by: mr. connolly. jackson’s presidency seen by many as a turning point first western president ...
TRANSCRIPT
BY: MR. CONNOLLY
Jackson’s Presidency
Seen by many as a turning point First Western President Age of the Common Man- growth of
involvement by citizens in public life
1824 – John Quincy Adams beats Andrew Jackson for the Presidency
Jackson feels robbed by a “corrupt bargain” Jackson tells people that Adams represents
the wealthy
The Democratic-Republican party splits
Those that support Jackson- Democrats
Jackson’s opponents - Whigs
Adams had big plans Build canals and roads Aid education and science
Congress is full of Jackson’s buddies, and they prevent any of Adams’ plans from happening
1828
More people can vote! Voter restrictions go down almost all
over the country
Jacksonian democracy
End of property qualifications Spoils system New forms of campaigning
Changing Politics
Nominating conventions
Campaign methods
Jackson was from a humble background
People saw him as a champion of the everyday man
Jackson the Man
Studied law Bought and sold
land Fought in war of
1812 Became a national
hero for the Battle of New Orleans
“Old Hickory”
Soon after becoming President, his wife dies
All kinds of people show up to the Inauguration, rich and poor
The party at the White House was so wild that Jackson fled and stayed at a hotel
Jackson had been fighting all of his life, but he had another one ahead
3 major issues: The status of Native Americans The rights of the states The role of the Bank of the United States
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Visual Summary
MAJOR ISSUES OF JACKSON’S PRESIDENCY
The Five Civilized Tribes 100,000 Native Americans still in the
Southeast Cherokee Chickasaw Choctaw Creek Seminole
The Cherokee
Had their own constitution Their own newspaper But when gold was discovered, the
government comes up with a plan to get rid of them
The Cherokee Alphabet
Jackson and the Indians
Jackson believed that Native Americans could ally with foreign invaders They can either adopt white culture Or go west
That’s it!
Jackson believed removing Native Americans would help them maintain their culture
??????
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Critical Thinking: Cause and Effect
Indian Removal Act of 1830 The government begins to negotiate
to send the Indian tribes West Trade Eastern lands for Western
lands Give them money food and rifles for one
year It wasn’t much of a negotiation
The Cherokee resist moving
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia John Marshall rules that the Cherokee
are a dependent nation Federal, not state law
Worcester v. Georgia
Georgia passes a law in 1830 Any white person living with
Cherokee without a license will go to jail
Sam Worcester becomes a victim
John Marshall frees Worcester, and determines that the Cherokee are not bound by state law
Jackson doesn’t care
By 1838, the government comes for the Cherokee
Over 16,000 Cherokee are forced from their homes and put into camps That winter, they are force marched
from Georgia to Oklahoma
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Removal of Native Americans, 1820–1840
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Over a quarter of them died along the way Called the Trail of Tears
There are three big issues Sale of public lands Internal improvements tariffs
Sale of public land
The government is raising money by selling land out West Northeasterners don’t want the land sold cheap They will lose workers in the factories Westerners want cheap land to settle the areas
Internal improvements
Northeasterners and Westerners wanted more roads and canals Food and raw materials can go to the
Northeast Manufactured goods can go West
Southerners didn’t want these things Paid for by tariffs
The Trouble with Tariffs
Southerners are growing so much cotton that they ship it to England and France
They buy stuff from these countries, but have to pay extra in tariffs
Southern economy depends on foreign trade, but foreign goods cost more
This leads to conflict between North and South
1828- J.Q. Adams raises tariffs The South goes nuts! They call this tariff the Tariff of Abomination
(an abomination is a hateful thing)
John C. Calhoun comes up with nullification to combat the tariff
A state can refuse to obey a federal law that it considers unconstitutional
This was an OLD argument: states’ rights Some supported a strong federal
government Andrew Jackson Daniel Webster
Some supported the states John C. Calhoun Senator Hayne
Daniel Webster- a senator from Mass. And one of the greatest speakers of his time
“It is the people that make up the Union, not the states”
“Liberty and Union, now and forever”
Webster and Hayne engage in a debate over nullification
South Carolina threatens to secede, or break away, from the Union Jackson responds with gathering the army Congress reduces the tariff, thanks to Henry
Clay
Henry Clay Missouri
Compromise Nullification Crisis
Earns the name “ The Great Compromiser”
2nd Bank of the United States Most powerful bank in the country The bank president controlled the
nations money supply
Nicholas Biddle runs the bank
He’s made loans to members of Congress
He brags about being able to influence
Congress
Jackson decides to shut him down Moves federal funds from the National
Bank to state banks Cripples the National Bank
The bank needs a charter, or permission by the government to run
Jackson vetoes the renewal He declares the bank
unconstitutional
Many feel Jackson has gone too far
Henry Clay called him a tyrant
Jackson won the re-election in 1832, so he takes it as a sign that he was right
Eventually, he stamps out the bank in 1836 He won the battle, but the economy was
a casualty
Increase in prices and decrease in value
Jackson tries to fight this by making everybody pay in gold or silver
When Jackson leaves, the nation is prospering
It doesn’t last