank erosion could be attributed to sand quarrying upstream of the

river.

Table 1 - Materials for the Proposed Expansion of Pipelines

No. Materials Size Quantity Unit

I Network Expansion Work 1. HDPE160 PE 100 PN 10 160 4,558 m

2. HDPE110 PE 100 PN 10 110 962 m

3. HDPE63 PE 100 PN 10 63 2,635 m

4. Stub end 160 4 pcs 5. Backing Ring 160 4 pcs 6. Welding Composed

Reducing Tee 160 - 100

1 pcs

7. Welding Composed Reducing Tee

160-63

2 pcs

8. Welding Composed Reducing Tee

110-63

3 pcs

9. Stub end 110-63

1 pcs

10. Backing Ring 110 1 pcs 11. Valve 160 1 pcs 12. Valve 110 2 pcs 13. Valve 63 5 pcs

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Figure 1: Layout of the Proposed Expansion of Pipelines

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Figure 2 . Plan for the Proposed River Concrete Slope Protection Works

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III. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Site Visits

7. On 13 November 2019 and 02 December 2019, the Environmental Team visited

Kampong Thom Water Works Facility. Observations on the ongoing construction activities

in the site (i.e. clean water reservoir) were noted and will be reported in the Semi-Annual

Environmental Monitoring Report. Area for the proposed pipeline expansion is located in

Roluos Village, Srayov Commune, Stueng Saen Municipality, KTP. It is accessible

through NR6 and connected by earth road of about six meters in width. Both sides of the

road and surrounding areas of the village are agricultural areas. The village is exposed to

flooding as much of Kampong Thom is located on the floodplain of Lake Tonle Sap.

Distance of the site from NR6 is about 10 kilometers where D160 size pipes will be

installed while the houses will be connected to water supply using tertiary pipes.

River Concrete Slope Protection Works

8. PMU explained and pinpointed the ground cracks along the river bank few meters

away from the WTP. Some erosion has already occurred in the water works area

becoming it more exposed to risk. Urgent mitigation measure is necessary to protect the

land from sliding or eroding and the improvement in this area.

9. Documentation during the site visits is shown below.

Site visit at Kampong Thom Water Works on November 13, 2019

Newly constructed clear water tank (in gray

paint)

Ongoing construction of the second clear

water tank

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Intake pipe used during high water flow and

floating intake pump used during low flow

Land slide in the area of Kampong Thom Water Works. .

MIH-PMU Manager DDG Sok Yanimol

(center) with other PMU/PIU Officers and

PIAC Team

Two pumps for replacement

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Site visit at Kampong Thom Water Works (WTP Area) on December 02, 2019

Panoramic view of the site where the proposed River Concrete Slope Protection Works will be

constructed..(Photo taken by PIAC on 02 Dec. 2019)

View of the other side of the river taken from the

WTP area. Houses are situated within the river

banks.

Brief discussion of the PIU and PIAC about the

ongoing and proposed works.

Site visit at Roluos Village on December 02, 2019

The team pinpointed in the map the location of the project and this access road which started from NR6 connecting Roluos Village,.

Pipe D160 of about 10km in length will be installed starting from the entrance of the road. at NR6.

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View of the village where the pipeline will be installed.

Interview with a resident was conducted regarding the proposed pipe expansion.. As expressed, he is in favor of the project.

Pagoda in Rolous Village Boreholes were found in some of the houses

in the area as one of the current sources of water by the community. According to the residents, they need to boil the water before drinking.

B. Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist and Categorization

10. Based on discussions with the PMU, PIU, onsite inspection and prior knowledge of

the surrounding area, the rapid environmental assessment checklist (REA Checklist) was

completed and is found in Appendix 1.

C. Description of Surrounding Environment

11. The proposed expansion line is situated within the residential and water works’ service areas. These will be directly connected to the pipelines in NR6 and will be

undertaken within ROWs, which are determined by the Provincial Department of Public

Works and Transport (DPWT), of Kampong Thom Province (Table 1 and Figure 1). It is

strongly believed that unexploded ordnance (UXO) mines do not exist along the project

alignment.

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12. The current water sources of the people living along the proposed expansion lines

are either from the boreholes or from the mobile water supplier. People living along the

proposed expansion lines expressed their eagerness to have access on clean water.

IV. GENERAL ISSUES RELATED TO THE ENVIRONMENT

Additional Extension of Pipe Laying Works

13. The additional proposed pipe laying project will be an extension of the existing

one. Expansion lines will be laid within ROWs and the water works' service areas.

Adverse impacts on the villages and environmental resources along the project routes are

not expected. Impacts that maybe encountered during the pipe laying works at less

magnitude are listed below:

• Damage to existing community structures and facilities.

• Dust and air emissions from soil excavation and movement of vehicles.

• Noise disturbance.

• Generation of excavated soil and other construction debris.

• Hazards to workers.

• Risks to community health and safety.

• Traffic congestion.

Construction of River Concrete Slope Protection Works

14. Construction of the river concrete slope project works may generate the following

impacts: dust and air emissions from soil excavation, noise disturbance, excavated soil

and debris, and hazards to workers. Additional temporary impacts due to the nature of

subcomponent location is the possible increase in sediment deposits and turbidity of

water. These impacts can be mitigated.

15. The following mitigation measures are proposed to minimize these potential

impacts.

16. Damage to community facilities. The installation of water supply distribution lines

will be on the sides of the roads within rural-like area. Valves, fittings, laying of pipes,

installation of meters for homes and businesses composed the proposed works. To

mitigate this impact, the following mitigation measures will be applied:

• Before the commencement of construction activities, PIU shall consult the

affected persons where houses, driveways and other structures will be

affected.

• Coordinate with DPWT, local authorities, and owners of affected properties

prior to commencement of pipe laying works.

• The Contractor is required to repair structures that may be damaged such as

roads, canals, driveways, and paths. Any damage to community structures will

be restored at pre-project condition at the cost of the Contractor.

17. Worker health and safety. Workers may be exposed to risks to health and safety

due to physical hazards, exposure to dust and noise, falling objects, and ergonomic

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injuries. Potential conflict with local people will occur if migrant workers will be brought to

the site. To mitigate this impact, the following measures will be applied:

• PIU will require the Contractor to provide the basic safety and health

protective measures for workers such as personal protective gear suitable to

the type of work being performed. First aid kit will be made available onsite.

18. Dust and air emission. Wind-blown dust may be generated due to presence of

loose soil and movement of vehicles at the work areas. To mitigate this impact, the

following measures will be applied:

• Cover and keep excavated soil and stockpiles moist.

• Conduct water sprinkling in areas prone to airborne dust.

• Cover materials for dug soil and stockpiles at the end of the day’s work. • Regularly clean and sweep dust and accumulated soil at roadsides at the end

of the day’s work. • Maintain vehicles and equipment to ensure that emissions comply with the

MOE’s standards. • Prohibit open burning of waste materials.

• Instruct delivery trucks to cover materials with tarpaulin or other suitable

materials during hauling of materials.

• Impose speed limits on construction vehicles.

• Regularly clean and sweep dust in the work area.

• Inform and educate workers on the implementation of air emission and dust

control measures.

19. Noise. There will be minimal noise to be generated during construction works

except in areas where there is a need to remove a concrete or any obstruction that will

require an equipment. Noise levels ranging from 82 to 88 dBA may be experienced in the

areas at the distance of 15 to 30 meters from the source. To avoid nuisance to adjacent

establishments, pavement or existing obstruction breaking activities will not be undertaken

at nighttime hours of 22:00 to 06:00.

20. Community health and safety. The laying of water pipes along existing roadsides

will result to impacts to community health and safety, including traffic and restriction of

community access. Distribution pipes will be installed under a variety of local conditions

including along asphalt-concrete roads and along unpaved roads. To mitigate this impact,

the following mitigation measures will be applied:

• Pipes will be installed in the roadsides of the existing alignment to avoid cuts

or damage in the road.

• Special precautions need to be taken in built up areas and sensitive receptors

such as schools, temples and hospitals/health centers.

• PIU will require the Contractor to follow the existing Standard Operating

Procedure (SOP) on pipe installation. These measures include the following:

- Minimize the period of time that an excavation segment is kept open by not

allowing trenching and pipe-laying by more than a week for each 500-meter

segment. Trenches should be backfilled and ground leveled after

installation of pipes.

- Install signs at the beginning and end of section of works.

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- Provide concrete barriers to avoid conflict with live traffic.

- Place only bedding and pipe materials at the location that will be used

within the next few days’ work, well out of the line of traffic.

- Clean up and remove from the site any excess spoil, wood used for shoring

and construction materials, upon completion of the segment.

- Compact soil in trench and clean surrounding areas to reduce blowing

dust.

- Provide temporary bridging across the trench at entries to residences and

businesses. Likewise, provide safety tape barriers to reduce the possibility

of accidents.

- Once work is complete on a segment, road surfaces and masonry works

(curbs, abutments, drains, driveways, and sidewalk) will be repaired and

returned to pre-project condition.

- Provide advance notification of proposed pipe laying activities, locations

and schedules to local residents, schools, businesses, and other

institutions. Regularly coordinate with affected parties during project

construction.

- Install safety barriers in open excavations to avoid unauthorized or

accidental access by the public.

21. Traffic. There will be no need for traffic rerouting. There is less traffic in the village

at present and the pipe installation will require a small space at the road easement.

Mitigation measures, however, is necessary at NR6 area where water pipelines to the

village will be tapped.

• Coordinate the proposed construction activities, schedules, and traffic

management plan with the local authorities and police.

• Post informational boards in case of temporary lane closures.

• Employ trained flaggers to direct traffic movements in areas with lane

closures.

• Use traffic control and warning devices such as lights, signs, traffic cones,

flashing board, bollards, and barricades to alert vehicles and pedestrians

about lane closures, equipment use, excavations, and other potential hazards.

• In areas that are busy during the day, construction work may be conducted

during nighttime to minimize disruption to traffic.

22. Construction of River Concrete Slope Protection Works - Some impacts due to

pipe laying will likely be encountered also in the construction of concrete slope protection

works specifically dust, noise and generation of wastes. Applicable mitigation measures

will be implemented. The contractor will be required to submit the construction methods

and Contractor's Environmental Management Plan for approval of the MIH-PMU and PIAC

before the commencement of construction activities.

V. EXISTING FACILITIES AUDIT

23. Appendix I of the ADB SPS (2009) requires that, “when the project involves existing activities or facilities, relevant external experts will perform environmental audits

to determine the existence of any areas where the project may cause or is causing

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environmental risks or impacts.” The rapid environmental assessment checklist (Appendix 1) includes a section in which the existing facilities have been audited to identify the

presence of waste, spent, out-of-spec and discarded water treatment chemicals, oils,

cleaning fluids and solvents, as well as contaminated soils that have or have the potential

for causing environmental impacts or risks. Waste materials that pose a hazard to human

health or the environment have not been identified at the facility. The director of the water

works confirms the absence of any such materials within the water supply system

buildings or on property under the control of the water works. There is no need to prepare

a corrective action plan to dispose of materials of this nature or remediate soils or

structures for purposes of reducing environmental impact and risk.

24. In addition, the potential presence of unexploded ordnance (UXO) and mines has

been evaluated within the subproject area based on discussion with PIU and inspection of

the project routes where the work is to take place. The routes are in use for so many

years and no basis for suspecting that UXO or mines are present in the site.

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Review of Impacts

25. Potential impacts of the proposed subcomponent projects are summarized in

Table 2. The pipe laying extension works by nature have similar methods in its

implementation, thus contractors will adopt the SOP on pipe laying activities. A

Contractor's Environmental Management Plan will be prepared by the winning bidder for

the project.

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Table 1: Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Project Activity Potential Negative Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Institutional

Responsibility

Cost

Estimates

Construction

Pipe laying

activities

Disruption and damage to existing

community structures and

facilities

- Pipe laying will cause temporary

disruption of community services

and access to properties.

- Damage community facilities such

as roads, driveways to properties

and pathways to private and public

areas during pipe laying.

- Particularly at pipe road crossings,

construction activities along roads

may lead to temporary blockage of

lane and hamper movement of

vehicles and people in the

community.

- Provide temporary accesses to affected

properties using durable materials. Particular

attention will be given to ensuring safety along

roads and paths normally used by school

children.

- Side street parking of construction vehicles on

prolonged basis will not be allowed.

- Install barriers and safety warning signs on

road sections and if necessary, deploy traffic

aid/flag persons at affected locations.

- Provide information boards on the project

details, schedule and PWW contact numbers.

- Immediately repair the excavated areas and

any damaged structures such as roads,

driveways, gates, and paths. Ensure that

restoration is accepted by the affected person.

Construction

Contractor

Included in

bid price

for work

Soil digging and

movement of

construction

materials

Note: To be

applied also for

the construction

of river concrete

slope protection

Air pollution

- Dust and air emissions from

digging and movement of vehicles.

- Require the Contractor to cover materials with

tarpaulin or other suitable materials while in

transit to avoid spillage of materials.

- Moisten earthen roads during dry and dusty

conditions, particularly roads near residences

and through the town core area.

- Impose speed limits on construction vehicles.

- Conduct maintenance on construction

equipment and vehicles to control air

emissions during vehicle operation.

Construction

Contractor

Included in

bid price

for work

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Responsibility

Cost

Estimates

works in WTP

area.

- Construction should be done on dry season.

Breaking

concrete or

pavement (entry

point at NR6)

Noise

- There will be minimal noise to be

generated during construction

works except in areas where there

is a need to break the concrete or

asphalt pavement. Noise levels

ranging from 82 to 88 dBA may be

experienced in areas at the

distance of 15 to 30 meters from

the source.

- Limit construction activities particularly operation

of noise generating equipment at night.

- Position any stationary equipment that

produce high noise levels such as excavator

as far as practical from sensitive receptors.

- Erect temporary walls around construction sites

especially near schools, hospitals, and houses.

- Install noise suppression devices to noise

generating equipment.

- Require drivers to minimize blowing of horn

and to comply with speed limits

- Provide information to community on schedule

of construction activities through billboard/

signs and complaint hotline.

Construction

Contractor

Included in

bid price

for work

Soil excavation,

disposal of debris

to and from the

site, and

construction

worker offsite

housing

Note: To be

applied also for

the construction

of river concrete

Generation of dug soil and other

construction debris

- Generation of dug materials during

pipe laying.

- Domestic solid wastes, domestic

wastewater, inert construction

wastes, and hazardous wastes

during construction may result to

pollution of the environment.

- During pipe laying, excavated material will be

reused to cover back the trench. The

Contractor will be required to properly

reinstate the excavated trench after

completion of pipe laying.

- Undertake segregation of hazardous and non-

hazardous wastes, including properly labeled

waste disposal bins.

- Instruct workers not to indiscriminately dispose

wastes particularly at surrounding areas,

canals, rivers, field, and other public areas.

- All solid waste will be regularly collected and

Construction

Contractor

Included in

bid price

for work

21


Responsibility

Cost

Estimates

slope protection

works in WTP

area.

removed from the work camps and disposed

to areas approved by local authorities.

Construction

works

Note: To be

applied also for

the construction

of river concrete

slope protection

works in WTP

area.

Workers' health and safety

- Workers may be exposed to risks

to health and safety due to

physical hazards, exposure to dust

and noise, falling objects, and

ergonomic injuries.

- Potential conflict with local people

will occur if migrant workers will be

brought to the site.

- Orient workers and implement measures to

ensure construction safety; fire prevention and

management; worker education and

awareness for HIV/AIDS and other sexually

transmitted diseases; and control measure for

mosquito and other vector diseases.

- Require workers to adhere to guidelines

relating to minimum distances for excavations,

tools, vehicles, and other activities in the

ROWs of the water distribution lines.

- Provision of first-aid kit and it is readily

accessible by workers.

- Conduct training of workers in the identification

and management of occupational hazards.

- Post safety signs, reminders, or warning

notices at visible areas onsite.

- Strictly implement a “No-Alcohol, No-Gambling

and No-Dangerous Drug Policy” at the construction site.

- Provide PPEs such as hard hats, gloves,

safety boots, ear protection, breathing masks,

etc. Wearing of PPEs, while working onsite

will be a mandatory requirement for workers.

- The Contractor should ensure that child

laborers and trafficked workers are not

Construction

Contractor

Included in

bid price

for work

22


Responsibility

Cost

Estimates

employed.

- The Contractor will be required to provide

priority hiring of qualified construction workers

from the villages and to consult with the local

to avoid conflict if migrant workers will be

brought to the site.

Construction

works (including

at the entry point

at NR6)

Note: To be

applied also for

the construction

of river concrete

slope protection

works in WTP

area.

Community health and safety

- Risks to community health and

safety due to pipe laying and

unauthorized entry of villagers into

dangerous working areas

- Provide advance notification of proposed pipe

laying activities, locations and schedules to

local residents, hospitals, schools, businesses,

and other institutions. Regular coordinate with

affected parties during project construction.

- Install safety barriers and plates in open

excavations to avoid unauthorized or

accidental access by the public.

- Provide safe access and passageways to

properties and establishments for pedestrians

affected by pipe laying works. This will include

temporary pathways and crossings (e.g. metal

or durable wooden plates) over excavated

areas or trenches.

- Conduct daily cleaning of the work area and

sweeping of the road shoulder.

- Backfill and cover the excavated areas after

pipe laying activities.

- Reinstate good quality permanent accesses

following completion of construction works.

- Post informational boards with contact name

and numbers whereby local residents,

Construction

Contractor

Included in

bid price

for work

23


Responsibility

Cost

Estimates

business operators, farmers and other

establishments can report issues related to

access restrictions.

- Implement the Grievance Redress Mechanism

to manage complaints from the community.

Assign a focal person to receive community

complaints in accordance with the Grievance

Redress Mechanism (GRM).

- Document all complaints received and actions

taken by the contractor to resolve the

complaint.

Pipe laying and

other

construction

works

Traffic

Pipe laying activities may potentially

affect traffic movements and could

result to closure of a road section.

- Coordinate the proposed construction

activities, schedules, and traffic management

plan with the local authorities and police.

- Post informational boards in case of temporary

lane closures.

- Employ trained flaggers to direct traffic

movements in areas with lane closures.

- Use traffic control and warning devices such

as lights, signs, traffic cones, flashing board,

bollards, and barricades to alert vehicles and

pedestrians about lane closures, equipment

use, excavations, and other potential hazards.

- In areas that are busy during the daytime,

construction work may be conducted during

nighttime to minimize traffic disruption.

Construction

Contractor

Included in

bid price

for work

Additional mitigation for the construction of River Concrete Slope Protection Works and other

project-related activities as applicable

24


Responsibility

Cost

Estimates

Construction of river concrete slope protection works

Water Pollution, Sedimentation Earthworks, formworks, concreting activities may cause sedimentation and water pollution.

- Install sediment/silt trap and temporary

drainage.

- Employ appropriate construction methods (i.e.

best and most efficient methodologies - the

alternative method of construction which is

quicker and more efficient than those

suggested.

Note: The project owner needs to be informed

if the contractor selects a different construction

methodology to the one specified in the

request to approved costing or the one the

contractor proposed in their price submission.

In particular, if the contractor decides on using

different materials these will have to be

approved by the PMU/PIAC.)

- Construction should be done on dry season

Construction

Contractor

Included in

bid price

for work

Impacts on Biodiversity -Impacts on the existing biodiversity

elements at the construction sites.

- Protect biodiversity, avoid as much as possible disturbance to flora (e.g trees, grasses and other vegetations ) and fauna (e.g. bees or migratory species ). - Fully reinstate pathways and any biodiversity

at least to their pre-project condition upon the

completion of construction.

Construction Contractor

Included in bid price for work

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B. Institutional Arrangements

26. Adopting the institutional arrangement for the existing projects, the General

Department of Potable Water Supply at central level under Ministry of Industry and

Handicraft (MIH) is the executing agency, and will establish the Project Management Unit

(PMU) to execute the Project. The PMU will assign responsibility for environmental

aspects to a particular individual as staff PMU Safeguard Management Officer (PSMO)

who is engaged full time with implementation of the project to monitor implementation of

mitigation measures. PWW will be the implementation agency for the subproject. PWW

will establish a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) to manage the implementation of the

Subproject at Kampong Thom Province.

27. The PMU will engage Contractors for specific works, based on the subcontract

packages considered most suitable for execution. Legal clauses regarding mitigation

measures are required to be included in construction contract bidding documents and

become part of contract agreements. For the main construction contracts, the Contractor

will be required to appoint a staff Construction Environmental Management Officer

(CEMO) responsible for supervising implementation of mitigation measures during the

execution of the contract. The contractor will be required to prepare a Construction

Management Plan (CMP) to ensure construction does not adversely affect health, safety,

amenity, traffic or the environment in the surrounding area. The CEMO working with the

Contractor’s Site Manager is responsible for preparing this plan prior to the start of construction and receiving approval for the plan from the PMU before the start of

construction. The CEMO will serve as a point of contact that is accountable for

environmental aspects of the construction work. For smaller construction contracts or

subcontracts, the (sub-) contractor will still be held accountable for implementation of

mitigation measures through a system of quality assurance supervised by the PMU.

28. General notes/reminders for the PMU, work supervisors and environmental safeguards specialists are as follows:

• As a precautionary measure, the PMU team shall inform ADB prior to construction start (formless by Email), confirming that you have received and cleared the Contractor Environmental Management Plan (CEMP/CMP) and that it is in line with the DDR and the updated EMP. Furthermore, the contractor shall confirm that they have an environmental health and safety officer (EHS/CEMO) as part of the construction team.

• Ensure that CEMP/CMP monitoring and reporting to the project owner/client shall be on a monthly basis throughout the construction period using the provided reporting format sample in annex to the EMP. This shall also be clearly stipulated in the bidding documents requirements for the Contractors.

• As part of the pre-construction phase, all the existing biodiversity elements at the construction sites need to be accounted for. It is the responsibility of the contractor to fully reinstate pathways and any biodiversity at least to their pre-project condition upon the completion of construction. This needs to be accounted for in the mitigation budget, reflected in the respective CEMPs / CMPs and in the environmental safeguards monitoring report to ADB. To consider climate impacts, resilience and adaptation measures, the environmental analysis should analyze if reinstating different types of

26

biodiversity than the original one would be more suitable for long-term sustainability under the forecasted climate impacts, i.e. different types of trees, shrubs or bushes could be more suitable. Such an analysis shall also factor in impacts to any native fauna (e.g. bees or migratory species) as not to negatively impact the interaction of flora and fauna.

29. The PMU has direct responsibility for monitoring the implementation of the

mitigation measures. The PSMO will be assisted in tasks by the Environmental Specialists

(ES), consultants who are part of the Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC) and

support all the subprojects undertaken through the loan. Work will commence with

updating and finalizing DDRs and their respective environmental mitigation measures and

monitoring plans, submitting the environmental reviews on behalf of MIH to the Ministry of

Environment, incorporating legal clauses regarding mitigation measures into construction

contract bidding documents, assisting the PSMO in monitoring the implementation of

those measures during the progress of construction, and preparing the environmental

sections of semi-annual reports to be provided to ADB. The ES also will provide training to

PMU and PIU staff. Table 3 describes the functions of various agencies engaged in the

project.

30. Relative to the present project, RGC/Client approval for Environment Clearance

from the Ministry of Environment involves revision of the DDR during the design phase,

coincident with detailed design preparation, and translation of the DDR into Khmer. The

DDR is submitted to the Department of EIA within MOE, which has a period of 30 days to

review and respond with comments, or approve, the DDR. A timeline for updating the

DDR as well as for inclusion of the EMP and special conditions in contract and/or bidding

documents is as follows:

• Project design proceeds over a period of 5 months (anticipated).

• Monitoring of water quality over first two months.

• Concurrently, DDE is updated with new design data.

• By end of month 2, expected issues related to design are resolved.

• DDR undergoes translation (2 weeks).

• DDR submitted to DOE by mid-month 3 of design period.

• DOE has 30 days to review/approve DDR.

• DDR approved by mid-month 4 of design period.

• ADB review runs concurrently with DOE review.

• Final approval from ADB and the Government obtained before detailed design

finalized in time for inclusion in procurement package.

31. The Ministry of Environment (MOE) and the provincial Departments of

Environment (PDOEs) play a role in submittal, review, and approval of DDRs, and

monitoring and reporting. This work takes place during the implementation phase. The ES

will revise and update the DDR based on final designs, and the document should be

translated into Khmer prior to submittal to MOE DEIA, which will engage in the review

process the provincial PDOE where the subproject takes place. Once DEIA approves the

subproject, implementation can proceed with construction mitigation measures mostly in

27

the hands of the Contractor, and the ES, PDOE, PIU and PSMO working together to

perform monitoring and reporting. It will be the job of the PIUs supported by the ES to

compile quarterly reports, which then are compiled into semi-annual safeguard monitoring

reports by the PMU and DSC, supported by the ES. The PSMO and PMU Project Director

will be responsible for submittal of reporting to ADB.

Table 2: Roles and Responsibilities

Agency Role

MIH – GDPWS Project Management Unit (PMU)

Supervision and guidance; assist to appoint staff of PMU; recruited competent national environmental specialist (NES) as part of the DSC to assist design team and PMU; submit DDR to the Ministry of Environment (MOE) for approval; consolidate and submit semi-annual reports to ADB.

Kampong Thom

Provincial Water

Works PIU

Appoint Project Environmental Management Officer (PEMO) to

PMU, who will work with the ES to ensure EMPs are satisfied in

the design and construction of the subproject; review and

approve CMP; supervise and monitor DDR/CMP

implementation; prepare and conduct public consultations,

administer the grievance redress mechanism, monitor

subproject activities and prepare quarterly environmental

reporting at the subproject level.

Design and

Supervision

Consultant (DSC)

National

Environmental

Specialist (ES)

Assist the PEMOs and the PMO to review, update and submit

DDR for approval by MOE; incorporate EMP requirements into

design, specifications and construction contract; coordinate with

other government agencies regarding environmental issues;

organize and implement public consultation and grievance

redress mechanism; monitor activities of design engineer and

construction contractors to assure mitigation measures are

implemented; incorporate environmental reporting into semi-

annual progress reports.

MOE DEIA and

PDOE

Review of DDR; PDOE to support monitoring of mitigation

measures during construction.

Construction

Contractors (CC)

Implement environmental requirements related to construction;

incorporate environmental costs into bid estimate; prepare a

Construction Management Plan (CMP); appoint the Construction

Environmental Management Officer (CEMO); assure all

environmental requirements are followed.

GDPWS/MIH Lab Implement water quality monitoring of raw and treated water

supplies during operations.

C. Environmental Monitoring Plan

32. Environmental monitoring extends during the implementation of the loan and

engages the previously identified groups. Table 4 identifies the monitoring to be

undertaken in respect to the mitigation measures previously identified. The PEMO is

responsible for the bulk of the monitoring being undertaken during the design and

construction periods. During operations, the Kampong Thom Provincial Water Works is

responsible.

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Table 3: Environmental Monitoring Plan

Parameters to be Monitored Location Means of Monitoring Monitoring

Frequency

Responsibility

for Monitoring

Source

of Fund

Pre-Construction Phase

Survey of affected structures (roads,

shops, driveways, fences, gates,

portions of houses, etc.

All project routes Site survey Prior to the

start of civil

works

PEMO, ES,

PDOE

PMU

Construction Phase

Rehabilitation of road shoulder and

driveways after pipe laying

Areas with pipe

laying activities

Visual inspection Daily/weekly PEMO, ES,

PDOE

PMU

EMP implementation

Note: To be applied also for the

concrete slope protection works

All project areas

(construction sites,

camp)


PDOE

PMU

Direct effects on communities from

project impacts such as damage to

properties, dust generation, noise and

safety.

All project routes Gather views and opinions of

communities through

community feedback

Weekly PEMO, ES,

PDOE

PMU

Monitoring of EMP during

construction/excavation, including

compliance to traffic management and

road restoration.

Roads where pipes

cross

Site inspection Daily/weekly PEMO, ES,

PDOE

PMU

Monitoring of water quality Steung Sen River (Kampong Thom Water Works area)


PDOE

PMU

29

VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE

A. Public Consultation

33. Public consultation should be held at the outset of procurement for the

construction of civil works under the project. This is in order to notify the homes and

businesses in the immediate vicinity of the site that work will commence on the project, to

review environmental issues of concern, and to inform the public of the grievance redress

mechanism established under the project.

B. Disclosure

34. Details of the subproject will be disclosed through a process of public consultation

described above. Further to that, MIH will provide the relevant environmental information

for this subproject, including information from the DDR to affected people in a timely

manner, in an accessible place, and in a form and language(s) understandable to them by

providing a copy of the DDR in Khmer language at the PWW office for review by

interested parties. In addition, ADB will post on its website the subproject DDR, updates

prepared during the project implementation period, and environmental monitoring reports

prepared during the implementation period.

VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

35. The Grievance Redress Mechanism for the existing project will be adopted during

the implementation of the proposed project. It states that complaints related to both

environmental and resettlement issues are addressed through the Grievance Redress

Mechanism (GRM). In order to ensure that complaints from all affected persons (APs) on

any aspect of environment, land acquisition, compensation and resettlement are

addressed in a timely and satisfactory manner, and that all possible avenues are available

to APs to air their grievances, a well-defined grievance redress mechanism will be

established. All APs can send any questions to the MIH-PMU about their rights in relation

with redress of environmental problems and entitlement under the resettlement plan. APs

are not required to pay any fee in order to file a complaint at any level. The GRM has

been explained in the public information booklet distributed to all APs, and is explained

here in relation to complaints related to environmental impacts.

36. A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) shall be established before

commencement of site works and shall be chaired by PMU. The GRC shall have

members from the PMU, commune councils, local NGO, and women’s organization. Grievances can be filed in writing or verbally with any member of the GRC. The committee

will have 15 days to respond with a resolution. If unsatisfied with the decision, the

existence of the GRC shall not impede the complainant’s access to the Government’s judicial or administrative remedies.

37. The various stages of filing and resolving complaints are as follows:

Stage 1 - Complaints from APs on any aspect of environmental impacts shall first

be lodged verbally or in written form to the commune or village leader. The

30

commune or village leader will coordinate with the MIH-PMU to decide on a course

of action within 5 days from the day it is lodged. Usually complaints about

environmental impacts are resolved at this stage.

Stage 2 - If no understanding or amicable solution can be reached, or if no

response from the commune or village chief is received by the AP within 5 days of

registering the complaint, he/she can appeal directly to the District Office. The

complaint must be settled within 5 days of registering the original complaint.

Stage 3 - If the AP is not satisfied with the actions made by the District GRC, or in

the absence of any response, the AP can appeal to the Provincial GRC which

must make a written decision and submit copies to the MIH-UWSP and AP.

Stage 4 - If the AP is still not satisfied with the decision of the Provincial GRC on

appeal, or in absence of any response from the MIH-UWSP within the stipulated

time, the AP, as a last resort, may submit his/her case to court of law, whose

judgment is final. APs may also ask for resolution from ADB’s responsible project officer consistent with the provision of the ADB’s accountability mechanism. They can file their complaint through the ADB resident mission in Phnom Penh for

transmittal to the ADB headquarters in Manila.

38.. At each stage, the governing official is responsible for recording the minutes of

meetings, maintaining files on all complaints, and for distributing copies of all decisions to

the PMU and lower level bodies, including commune/village officials and affected parties

and households.

39. The PIU of the Kampong Thom Provincial Water Works shall make public the

existence of this grievance redress mechanism through public awareness campaigns.

They shall set-up a hotline for complaints and the hotline shall be publicized through the

media and numbers placed on the notice boards outside the construction site and at

subnational level of local government offices (e.g., provincial, district, commune levels).

Locally affected people will still be able to express grievances through the commune

councils and these would be referred through the usual channels in those committees.

40.. The PMU will be responsible for checking the procedures and resolutions of

grievances and complaints. The PIA consultant may recommend further measures to be

taken to address unresolved grievances.

IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Conclusion

41. The proposed additional pipeline expansion works and the construction of

concrete slope protection works will likely cause minor environmental impacts. As

screened, an Environmental Management Plan shall be prepared for the two components

based on the final plan/specifications for the project.

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B. Recommendations

42. Potential environmental impacts from the proposed project components during

construction are dust, noise, generation of construction wastes, obstruction to access,

possible damage to existing structures, and others. Specifically, the construction of

concrete slope protection works may cause sedimentation and increase the water

turbidity. Mitigation measures have been set out to mitigate these potential impacts,

reinforced by a set of environmental specifications for the construction contractor. These

measures should be implemented in order to minimize any adverse environmental effects

of the project. The contractor will be required to prepare and submit the construction

methods and Contractor's Environmental Management Plan for approval of the MIH-PMU

and PIAC before the commencement of construction activities.

43. Institutional measures are also in place to obtain compliance from the construction

contractor, to monitor the implementation of mitigation measures and to fulfill reporting

functions related to loan implementation. These institutional measures that constitute the

environmental management framework should also be implemented. Costs related to

mitigation and monitoring were considered, and no special costs have been identified.

32

Appendix 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification

of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and

submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by

the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social

dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on

involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook;

(c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated

mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: Kampong Thom Subcomponent (Expansion) and River

Concrete Slope Protection Works

Sector Division: Urban Water Supply

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

A. PROJECT SITING

Is the project area…

Densely populated? X

Heavy with development activities? X

Adjacent to or within any

environmentally sensitive areas?

X

Cultural heritage site X

Protected Area

• Wetland X

• Mangrove X

• Estuarine X .

• Buffer zone of protected area X

• Special area for protecting biodiversity X

• Bay X

B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACTS

Will the Project cause…

pollution of raw water supply from

upstream wastewater discharge from

communities, industries, agriculture, and

soil erosion runoff?

x

impairment of historical/cultural

monuments/areas and loss/damage to

these sites?

x

33


hazard of land subsidence caused by

excessive ground water pumping?

x

social conflicts arising from displacement

of communities?

x

conflicts in abstraction of raw water for

water supply with other beneficial water

uses for surface and ground waters?

x

unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g.

excessive pathogens or mineral

constituents)?

x

delivery of unsafe water to distribution

system?

x

inadequate protection of intake works or

wells, leading to pollution of water

supply?

x

over pumping of ground water, leading

to salinization and ground subsidence?

x

excessive algal growth in storage

reservoir?

x

increase in production of sewage

beyond capabilities of community

facilities?

x

inadequate disposal of sludge from

water treatment plants?

x

inadequate buffer zone around pumping

and treatment plants to alleviate noise

and other possible nuisances and

protect facilities?

x

impairments associated with

transmission lines and access roads?

x

health hazards arising from inadequate

design of facilities for receiving, storing,

and handling of chlorine and other

hazardous chemicals?

x

health and safety hazards to workers

from handling and management of

chlorine used for disinfection, other

contaminants, and biological and

physical hazards during project

construction and operation?

x

dislocation or involuntary resettlement of

people?

x

disproportionate impacts on the poor,

women and children, Indigenous

Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

x

34


noise and dust from construction

activities?

x Minimal only. The contractor

will be required to prepare

and implement the

Contractor's Environmental

Management Plan (CEMP)

increased road traffic due to interference

of construction activities?

x Minimal only. The contractor

will be required to prepare

and implement the

Contractor's Environmental

Management Plan. PIU will

coordinate with Heads of

Commune to oversee and

assist in the management of

traffic.

continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from

construction operations?

x

delivery of unsafe water due to poor

O&M treatment processes (especially

mud accumulations in filters) and

inadequate chlorination due to lack of

adequate monitoring of chlorine

residuals in distribution systems?

x

delivery of water to distribution system,

which is corrosive due to inadequate

attention to feeding of corrective

chemicals?

x

accidental leakage of chlorine gas? x

excessive abstraction of water affecting

downstream water users?

x

competing uses of water? x

increased sewage flow due to increased

water supply?

x

increased volume of sullage (wastewater

from cooking and washing) and sludge

from wastewater treatment plant?

x

large population influx during project

construction and operation that causes

increased burden on social infrastructure

and services (such as water supply and

sanitation systems)?

x

social conflicts if workers from other

regions or countries are hired?

x

risks to community health and safety due

to the transport, storage, and use and/or

disposal of materials such as explosives,

fuel and other chemicals during

x

35


operation and construction?

community safety risks due to both

accidental and natural hazards,

especially where the structural elements

or components of the project are

accessible to members of the affected

community or where their failure could

result in injury to the community

throughout project construction,

operation and decommissioning?

x

A. Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening

Country/Project Title: Kampong Thom Subcomponent (Expansion) and River Concrete Slope Protection Works Sector: Urban Water Supply Project Subsector: Urban Water Supply Project Division/Department: General Department of Potable Water Supply

Screening Questions Score Remarks1 Location and Design of project

Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its components) likely to be affected by climate conditions including extreme weather related events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides?

1 By nature, much of the Kampong Thom area is located on the floodplain of Lake Tonle Sap.

Would the project design (e.g. the clearance

for bridges) need to consider any hydro-

meteorological parameters (e.g., sea-level,

peak river flow, reliable water level, peak wind

speed etc.)?

0

Materials and

Maintenance

Would weather, current and likely future

climate conditions (e.g. prevailing humidity

level, temperature contrast between hot

summer days and cold winter days, exposure

to wind and humidity hydro-meteorological

parameters likely affect the selection of

project inputs over the life of project

outputs(e.g. construction material)?

0

Would weather, current and likely future

climate conditions, and related extreme

0

1 If possible, provide details on the sensitivity of project components to climate conditions, such as how climate parameters

are considered in design standards for infrastructure components, how changes in key climate parameters and sea level

might affect the siting/routing of project, the selection of construction material and/or scheduling, performances and/or the

maintenance cost/scheduling of project outputs.

36

Screening Questions Score Remarks1 events likely affect the maintenance

(scheduling and cost) of project output(s)?

Performance

of project

outputs

Would weather/climate conditions, and related

extreme events likely affect the performance

(e.g. annual power production) of project

output(s) (e.g. hydro-power generation

facilities) throughout their design life time?

0

Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below:

Response scope

Not likely 0

Likely 1

Very likely 2

Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If

adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any

single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or

more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response,

will be categorized as high risk project.

Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): _____Low______

Other Comments: The existing water supply project is already operating. MIH-PMU and

PIU are requesting for additional distribution pipe laying works in Roluos village, Srayov

Sangkat, Stueng Saen Municipality, Kampong Thom.

cambodia: urban water supply project kampong …...environmental due diligence report project...

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