building failure case study

Source-Kirsten Jørgensen, The Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, DK (email [email protected])

020ANALYSIS OF FAILURE IN A

BUILDING PROJECT

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THE BOW TIE – AN ANALYTICAL METHOD

The bow-tie analysis of failure (ceasing to function)

ANALYSIS OF FAILURE IN A BUILDING PROJECT

Just-In-Time(JIT)

Supply ChainManagement

(SCM)

LeanConstruction

maximizes valuereduceswaste

Based on LeanManufacturing, of the Toyota

Production system

High productivity

LAST PLANNERSYSTEM

SCM route

The bow-tie analysis of failure (ceasing to function)

Poor management of the preparation of the site for construction

Wrong man set to manage the work

The work not checked by a project leader

The size and extent of the work underestimated

Slow handling of the case by the authorities

Delays in the start of the construction

Chose 10 grades of pollution classification,which takes time

The track for the crane was laidbefore the piles were cut to the right heights

Complicated methods for the excavation

The use of time and resources not optimal

Focus on cost-benefit optimisation of own task

Poor planning of the sequence of the process, especially for bungs and piles

Slow decision-making when unforeseen problems arise

Too few employees for the job

Poor focus on deadlines

Complication in the pile cuts and economic losses

1

Figure 3

Slow excavation and preparation of the ground for the construction

Slow respons from authorities

More polution in the ground than expected

Choose to sort the poluted earth into 10 classes of polution instead of 4

Poor management of the project

For cost obtimisation for this specific task

Incompetentmanager for the job

The pre test was not sufficient

Delayed of the starting point for the construction site

Delayed of diving the piles

The tracks for the cranes places before the piles is cutted

Complications for cutting the piles

Increase the time pressure for the rest of the construction process

13

Figure 4


Figure 5 illustrates the bow-tie analysis of another consequence of the incompetent management

the bungs were driven in too early in the process, which had serious consequences for later stages.

This shows that the reason for driving the bungs early was quite reasonable – but also that there was no adequate process analysis.


Too early driving the bungs

It is best to drive the bungs in before the excavation process

The entrepreneur had free capacity of manpower at an early stage

The consequences were not evaluated

The excavation went on to be most complicated

The early placement of the bungs obstructed access for cutting the piles

Delayed the preparation of the site

This forced theentrepreneurs to use an inconvenient method for cutting the piles

14

Figure 5

ANALYSIS OF FAILURE IN A BUILDING PROJECT Figure 6 illustrates that pile driving came too late in the process, with the result that other process stages, e.g. laying the crane tracks, occurred before the piles were cut, with consequences for the pile cutting.


Delayed driving in the piles

The preparation of the ground was more complicated than expected

Poor management of the preparation of the ground

The tracks to the crane couldn´t wait and were laid before the piles had been cut

This delayed the start of the construction

15Figure 6

B. Overview of mutual relationships between critical events

Time delayingCost consuming

Resource requiring

The client The design process The foundation The shell Ext. accommodation Int. accommodation Delivery

4.Unrealistic timeframe forthe delivery

2.Overload of the site manager for the shell

1.Poor manage-ment of the preparation of the site for constrution

3.Acceptance of additional choice at the wrong moment

5. Lack of iron in fil igree slab

6.Filigree slab arethicker than on drawrings

10.Instalations overlapping

11.Outlet put in same place as a pile

12. Achitectural ironmongery problem in dobbelt walls

13. Slow excavationand preparation of the ground

14.Too early driving in of the bungs

15. Delayed driving in of the piles

16. Broken piles

17. Damage to the iron in the piles

18.Excavation filled with water

19. Employment problems

20. Lacks of props up to fil igree elements

21.Poor erection of concrete elements

22. Lopsidedness of walls

23.The width of the fil igree elements too small

24. Wrong placement of wall in the entrance

25. Slow and poor finish

26. Poor mainte-nance, cleaning

27. Delivery failure of concrete elements

28. Failure in outlet at the cubicle

29. Wrong chock up at the cubicle

44.Water in the corrugated pipes

45.Uneven and slope of surface

46. Too small room for batten

47. Wrong masking-off in wall

48. Few socket outlet in rooms

49. Damage of wall in cubicle

50. Diffuculties in mounting of kitchin elements

51. The crew for painting too small

52. A simple accident

53. Oil pollution

54. Late delivery of floor materials

55. Defects at the time for delivery of the building

7. Lacks in the design of elect. installations-

30.Poor coordina-tion of agreements

31.The buildingcan´t be cloosed

32.Placement of the crane track

33. Damage to windows

34. Water intrusion from the roof

37. No space for window

36.Humidity of the plaster

35.Many cut outs are needed

38. Lacks of plates

39.Isolations prob.

41. Water in penth.

42. Damaged pipe

43.Late deliveries

40. The plates on the roof too high


It was also possible to clarify the link between deficient electrical planning and a number of critical events later in the construction phase during the internal fitting out.

NETWORK PROGRAMMING

Start

Excavate section -1 Pipe bed section- 1 Lay pipe section-1 Back fill section- 1

Excavate section- 2 Pipe bed section- 2 Lay pipe section-2 Back fill section -2

Excavate section 3 Pipe bed section 3 Lay pipe section 3

3 1 1

Back fill section-3

3 1 1 2

4 6

building failure case study

Engineering