by: katie, steph, jen, & tyler. ionization energy - the minimum energy required to remove an...
TRANSCRIPT
Ionization Energy - the minimum energy required to remove an electron from the ground state of an isolated gaseous atom or ion
1st Ionization Energy
2nd Ionization Energy
Energy needed to remove 1st electron
(neutral atom)
Energy needed toremove 2nd electron
… And so on with I3, I4, etc…
Opposite to those for atomic and ionic radii
Generally, smaller atoms or ions have higher ionization energies
A smaller atom means...More attraction between electrons and protons
So… it takes more energy to pull away the e-
Alkali metals: lowest ionization energies of the atoms in each row
Noble gases:highest ionization energies of the atoms in each row
Ionization energy increases as you go across a row
Ionization energy decreases for atoms as you go down a column
In general:
Electrons removed first: Have orbitals with largest principal
quantum number (n)
2 electrons removed from Fe: [Ar] 4s 3d⁶ Fe [Ar] 3d⁶
Example:
2 2+