IT 14 BUILD AN INTRANET

1. Explain about Client/Server Model.

Ans: Client/server model describes the relationship between two computer in which one client, makes a service request from whereas the server fulfills the request. In a network, the client/server model provides a convenient way to interconnect programs that are distributed efficiently across different locations. For example, checking bank account from your computer, a client program in your computer forwards your request to a server program at the bank. That program may in turn forward the request to its own client program that sends a request to a database server at another bank computer to retrieve your account balance which in turn serves it back to the client in your personal computer, which displays the information for you. Advantage:

Greater ease of maintenance. All the data is stored on the servers, so everything can be centrally controlled. Since data storage is centralized, updates to that data are far easier to administer. It functions with multiple different clients of different capabilities.

2. What is the difference between two-tier and three-tier architecture of Intranet based on functionality.

Two-tier architecture Three-tier architecture

In Two-Tier Architecture has just two layers1. GUI/ interface / presentation layer2. Database layer (where we store/retrieve our data)Basically this architecture is followed in client/serverapplications where database and application resides in thesame machine or database may in other machine connectedThrough network.

Three-Tire Architecture:In three tier architecture has three layers:1. Presentation Layer2. Business Layer/ Mid Layer3. Database Layer.

Presentation Layer: GUI/Interface, where a user view/enters the data.

Business Layer: where business login and rules are executed& can accommodate hundreds of users.

IT 14-I

IT 14 BUILD AN INTRANET

Database Layer: Data access layer takes care of connection between the application and storing the data as a warehouse application.

Two-tier architecture is a client/server architecture ,where a request to do some task is sent to the server & the server responds by performing the task.

three-tier or a multi tier architecture has client, server and database. Where the client request is sent to the server and the server in turn sends the request to the database.The database sends back the information/data required to the server which inturn sends it to the client.

Client server application. Client acts as Front Endand Server acts as Backend like databases

three tierarchitecture is web based application.Eg: Yahoo, Hotmail

3. What is intranet? Write down the advantages and disadvantages of intranet.

Ans: An "intranet" is a private and internal local-network that uses the typical internet-protocols hierarchy to provide various services to its user. Like on the Internet, all machines in the Intranet have an IP-address.Advantages:

Intranets can help users to locate/view information faster and use applications. Intranets can serve as powerful tools for communication within an organization

within short time. Intranets are also being used as a platform for developing and deploying

applications to support business operations Users can view information and data via web-browser rather than maintaining

physical documents such as procedure manualsDisadvantages:

Management fears loss of control Hidden or unknown complexity and costs Unauthorized access Abuse of access Denial of service Packet sniffing

IT 14-I

IT 14 BUILD AN INTRANET

4. Explain about File server, Application server and database server.

Ans: File Server: File server is a computer responsible for the central storage and management of data files so that other computers on the same network can access the files. A file server allows users to share information over a network without having to physically transfer files by diskette or some other external storage device. Any computer can be configured to be a host and act as a file server.Application server: An application server, in an n-tier software architecture which serves an API (application programming interface) to expose business logic and business processes for use by third-party applications.The term can refer to:

1. the services that a server makes available2. the computer hardware on which the services run3. the software framework used to host the services (such as JBoss application server

or Oracle Application Server)Example : JAVA-- J2EE or Java EE 5 application server. MICROSOFT-- .NET Framework ZEND--- PHP

Database server. : A database server is a computer program that provides database services to other computer programs or computers.Example: SQL, MySql

database server

5. Define the Extranet. What is middleware?

Ans: An extranet is a private network that uses Internet technology and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's intranet that is extended to users outside the company.An extranet requires security and privacy which includes firewall/digital certificates or similar means of user authentication, encryption of messages, and the use of virtual private networks (VPNs) that tunnel through the public network.

IT 14-I

IT 14 BUILD AN INTRANET

Middleware acts as mediate between two separate and often already existing programs. It connects two or more software applications, allowing them to exchange data.It includes web servers, application servers, and similar tools that support application development and delivery

6. What is primary and extended partition?

Ans: The primary partition is normally a partitions with an operating system, mostly in

our case the C: partition.

An extended partition is the space in a drive which can be divided in many logical

drives, which makes it possible to have more than four virtual partitions

7. What is distributed system in Client/Server Model?

Ans: A distributed system in Client/Server Model consists of multiple computers that communicate through a computer network to interact with each other in order to achieve a common goal. A computer program that runs in a distributed system is called a distributed program, and distributed programming is the process of writing such programs.Advantages:

Fault-Tolerant: Helps to recover from component failures without performing incorrect actions.

Highly Available: It can restore operations, permitting it to resume providing services even when some components have failed.

Recoverable: Failed components can restart themselves and rejoin the system, after the cause of failure has been repaired.

Consistent: The system can coordinate actions by multiple components often in the presence of concurrency and failure. This underlies the ability of a distributed system to act like a non-distributed system.

Scalable: It can operate correctly even as some aspect of the system is scaled to a larger size.

Predictable Performance: The ability to provide desired responsiveness in a timely manner.

Secure: The system authenticates access to data and services.

IT 14-I

cleint middleware

servers

IT 14 BUILD AN INTRANET

8. What does DHCP stands for, how does it work and when would it be used?

Ans: DHCP means Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

DHCP is used for assigning dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network

automatically.

DHCP should be used in Computers in a company which often changes locations within a

building, and network configurations change.

9. What is Windows 2003 Internet Information Services (IIS) and what functions

does it provide?

Ans: Internet Information Services (IIS) - formerly called Internet Information

Server - is a set of Internet-based services for servers created by Microsoft for use with

Microsoft Windows.

Function :

Windows operating system registry for World Wide Web Publishing Service

FTP Publishing Service

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) service

Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) service

10. What is the IPCONFIG command, and how can it be used to check network

connectivity?

Ans: ipconfig (internet protocol configuration) in Microsoft Windows is a console

application that displays all current TCP/IP network configurations.

Syntax: ipconfig /all

IT 14-I