CAESAR II Version 5.20 Changes This document describes the use of the new features incorporated into CAESAR II Version 5.20. Where data input fields are involved it is suggested that the on-line help also be referenced.

ISO-14692 Code added:

The ISO-14692 addresses the analysis of Fiber Reinforce Piping (FRP). Qualification is based on the comparison of actual stresses (hoop and axial) to a failure envelope – there is no single allowable stress value. For the proper implementation of this Code a number of FRP specific quantities MUST BE defined, as shown in the figure below.

For details on the input fields in the figure above, please consult the “help text”.

Loop Optimization Wizard added:

A “Loop Optimization Wizard” has been incorporated to assist in expansion loop design. This wizard allows you to specify which element the loop should be incorporated into, the type of loop, the item to be optimized (nodal stress or restraint load), and the target value to which it should be optimized. When invoked, the optimization routines runs the analysis (multiple times) to arrive at an acceptable loop size such that the “code stress” or “restraint load” on the target element is at the specified limit. Besides offering the user the opportunity to specify various loop configurations and a selection of Height to Width ratios, an option is also provided to permit CAESAR II to select the most economical (based on length of pipe and number of bends) of those possible.

To utilize this optimization wizard, the job must be run at least once (so that there is an issue, such as an overstress, to resolve), plus no changes can have been made subsequently (in other words, the results to be optimized must be current). The process can be illustrated by the provided example LOOP-WIZARD.C2, as described below.

Reviewing the results of the LOOP-WIZARD job shows that it is suffering an expansion overstress of 46,741 psi vs. an allowable of 41,288 psi at node 20. We may postulate that this is due to the expansion of the long run 60-140, and that a loop should be installed somewhere along that run. The question is where, and how big should it be?

Prior to invoking the Loop Optimizer it may be a good idea to examine the area of the plant surrounding the piping system. This can be done by importing the CADWorx (or AutoCAD) plant model, using the

icon. In this case, the model ..\EXAMPLES\LOOP-WIZARD-PLANT\OVERALL.DWG should be imported – it shows that there is a convenient area to place a loop beside element 60-70.

This element should be selected, and then the optimizer wizard invoked from either the “Model” menu

or from the toolbar by clicking . This button brings up the “Optimizer Dialog” as shown in the figure below.

Additional information must be defined for the Optimization Wizard as follows:

1) Loop 60-70 is already indicated as the element upon which the loop will be installed – it may be changed from the drop list, or by selecting other elements graphically.

2) Designate the Optimization type (Stress, in this case). Optionally, restraint load components may be optimized as well.

3) Select the load case to be optimized (Expansion for this example). This fills in the “element list” (showing stresses) on the left of the dialog.

4) Define a “target maximum” stress. This value refines the “element list”, showing only those elements with stress levels higher than the target. For this example, we may wish to optimize the stress level to 36,000 psi.

5) From this reduced element list, click on the node/element combination whose stress should be optimized to that level. Alternatively, clicking the “Max Stress” box limits the maximum stress in the system to the target value. That is what should be done in this example.

6) Select the “loop type” from the available icons. In this example the 1st loop type – “loop installed at From-end of element” is selected.

7) Select the “Height to Width” ratio. Standard ratios such as 2.0, 1.0, or 0.5 may be selected. Or the loop height may be allowed to vary to any size (while keeping the width constant) by picking the “<none>” option (in this case, the terminal run of pipe will be set to one bend radius, with the loop width fixed to the remaining length of element 60-70). This is what should be selected for this example>

At this point there are two alternatives to indicating where the loop should be placed.

8a) Based on the “loop type” selected, the loop direction (or directions) should be defined next. The “major direction” is the direction off of the element where the loop is to be inserted. The “minor direction” (if necessary) is perpendicular to the “major direction” and is used to indicate the second direction of the 2-D loop types.

8b) Click on the “Draw Cube” button. This will generate a transparent cube anchored on the selected element. The mouse can be used to adjust the size and location of this cube. Using the corner points (Pt1 or Pt2) adjusts the major direction of the loop and available space. Using the “triangle” adjusts the minor axis of the loop and available space. This cube should be dragged

over the decking adjacent to element 60-70, to build a cube with a Major dimension of 17 ft 11 inches in the –X direction.

The completed dialog for methods “5b” is shown in the figure below.

Once the dialog is completed, the [Design] button can be clicked to invoke the optimization procedure. The progress of the design scheme is shown in a “monitor window”. Once the appropriate loop has been designed, the user is informed of how much pipe and how many bends were required to create the loop.

By using the undo button , followed by subsequent invocations of the Loop Wizard using different loop types, this information can be used to find the most economical implementation.

When the optimizer finishes, the new expansion loop is inserted into the selected element as shown in the figure below.

A final analysis should be run to verify all results. Note that there are instances where the optimizer will report an error. Examples of such situations are: (a) requesting a loop insertion in an element that is not long enough, or (b) setting an impossible target maximum.

There is one other control on the “Loop Optimization Wizard” dialog that deserves special note -- the “special loop type” indicated on the dialog by the “lightning bolt”. (This is shown circled in the image below.)

Selecting this loop type permits CAESAR II to pick the “best” loop to reach the indicated target. The “best” characteristic of each loop is based on the relative cost of bends to straight pipe. When this loop type is selected, the “bend cost factor” edit box is activated. The default value of 100 indicates that a bend costs 100 times as much as the equivalent length of straight pipe. This value can be adjusted as necessary.

“American LifeLines Alliance” Soil Model added:

The “Buried Pipe Modeler” now supports the “American LifeLines Alliance” as a second soil stiffness method. Switching the “Soil Model Type” from “CAESAR II Basic Model” to “American Lifelines Alliance” changes the input dialog as shown in the figure below.

Details on each input field can be found in the on-line help text. Once this data is defined, the American Lifelines Alliance method is used to determine the stiffness of the soil restraints added to the buried model.

Additional Wind Codes added:

Ten additional wind codes have been added to the software. The appropriate wind code for analysis can be selected from the “Wind Loads” tab of the Static Load Case Editor, as shown in the figure below.

Selecting a particular Wind Code changes the right half of the dialog to present the necessary input fields for the activated Code, as shown in the figure below for EN-2005.

A “Seismic Wizard” has been Added:

A (static) Seismic Wizard has been added to assist in determining the “G factor” used in “static seismic”

loading conditions. The Seismic Wizard (started by clicking this button ) allows the selection of three seismci codes, from which the “G factor” is computed, as shown in the dialogs below.

After defining the appropriate values petaining to the selected Seismic Code, clicking the [Ok] button computes the “G factor”, sets the uniform load fields to “G’s”, and then defines the “G factors” on the uniform load grid.

The Number of Allowed Static Load Cases Increased:

Many users have stated the need for the ability to analyze more than 99 static load cases. Version 5.20 permitts up to 999 static load cases, as seen in the figure below.

Automatic Valve/Flange Insertion added:

The valve/flange insertion routine has been modified to “cut back” the straight pipe length if necessary. This permits a run of pipe to be defined, and the valve “dropped in”, as shown in the sequence of figures below.

1) Original Element (length = 6ft) 2) Valve Selection

3) Inserted Valve 4) Cut-back Pipe Element

Mexican Response Spectrum :

For response spectrum seismic analysis, the Mexican Seismic Code can be used to generate a response spectrum. The spectrum can be generated from the Dynamic Input by clicking on the “DLF/Spectrum

Generator” toolb ar button . After the dialog is displayed, select the “CFE Diseno or Sismo” option and fill in the corresponding data on the right, as shown in the figure below.

After defining the necessary data, clicking on the [Generate Specturm] button will create the spectrum, as shown below.

This spectrum and its associated data are also linked with the remainder of the dynamic input stream.

Drop Lists added for Input Efficiency:

A number of “drop lists” have been added to the Piping Input Spreadsheet to assist with input specification. These “drop lists” appear on the “insulation density” and “bend radius” fields, as shown in the figures below.

Selecting an insulation name (or a refractory name) automatically fills in the numeric density value. For bends, additional standard radii names have been incorporated. Selecting any of these bend types will result in the corresponding radius computed and used durning Error Checking.

Spring Hanger Definition Improvement:

Spring Hanger Table definition has been streamlined through the addition of three checkboxes for: cold load design, extended range springs, and centered hot load. In previous versions these options were made by selecting from a long list of hanger tables. This change is significantly more intuitive.

File Open / Job Roll-Back Implemented:

The “File Open” dialog has been improved to permit the “roll-back” to earlier revisions of the (piping) input. This procedure is illustrated in the following figures.

Select “File / Open” from the Main Menu, then click on the desired job. Once a job has been selected, if there are earlier revisions available, they are listed in the lower right corner of the dialog. (Only 25 revisions are saved, with the oldest being deleted if necessary.)

To revert to an earlier revision, select the desired input from the list, based on the date stamp.

Clicking on [Open] brings up a confirmation dialog. Clicking [Yes] here restores the selected revision.

\Examples and \System Moved:

“User writeable” subdirectories have been moved from below \caesarii to the %allusersprofile%” area. This change was implemented due to client requirements and Microsoft security recommendations – specifically “users shall not have write or delete permissions to \Program-Files”).

There may be a need to copy examples or to change data in the \system directory. For these reasons users need to be able to find and manipulate these directories.

The %allusersprofile% area is a guaranteed “writeable” location setup by the operating system. In Windows XP, this location resolves to “c:\documents and settings\all users”. CAESAR II then navigates below this to “C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\COADE, Inc\CAESAR II\5.20” to create the \system and \examples folders. Note that in some instances “\application data” is a “hidden” folder, so Explorer settings will have to be changed to see this. In Windows Vista the %allusersprofile% variable resolves to “c:\program data”.

This directory structure can be seen visually using the CAESAR II File-Open dialog. In the figure above, notice just below the thumbnail graphic of the piping system the two buttons: [System] and [Examples]. Clicking on either of these buttons switches the “file list” area to that directory. A subsequent click in the address bar expands the directory structure, as shown in the figure below.

CADWorx Valve/Flange Data Moved:

Similar to the \Examples and \System directories, the data directories containing the CADWorx valve & flange data files (\spec, \lib_i, and \lib_m) have also been moved from below \caesarii to the %allusersprofile%” area. This relocaton of these directories is necessary since users may have the need to modify the data contained in these structures.

Automated E-Mail Template Generation added:

To aid in Technical Support, Version 5.20 can generate an e-mail template with basic machine and (CAESAR II) version details. This information is typically what is necessary to resolve technical support issues, and when not provided slows down problem resolution.

To invoke this option, pull down the “Help Menu” and select “Email COADE” as shown in the figure below.

This selection invokes the default e-mail client and populates an e-mail with the information shown in the figure below. Note, your information will vary.

Note that the e-mail is properly addressed to COADE Technical Support and contains all information relevant to your CAESAR II installation. All you need to do is type your problem description (at the top where it says “<type message here>”, and attach any necessary files.