building a european database soter 1:5m from the european database eusis 1:1m an example of...
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Building aEUROPEAN DATABASE SOTER 1:5M
from theEUROPEAN DATABASE EUSIS 1:1M
An example of generalizationof a soil geographical database
(1) INRA Soil Science, Orléans, FRANCE(2) FAO GLS, Roma, ITALY(3) ISRIC, Wageningen, THE NETHERLANDS(4) BGR, Berlin, GERMANY(5) JRC, European Soil Bureau, Ispra, ITALY
KING Dominique(1), SABY Nicolas(1), LE BAS Christine(1), NACHTERGAELE Freddy(2), VAN ENGELEN Vincent(3),
EIMBERCK Micheline(1), JAMAGNE Marcel(1), LAMBERT Jean Jacques(1), BRIDGES Mike(3), HARTWICH Reinhard(4),
MONTANARELLA Luca(5), CHARLE Fany(1), DAROUSSIN Joël (1)
Local Soil Information System
CONTEXT: EUSIS = nested databases
European Soil Information System EUSIS 1:1M
World Soil and Terrain Database SOTER 1:5M
Catchment Information System
Georeferenced Soil Database of Europe
European Soil Information System EUSIS 1:1M
World Soil and Terrain Database SOTER 1:5M
OBJECTIVE: transfer information...
• Attribute data (semantic) EUSIS SOTER
• Spatial data (geometry)
1:1M 1:5M
European Soil Information System EUSIS 1:1M
World Soil and Terrain Database SOTER 1:5M
OBJECTIVE: transfer information...
with aims to…• prevent from loss of information• preserve compatibility in up-scaling (location, pattern, topology)
• have an explicit algorithm
DATA STRUCTURES:
EUSIS 1:1M
SOTER 1:5M
Soil Component (SC)Soil Typological Unit (STU)
Terrain Unit (TU)
Terrain Component (TC)Soil Mapping Unit (SMU)
area data
Soil ProfileSoil Profile
point data
DEM
DATA USED:For building:- EUSIS database
(ESB, 2001)
- DEM 1x1 km(Defence Mapping Agency, 1992)
For validating:- SOVEUR project
(Batjes and Van Engelen, 1997)
- Soil Regions(Finke and Hartwich, 1998)
METHOD
Semantic: derive SOTER criteria from EUSIS and DEM attributes
Geometry: delineate SOTER units from EUSIS boundaries
Building SOTER criteria « Major Land Forms »DEM 1km Elevation
Slope(calibrated in someareas using higherresolution DEMs)
Relief(STD of elevationwithin 5km radius)
Mean/EUSIS polygon Reclass to SOTER classes
Mean/EUSIS polygon
Mean/EUSIS polygon
Reclass to SOTER classes
Reclass to SOTER classes
Slope calculationDEM 1x1km • Mean slope per EUSIS polygon• SOTER classes
DEM 1km Elevation
Slope(calibrated in someareas using higherresolution DEMs)
Relief(STD of elevationwithin 5km radius)
Mean/EUSIS polygon Reclass to SOTER classes
Mean/EUSIS polygon
Mean/EUSIS polygon
Reclass to SOTER classes
Reclass to SOTER classes
SOTER Major Land Forms(MLF)
Combine(overlay)
Building SOTER criteria « Major Land Forms »
DEM 1km Elevation
Slope(calibrated in someareas using higherresolution DEMs)
Relief(STD of elevationwithin 5km radius)
Mean/EUSIS polygon Reclass to SOTER classes
Mean/EUSIS polygon
Mean/EUSIS polygon
Reclass to SOTER classes
Reclass to SOTER classes
SOTER Major Land Forms(MLF)
Combine(overlay)
EUSIS Soil name(Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol)
Linearshape
Valleys Replace+
Building SOTER criteria « Major Land Forms »
Taxotransfer rule
Building SOTER criteria « lithology »
EUSIS lithology SOTER lithology
Examples:Secondary chalk SO1 (limestone, carbonate rocks) Marl SO2 (marl and other mixtures)Claystone SC3 (siltstone, mustone, claystone)… … … …
EUSIS Parent material Taxotransfer rule SOTER LithologyDominant
SOTER Lithology/EUSIS polygon
SOTER Major Land Forms(MLF)
DominantSOTER Lithology/EUSIS polygon
Agregate(dissolve)
Rule driven polygon merge+ line simplification
Combine(overlay)
Building Terrain Units (TU)
SOTER Terrain Units (TU) at 1:1M(MLF, Lithology)
SOTER TU at 1:5M(MLF, Lithology)
1,1 n,1
Structure of resulting TU database
Building « Terrain Components » (TC)
EUSIS
SOTER TU at 1:5M(MLF, Lithology)
Soil name(FAO level 2)
Dominantsoil name/EUSIS polygon
Combine
Rule driven polygon merge(25 mm2 SOTER criteria
Within TUs)SOTER « TC » at 1:5M
Soil associations or« Terrain Components » (« TC »)
(MLF, Lithology, Soil name)
1,1 n,1
Structure of resulting TU and TC database
n,1
EUSIS
Select 10 most dominant soil namesRule driven distribution of remainers
SOTER « Soil Components » (« SC »)
SOTER « TC » at 1:5M
Building « Soil Components »
Soil Mapping Units (SMU)
Integration
List ofSoil names (FAO level 2)/« TC »
1,1 n,1
Structure of resulting SOTER database
n,1
n,n 1,n
Building the profile dataset: the missing part
EUSIS Profiles Select
SOTER « Soil Components » (« SC »)
Attach Profile dataset
RESULTS
EUSIS1:1M
SOTER1:1M
Mapping units
Polygons
1600
27500
200
20500
Mapping units 95% of Europe
420 80
semantic
SOTER1:5M
155
8200
75
geometric
SOTER 1:5MMajor Lanforms
SOTER 1:5MLithology
Analyse sensitivity
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Threshold in km²
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Reduction in the number of objects
Database stability
Threshold in mm² at 1/5 000 000
8 160 24 32 40 48 56
25 mm² at 1:5 M
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Threshold in km²
Pe
rcen
tag
e
with rules
without rules
Polygon merge
Stability to original database
25 mm² at 1:5 M
Influence of polygon merge with rules
46 % improvement using rules
Same semantic(dissolve)
20 %
Similar semantic(merged by rule)
46 %
Different semantic(merged on longest arc)
34 %
??
?
200 km² threshold
Soil name (FAO level 2)
Example
AFTER, WITHOUT RULES
AFTER, WITH RULES
BEFORE
Merging polygons (1)
Which neighbour to merge in?
?
?
?
Merging polygons (2)
Without rulesWithout rules
Merging polygons (3)
Take the polygons semantic into accountEvaluate a degree of similarity between
semantics (semantic distance)
?
?
?
Semantic distanceto be defined by expert rules
identical different
+ 0
Merging polygons (4)
With rulesWith rules
Without rulesWithout rules
Merging polygons (5)
1
2
2
Semantic distancebetween neighbouring polygons
Building a contingencytable from the semanticsof polygons
Merging polygons (6)
a
c
b d
1
2
2
2
2
1 -
-
-
-
c
a
da
d
b
c
b c
a
da
d
b
c
b