c-v2x overview and solution - files.keysightevent.com

Jian-Hua Wu 吳建樺 2021. 1. 13

Sr. Project Manager / Keysight Technologies

C - V 2 X O V E R V I E W A N D S O L U T I O N

Keysight AV自駕車 x EV電動車 Seminar

2Keysight AV自駕車 x EV電動車 Seminar

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E N H A N C E D S A F E T Y, E N A B L I N G H I G H E R L E V E L S O F A U T O M AT I O N

Source: Qualcomm

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Provides 360 NLOS awareness, works at

night and in bad weather conditions

Shares intent, sensor data, and

path planning info for higher level

of predictability

Offers increased electronic

Horizon to support soft safety

Alerts and graduated warning


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Enhancing Vehicle Safety & AutonomyW I R E L E S S R A N G E , P E R F O R M A N C E , L AT E N C Y & S P E E D

• Vision for connected automated vehicles (CAVs):

Achieving fewer accidents, greater safety, more time

• Requirement: Dependable wireless communication

• Attributes: Superior range, high performance, low latency,

high-speed connectivity

• Enhancing connectivity: “Vehicle to everything” or V2X

• Goal: Enhanced safety & higher levels of autonomy

• Situation: DSRC & Cellular-V2X technologies vying for dominance

• Leveraging 5G: C-V2X

• Foundation: 5G New Radio (5G NR)

• Advantages: Ultra-reliable, low latency, high bandwidth


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T E C H N I C A L & P E R F O R M A N C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S

V2X Technology Comparison – DSRC vs C-V2X

Parameter DSRC(WAVE) ITS-G5 C-V2X

LTE-V2X NR-V2X

Standards IEEE 802.11p

IEEE 1609.2/3/4

SAE J2945/1

IEEE 802.11p

ETSI specifications (ITS-

G5/C-ITS protocol stack)

3GPP releases 14, 15

SAE J3161

3GPP release 16

SAE J3161

Operating Frequency 5.850 – 5.925 GHz

(7 channels, 1 guard band)

5.855 – 5.925 GHz

(7 channels)

5.855 – 5.925 GHz(PC5)

Licensed cellular spectrum

for Uu-based V2N

connectivity

5.855 – 5.925 GHz(PC5)

Licensed cellular spectrum

for Uu-based V2N

connectivity

Channel Bandwidth 10/20 MHz 10 MHz 10/20 MHz for PC5

1.4 to 20 MHz for Uu

Wider bandwidths of up to

400 MHz, in addition to

10/20 MHz

SynchronizationAsynchronous Asynchronous Synchronous Synchronous

Channel Coding Convolutional coding Convolutional coding Turbo coding LDPC /Polar coding

Channel Access Mechanism CSMA/CA CSMA/CA Centralized or distributed

scheduling − based on

sensing with semi-persistent

transmission

Centralized or distributed

scheduling − based on

sensing with semi-persistent

transmission

Latency 5 – 20 milliseconds 5 – 20 milliseconds 10 – 20 milliseconds for PC5

20 – 50 milliseconds for Uu

< 1 millisecond for time-

critical V2X applications

Consortium OmniAir Car 2 Car 5GAA 5GAAKeysight AV自駕車 x EV電動車 Seminar

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• Evolution to 5G

• Better Security

• Improved Range

• Enhanced Reliability

• Vulnerable Road User (VRU) Use Cases

• Ecosystem of 120+ companies in the 5GAA

L e v e r a g i n g a n u b i q u i t o u s s t a n d a r d


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• Spectrum : FCC Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM), Dec 2019

• FCC votes to open 5.9 GHz for Wi-Fi, C-V2X (5.850-5.925 GHz)

• Upper 30MHz for C-V2X

• Lower 45MHz for unlicensed operations (Wi-Fi)

• Achieving technical maturity and market introduction.

• First ETSI , 5GAA C-V2X interoperability test in Dec 2019

• OmniAir perform C-V2X plugfest event in Sep 2019/2020

• IMT-2020, Interoperability test, Oct 2019 Shanghai, 2020

• OEM invest 5G concept car

• 5G smart cockpit

• Remote Driving

• 4K video image transmission for visibility

T R E N D

C-V2X OmniAir Test Suite and RFA C-V2X

REF: https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-modernizes-59-ghz-band-improve-wi-fi-and-automotive-safety

https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-modernizes-59-ghz-band-improve-wi-fi-and-automotive-safety

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E X A M P L E S


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F R E Q U E N C Y B A N D S P E R R E G I O N

5.9GHz 700MHz

GEOGRAPHY

ITS Service

Frequency

5905~5925

MHz

5850~5925

Mhz

5905~592

5MHz

5855~5875

MHz

5855~5925

MHz

5855~5925

MHz

760MHz,

5.8GHz

Regulatory,

Standards

EC, ECC

ETSI

FCC, US

DOT

IEEE,3GPP

CCSA

C-ITS

IMDA ACMA TTA

ITS-Korea

ASL

ARIB

Technology

Hybrid

connection

SR : ITS-G5

LR : Cellular

DSRC, C-V2X LTE-V2X

(C-V2X)

Based on

802.11p, WAVE

EN 302 571 802.11p and C-

V2X

DSRC, C-V2X

*FCC Modernizes 5.9 GHz Band For Wi-Fi And Auto Safety - C-V2X and Wi-Fi-sharing is in at 5.9 GHz (FCC official on Nov 18, 2020)


https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-modernizes-59-ghz-band-improve-wi-fi-and-automotive-safety

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• Big picture: Overlapping cycles of innovation

O R G A N I Z AT I O N A L I M P L I C AT I O N S

Testing Must Also Evolve

* Will be region-dependent

Stage of Cycle R14 C-V2X R15 C-V2X R16 C-V2X R17 C-V2X

Development Done Minor enhancements In development Future…

Conformance &

CertificationBeing developed Under consideration To be determined To be determined

Deployment 2020/2021* 2020/2021* 2022/2023 2024/2025


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PA S T, P R E S E N T & F U T U R E

Testing Becomes More Challenging

• Issue 1: Designing to standards is a moving target

• 3GPP standards for C-V2X (e.g., NR-V2X) are still evolving

• New capabilities, technologies, frequencies, bandwidths, data rates...

• Issue 2: CAV use cases becoming more challenging

• Complex scenarios, congestion, sensor sharing, interoperability, etc.

• NR-V2X enables highly advanced scenarios

• Issue 3: Backwards compatibility is mandatory

• Testing new releases will be critical

• Testing legacy releases will be essential


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Mobile LTE /

Cellular Network ITS apps

Edge cloud (MEC) + Core network

RoadsideInfra(eNB-type RSU)

NB-IoT

Parking or House

local sensors local sensors

LTE V2V LTE V2V LTE V2V

LTE V2V

LTE V2P

LTE V2N2I

LTE V2N2I

LTE eMBMS

LTE V2I

LTE V2N

Vehicle mgt

OEM backend

V 2 X U S I N G C E L L U L A R T E C H N O L O G I E S W I T H O R W I T H O U T N E T W O R K S E R V I C E

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• Network

• Slower latency

• Uu interface with eNodeB

• V2N at the spectrums owned by network service providers

• Network required (e.g. Carrier Aggregation)

• Long range (more than 1 kilometers)

• Direct

• Lower latency

• PC5 interface without eNodeB

• V2V, V2P, V2I at ITS bands (e.g. 5.9GHz)

• Network independent

• Short range (less than 1 kilometer)

C - V 2 X , T W O C O M P L E M E N TA R Y C O M M U N I C AT I O N M O D E S


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• R16: Significantly enhances C-V2X PC5 link

• V2V/V2I: 5G NR improves latency & connectivity in sidelink

• What to watch out for in...

• Development • R16 specs frozen by July 2020

• 3GPP working on R17 now, freeze planned for Sept 2021

• Test requirements & capabilities must evolve with releases• Ex: High-precision location, cooperative maneuvering, platooning,

sensor sharing...

• Conformance & certification• Assume conformance testing will be mandatory

• Use cases will become more complex & more detailed

• Successful pre-conformance testing will depend on compliant solutions

• Interoperability & interference test• Plugfests planned across all regions

• Mitigation of coexistence interference with adjacent spectrum

A N E W C Y C L E B E G I N S

Preparing for R16 & Beyond


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• Evolution of Cellular V2X

• Rel-14 LTE V2X: (3GPP V2X phase 1)• Basic road safety support

• Vehicles (i.e., UEs supporting V2X applications) can exchange their own status information through sidelink, such as position, speed and heading, with other nearby vehicles, infrastructure nodes and/or pedestrians.

• Rel-15 LTE V2X (3GPP V2X phase 2)• Increase data speed and reduce latency

• Rel-15 introduces a number of new features in sidelink, including: carrier aggregation, high order modulation, latency reduction, and feasibility study on both transmission diversity and short TTI in sidelink.

• NR V2X complements LTE V2X with advanced use cases (3GPP

V2X phase 3)

• Advanced use cases for NR V2X

• Increased situational awareness, sensor sharing, coordinated

driving and intention sharing, real-time infrastructure updates, …

O V E R V I E W O F N R R E L - 1 6 ( R A N 1 )

V2X (Sidelink)

R16

V2X UE

R14

V2X UE

R16

V2X UE

R16

V2X UE

Keysight World

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• NR V2X or LTE V2X?

• TR 38.913 : it is not intended for NR V2X to replace the services

offered by LTE V2X. Instead, the NR V2X shall complement LTE

V2X for advanced V2X services and support interworking with LTE

V2X. …

• NR V2X Features in Rel-16

• Sidelink

• Cross-RAT control (i.e. NR Uu controls LTE PC5)

• QoS management

• Compatibility and coexistence with Rel-14/15 LTE V2X


V2X (Sidelink)

R16

V2X UE

R14

V2X UE

R16

V2X UE

R16

V2X UE

Keysight World

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• Access link between gNB and UEs (i.e. DL/UL)

• Sidelink (SL) between UEs

• V2X is not the only possible use case for Sidelink

• NR sidelink extends LTE sidelink

• Unicast

• Groupcast

• Broadcast


V2X (Sidelink)

Sidelink

New to NR sidelink

Supported in LTE sidelink

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

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U X M - 5 G P L AT F O R M


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S I N G L E P L AT F O R M C O V E R W H O L E C - V 2 X S TA C K

PHY

MAC

RLC

PDCPProSe

3G

PP

sco

pe

Network

IPv6

Network &

Transport

Layers

Re

use

sA

uto

motive S

tds

TCP/UDP

Security

Serv

ices Message /

Facilities-Layer

Applications

Safety and non-safety

Non-IP

Nordsys waveBEE

Creator/Touch

ITS-Stack

EXM/SA/SS/UXM5G/

C-V2X Test App

UXM5G C-V2X

Test App


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S U P P O R T I N G O U R C U S T O M E R S W O R K F L O W

Keysight 5G & C-V2X Emulation Solutions

Protocol

Conformance

Carrier

Acceptance

Functional &

ITS Layer

RF / RRM

ConformanceRF DVT

Protocol

R&D

5G/C-V2X Interactive R&D Solutions 5G/C-V2X Device Acceptance Solutions

Keysight 1st

Solutions

across the entire

device R&D

workflow

Common

measurement science,

logging,

and automation

UXM 5G Wireless Test Platform

Interactive

5G/ITS Stack and

Tools


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F R O M P H Y T E S T T O L 3 T E S T

• Meet stringent goals for quality, performance and safety

• Simplify C-V2X protocol and RF measurements with an intuitive user interface

• Emulate GNSS signals with an RF vector signal generator (Keysight N5182B MXG X-Series)

• Utilize an advanced 5G measurement platform (Keysight UXM 5G wireless test set)

• Measure Rel14 C-V2X now and be future-ready for 5G NR V2X

• Be ready for C-V2X conformance testing

• Utilize a comprehensive and holistic approach to testing

• Cover RF, protocol and application-layer testing with a single platform

• Address protocol and functional testing of the Uu and PC5 interfaces

• Characterize transmitter performance: power, error-vector magnitude (EVM), frequency accuracy,

in-band emissions, adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR)

• Perform detailed receiver testing: sensitivity, maximum input level, adjacent-channel selectivity


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PAV E S T H E WAY F O R C O N N E C T E D C A R S

• RF, Protocol, Message & Application Layer test

• Covers both interfaces: - User-to-UTRAN (Uu)

- Direct Communication PHY sidelink (PC5)

• ITS Stack and Application Layer Test

- Offline scenario creation (Nordsys waveBEECreator)

- Execute scenario (NordsysITS stack + Keysight)

- Congestion Scenario Test

• Accelerates deployment of advanced safety features

• Includes GNSS emulator

Tracking evolving

CV2X and future

5G NR V2X

standards

Rel 14 C-V2X

GNSS Emulation

5G NR Ready

C-V2X Test Application

UXM 5G Wireless Test Platform

GNSS

MXG RF vector signal generatorC-V2X X-application

Sig Gen and X-series meas.


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S O L U T I O N O V E R V I E W

DAQ configuration

and Acquisition

External

Trigger

DUT

10MHZ

Ref Signal

LAN Connection

Sidelink RFLTE RF

Serial conn.

(AT commands)GNSS

RF

LTE/C-V2X Test App

LTE

Stack

Sidelink

Stack

ITS Stack


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T E S T A P P L I C AT I O N F R A M E W O R K

LTE Uu

PC5

Network

Settings

Cells Status Bar

Change Network

Settings in real-time

Displays basic SideLink

settings and status

Navigate through Functions

Measurements


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T M 3 S C H E D U L E R , T M 4 T X S C H E D U L E R

Optional Title of the Presentation

LTE Uu

PC5

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H T T P S : / / A B O U T . K E Y S I G H T . C O M / E N / N E W S R O O M / P R / 2 0 1 9 / 2 1 N O V - N R 1 9 1 4 2 . S H T M L


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• GCF Certification already includes

some Automotive features

• LTE V2V / V2X in band 47 (E-UTRA /

Rel-14)

C - V 2 X D E V I C E C E R T I F I C AT I O N

• OmniAir and 5GAA are working to

develop C-ITS certification covering

application layers.

PHY

MAC

RLC

PDCPProSe

3G

PP

sco

pe

Network

IPv6

Network &

Transport

Layers

Re

use

sA

uto

motive S

tds

TCP/UDP

Security

Serv

ices Message /

Facilities-Layer

Applications


Non-IP


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GCF C-V2X Status

Feb 2020: First protocol C-V2X Validation

April 2020: More validations done for C-V2X

• Keysight is the only one with both protocol

and RF C-V2X test cases validated.

• Keysight is exclusive in RF C-V2X test cases

validations.

• In the protocol space, we are equivalent to

other test platform.

WI Description

WI-281-47Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) for E-

UTRAN Rel-14

WI-282-47Vehicle to Everything (V2X) for

E-UTRAN Rel-14


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S8704A Protocol Conformance Toolset

• Keysight equal to TP2

• Keysight is the only one with

validations for both C-V2X RF

and protocol

• Keysight is exclusive in C-V2X

RF validations

Highlights C-V2X Protocol Conformance Validation Status


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S8705A 5G RF/RRM DVT & Conformance Toolset

• Keysight is exclusive in C-

V2X RF validations

• Keysight is the only vendor with

RF and RRM Conformance C-

V2X test case validations

• Keysight is the only one with

validations for both C-V2X RF

and protocol

Highlights C-V2X RF/RRM Conformance Validation Status


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Offline scenario creation(Nordsys waveBEECreator)

• Easy-to-access and quick visual scenario creation via touch-gestures

• All types of V2X messages supported (traffic and infrastructure)

• Supports US, EU standards (China coming soon)

• Multiple entities (cars, traffic lights, etc.) and events in a single scenario

• Easy integration of DUT into scenario

• No need for auxiliary car system modulation (e.g. CAN-bus)

Real World Generate real V2X messages

of scenarios in-field

waveBEE® creator

Live V2X traffic analysis

in the lab

Reduce costs by

simulating multiple car

and ITS station at once.waveBEE® touch

N O R D S Y S A N D K E Y S I G H T S O F T WA R E C O M P O N E N T S

Execute scenario(NordsysITS stack + Keysight)

• Live-simulation and generation of V2X-messages

• Real, secured V2X-communication for realistic scenarios

• Network and physical layer uses UXM5G

• Congestion generation of up to 500 vehicles

Analyze Scenarios(Nordsys waveBEETouch)

• Real-Time visual scenario view

• Human-Readable message information (path history, lane information, signal phases, vehicle dimensions, etc)

• Record and replay function for in-depth analysis

• Detailed message dissection of raw and interpreted values

• Customizable filters for multi-level message analysis


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• Stress test in lab to ensure devices work as designed

• Verify application-layer behavior of devices

• Accurately & repeatably test use cases with varying levels

of congestion (e.g., EEBL, FCW)

• Repeatably test under different congestion conditions (e.g., # stations,

varying distances between stations & more)

• Vary “shapes” of congestion stations (e.g., linear, circular)

• Modify directions of stations during tests

• Vary output power & periodicity based on number of

stations enabled during tests

• Simulate “near real-world” conditions in lab or test house

S T R E S S T E S T T O V E R I F Y P E R F O R M A N C E G O A L S


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S I N G L E P L AT F O R M C O V E R W H O L E C - V 2 X S TA C K


PHY

MAC

RLC

PDCPProSe

3G

PP

sco

pe

Network

IPv6

Network &

Transport

Layers

Re

use

sA

uto

motive S

tds

TCP/UDP

Security

Serv

ices Message /

Facilities-Layer

Applications


Non-IP

Nordsys waveBEE

Creator/Touch

ITS-Stack

EXM/SA/SS/UXM5G/

C-V2X Test App

UXM5G C-V2X

Test App

OmniAir C-V2X Test Suite

RFA C-V2X

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VA L I D AT I N G C R I T I C A L W I R E L E S S C O M M U N I C AT I O N S

Meet stringent goals for quality, performance and safety, covering

RF, protocol and application-layer testing with a single platform

Standards coverage

• Future-ready platform: R16; R14 now, ready for 5G

NR V2X

• First validation of C-V2X RCT, PCT also covered

Stack coverage

• From PHY test to end-to-end application layer test

Congestion test coverage

• Easily create traffic scenarios using Nordsys

software, stack

• Perform congestion scenario testing (innovative &

intuitive)

Full Coverage today and tomorrow


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F I N D T H E L AT E S T A N D G R E AT E S T F R O M I N D U S T R Y E X P E R T S


1. Automotive & Energy Landing Page

2. C-V2X Test Solution (SA8700A)

3. 5G Baseband Verification Library (W1906EP)

4. Test as a Service (TaaS) Service

5. LTE V2X Measurement Application (N9080EM4E)

6. V2X Waveform Signal Creation (N7626C)

https://www.keysight.com/us/en/industries/automotive-energy/e-mobility.html

https://www.keysight.com/us/en/industries/automotive-energy/autonomous-driving.html

https://www.keysight.com/us/en/solutions/connected-car.html

https://www.keysight.com/us/en/industries/automotive-energy/automotive-power-electronics-test.html

https://www.keysight.com/us/en/cmp/2020/get-more-from-your-automotive-test-investment.html

https://www.keysight.com/find/automotive

http://www.keysight.com/find/cv2x

https://www.keysight.com/en/pd-2604848-pn-W1906EP/5g-baseband-verification-library?cc=US&lc=eng

http://www.keysight.com/find/testasaservice

http://www.keysight.com/find/N9080EM4E

https://www.keysight.com/us/en/software/application-sw/signal-studio-software/v2x-waveform-signal-creation-and-offline-playback.html

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K e ys i g h t ’s C - V 2 X Te s t S o l u t i o n

DEMO

SA8700A C-V2X Test Solution


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Thank You


c-v2x overview and solution - files.keysightevent.com

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