by: william torres. vietnam war second indochina war fallowed first indochina war a) between...
TRANSCRIPT
By:
William Torres
Vietnam War Second Indochina war Fallowed first Indochina war a) between communist (north) supported
by communist allies b) against South Vietnam (supported by the
U.S. (anti-communist nations) Cold war a) military conflict b) in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia
Viet Cong Vietnamese communist controlled front a) fought guerrilla war ( irregular
warfare) (where they use ambushes and
raids) b) U.S. and south Vietnamese relied on
air superiority and overwhelming fire power c) search and destroy
Why the U.S entered war? To prevent communist takeover Strategy of containment Combat units were deployed U.S. ground forces were withdrawn
(Vietnamization) Fighting continued
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Case-Church amendment Passed by U.S. Congress Prohibited use of U.S. military (after
August 15,1973) Unless president’s approval in advance
Capture of Saigon
Captured by North Vietnamese April 1975
Marked the end of the war A year later North and South Vietnam
were reunified
1949
France began it’s conquest of Indochina (in late 1850’s)
France completed pacification in 1893 Treaty of Hue
a) 1884
b) basis of French colonial rule in Vietnam
In W.W. II French were defeated by Germans
Meaning they became allies with German and Italian axis powers
French wanted and searched for power But were resisted by ultimate power Japanese
This continued Until Germans were forced out of
France French Indochina started secret talks
with Free France Japanese could not trust France any
more
Independence Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh leader of Viet declared Independence Democratic Republic of
Vietnam He began a speech paraphrasing the
Declaration of Independence ( All men are created equal...)
Major allies United States United Kingdom And Soviet Union All agreed land belonged to France France did not have weapons, ships and
soldiers to take Vietnam
British troops would occupy the south While Nationalist Chinese would move
in from the North When British landed they aided the
French since there was not enough troops to take Vietnam themselves
Guerilla War
Viet Minh started a Guerilla war against the French
First Indochina war War spread to Laos and Cambodia Chinese communist aided there allies
U.S. Aides French
U.S. created MAAG ( Military Assistance and Advisory Group)
U.S. supplied small arms U.S. spent $1 billion on the war and
shouldered the war paying 80% of the war
There were talks between Americans and French, and use of three Nuclear weapon was considered
There was Operation Vulture sending 60 B 29’s from U.S. bases
Supported by 150 fighters to bomb Viet Minh (commander Vo Nguyen Giap’s positions)
U.S carriers sailed to the Gulf of Tonkin According to Nixon the plan involved
drawling up three tactical nuclear weapons for the French
Nixon, "We might have to put in American boys”
Battle of Dien Bien Phu
Marked the end of French involvement in Indochina
French Union garrison surrendered Geneva Conference French came to agreement with Viet
Minh Independence to Cambodia and
Vietnam
Vietnam
Temporarily partitioned at the 17th parallel
Civilians were free Northerners (mostly Catholics) fled to
the south Frightened by communism
Propaganda
Using American Propaganda Such as
The Virgin Mary is heading South U.S. funded $93 million for relocation
program
Geneva Conference (1954) Domino Theory – if one country fell all
surrounding countries would also By Eisenhower Security of Cambodia and Laos were
those that were threatened by overflow of communism in Vietnam
Insurgency in the South Ho Chi Minh ,”do not engage in military
operations that will lead to defeat” Be selective in your violence If assassination is necessary Use a knife, not rifle, bomb, or grenade
use only a knife
Assassin
Make sure peasant know why killing has occurred
Armed propaganda
Assassination continues… Le Duan was a communist leader that
was working in the south He returned to Hanoi 400 government officials were killed Violence had increased greatly 20% of South Vietnam’s village chiefs
were assassinated
John F. Kennedy’s Administration John F. Kennedy won 1960 election He took over despite warnings from
Eisenhower
Green Berets Special forces employed by Kennedy Effective in brush fire war in Vietnam
South Vietnamese Military Quality of South Vietnamese military
remained poor
a) bad leadership
b) corruption
c) political promotions Guerrilla attacks rose
Kennedy increased military assistance John Kenneth warned Kennedy of the
danger, we shall replace French as a colonial force
Government refused to undertake land reform
Farmers paying high rents
Nations’ Agreement
July 23, 1963 Fourteen nations signed agreement promising the neutrality of Laos
Including : People’s Republic of China, South Vietnam, Soviet Union, North Vietnam and United States
Coup and Assassinations Diem was not able to defeat
communism might make a deal with ho Chi Minh
Robert F. Kennedy stated “Diem wouldn’t make even the slightest
concessions and he was difficult to reason with”
Protest broke out on ban of Buddhist flag
U.S. officials began discussing of regime change
United Stated Department in favor of encouraging coup
While defense Department favored Diem