burns

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7/18/2019 Burns


SuperficialSuperficial

Superficial partial-thicknessSuperficial partial-thickness

Deep partial-thicknessDeep partial-thickness

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Very painful, dry, red burns which blanch with pressure. They usually take 3 to 7

days to heal without scarring. lso known as first-degree burns. The !ost

co!!on type of first-degree burn is sunburn.

First-degree burns are li!ited to the

epider!is, or upper layers of skin.

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Very painful burns sensiti"e to te!perature change and air e#posure. $ore

co!!only referred to as second-degree burns. Typically, they blister and are

!oist, red, weeping burns which blanch with pressure. They heal in 7 to %& days.

Scarring is usually confined to changes in skin pig!ent.

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'listering or easily unroofed burns which are wet or wa#y dry, and are painful to

pressure. Their color !ay range fro! patchy, cheesy white to red, and they do not

blanch with pressure. They take o"er %& days to heal and scarring !ay be se"ere. (t

is so!eti!es difficult to differentiate these burns fro! full-thickness burns.

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'urns which cause the skin to be wa#y white to a charred black and tend to

be painless. )ealing is "ery slow, if at all, and !ay re*uire skin grafting.

Se"ere scarring usually occurs.

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The skin, the largest organ of the body, consists of two layers-the epider!isand der!is. The depth or degree of burn depends on which layers of skin are

da!aged or destroyed. The epider!is is the outer layer that for!s the

protecti"e co"ering. The thicker or inner layer of the der!is contains blood

"essels, hair follicles, ner"e endings, sweat and sebaceous glands. +hen the

der!is is destroyed, so are the ner"e endings that allow a person to feel pain,

te!perature, and tactile sensation.

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The !ost i!portant function of the skin is to act as a barrier

against infection. The skin pre"ents loss of body fluids, thus

pre"enting dehydration. The skin also regulates the body

te!perature by controlling the a!ount of e"aporation of fluidsfro! the sweat glands. The skin ser"es a cos!etic effect by

gi"ing the body shape.

+hen the skin is burned, these functions are i!paired or lostco!pletely. The se"erity of the skin inury depends upon the

sie of the inury, depth of the wound, part of the body inured,

age of the patient, and past !edical history. 'ecause of the

i!portance of the skin, it beco!es clear that inury can be

trau!atic and life threatening. eco"ery fro! burn inury

in"ol"es four !aor aspects/ burn wound !anage!ent,

physical therapy, nutrition, and e!otional support.

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&. Treat!ent should begin i!!ediately to cool the

area of the burn. This will help alle"iate pain.

%. For deep partial-thickness burns or full-

thickness burns, begin i!!ediate plans totransport the "icti! to co!petent !edical care.

For any burn in"ol"ing the face, hands, feet, or

co!pletely around an e#tre!ity, or deep burns0

i!!ediate !edical care should be sought. 1otall burns re*uire i!!ediate physician care but

should be e"aluated within 3-2 days.

3. e!o"e any hot or burned clothing.

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. 4se cool 52 degree F.6 saline solution to cool the area for &2-3!inutes. "oid ice or freeing the inured tissue. 'e certain to!aintain the "icti!8s body te!perature while treating the burn.

2. +ash the area thoroughly with plain soap and water. Dry the areawith a clean towel. uptured blisters should be re!o"ed, but the!anage!ent of clean, intact blisters is contro"ersial. 9ou shouldnot atte!pt to !anage blisters but should seek co!petent !edicalhelp.

:. (f i!!ediate !edical care is una"ailable or unnecessary, antibioticoint!ent !ay be applied after thorough cleaning and before theclean gaue dressing is applied.

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Scalding-typically result fro! hot water, grease,

oil or tar. (!!ersion scalds tend to be worse than

spills, because the contact with the hot solution is

longer. They tend to be deep and se"ere and should

be e"aluated by a physician. ;ooking oil or tar

5especially fro! the <!other pot=6 tends to be full-

thickness re*uiring prolonged !edical care.

a. e!o"e the person fro! the heat source.

b. e!o"e any wet clothing which is retaining heat.

c. +ith tar burns, after cooling, the tar should be

re!o"ed by repeated applications of petroleu!

oint!ent and dressing e"ery % hours.

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>ooks and tastes great,

right? 9ou should see what

a hot li*uid will do to a

child8s skin when the twoco!e into contact.

'e sure to keep

hot li*uids out of

reach of s!all

children.

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Fla!ea. e!o"e the person fro! the source of the heat.

b. (f clothes are burning, !ake the person lie down to keeps!oke away fro! their face.

c. 4se water, blanket or roll the person on the ground tos!other the fla!es.

d. @nce the burning has stopped, re!o"e the clothing.

e. $anage the persons airway, as anyone with a fla!e burnshould be considered to ha"e an inhalation inury.

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Alectrical burns: are thermal injuries resulting

from high intensity heat. The skin injury area

may appear small, but the underlying tissue

damage may be extensive. Additionally, there

may be brain or heart damage or musculoskeletal

injuries associated with the electrical injuries.

a. Safely remove the person from the source of theelectricity. o not become a victim.

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b. ;heck their irway, 'reathing and ;irculationand if necessary begin ;B using an AD5uto!atic A#ternal Defibrillator6 if a"ailable andA$S is not present. (f the "icti! is breathing, place

the! on their side to pre"ent airway obstruction.c. Due to the possibility of "ertebrae inury secondary

to intense !uscle contraction, you should usespinal inury precautions during resuscitation.

d. Ale"ate legs to 2 degrees if possible.

e. Ceep the "icti! war! until A$S arri"es.

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;he!ical burns- $ost often caused by strong

acids or alkalis. 4nlike ther!al burns, they can cause

progressi"e inury until the agent is inacti"ated.

a. Flush the inured area with a copious a!ount of water

while at the scene of the incident. Don8t delay or waste

ti!e looking for or using a neutraliing agent. These!ay in fact worsen the inury by producing heat or

causing direct inury the!sel"es.

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!mproper use, handling, andstorage of ha"ardous

materials can lead to a

different type of scoring#

it$s called burn scoring

which measures the

percentage of the body

burned. The score you rate

on this chart can last you a

lifetime.

re you one of those people that stays up to date on

the latest sports scores and plays?

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;onclusion

'urns are serious inuries. (f you ha"e recei"ed a burninury, please seek appropriate !edical attention.$edical *uestions concerning burn inuries and their

treat!ent should be directed to your personalphysician, 4ni"ersity )ealth Ser"ices or otherappropriate !edical professionals.

For infor!ation on fire safety and pre"ention, pleasecontact the 4ni"ersity of eorgia Fire Safety Brogra!53:E-27:6, or the 1ational Fire Brotection ssociation

website www.nfpa.org

http://www.nfpa.org/

http://www.nfpa.org/

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;redits

% The &ire Safety 'rogram extends its thanks

to the following for providing the

information in this presentation:% r. (onald &orehand)*niversity +ealth

enter, *niversity of -eorgia.

% www.healthseek.com

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