Acce

ss to

Science 2015

bTEC Applied Science 2015 - 16

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2BTEC Unit 12: Physiology of Human Regulation and Reproduction

Student Name:Assessor (s) Name (s):

Date set: Deadline:

Learner Declaration: Please sign below to confirm you have read and fully understand that your project work is due in no later than the deadline stated above.

Here are some ideas to get thinking about how you can showcase your work at the bodyworks: paranoid android exhibition. Make sure your choices are based on what best suits the nature of what you have learned and your own learning style(s).

Wall charts Podcasts Radio broadcast TV show

Comic Books Games Interactive 3D models.

Any Other Methods? Clearly state what it is. get the go ahead from your teachers.

Once agreed you must stick to this assessment method and be prepared to show off your amazing work at the iSTEM Bodyworks exhibition in January 2016.

Think about the human body systems you have learned about as you will have to show your understating of them in considerable

detail. Furthermore your project is to showcase your learning in terms of the theme of the exhibition paranoid android. What questions spring to mind when you consider the future of technology, particularity in relation to prosthetics, organ transplants, reproductive treatments, or enhancements of the nervous system?

How can you showcase the evolutionary wonders of the human body, for example the magnificent workings of our Nervous, Endocrine, Urinary and reproductive systems? How can you showcase the extraordinary ways in which humans maintain homeostasis - will cyborgs ever be created with this level of complexity?

What can you discover about this amazing biological machine - the human body - that makes you want to share your knowledge in an inspirational and engaging way?

Monday 7th December 2015

Thursday 14th January 2016

Frankie Barnes and Jon Tomkinson

To Achieve a PASS To Achieve a MerIT To Achieve a DISTINCTION

P1: Describe the main sites of reabsorption in the kidney

M1: Describe how re-absorption occurs in each of the main

sites

D1: Explain how the body maintains the correct acid base

balance

P2: Outline the importance of regulating body fluids in the body

P3: Outline the organisation and function of the nervous system

M2: Explain the functions of the nervous system

P4: Outline the organisation and function of the endocrine system

M3: Explain the functions of the endocrine system

D2: Explain the interrelationship

between the nervous and

endocrine systems

P5: Describe the mechanisms of the homeostatic system

M4: Explain positive and negative feedback in

homeostasis, using examples from the

human body

D3: Explain how malfunctions in

the homeostatic mechanisms can

lead to disorders

P6: Explain the roles of the sex organs in production of ova and sperm

P7: Explain how the structure of the reproductive system relates to their functions

M5: Report on the common tests performed to

measure fertility.

D4: Evaluate data concerning

the levels of sex hormones at different times

in the menstrual cycle in relation

to fertility.

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Assessment and Grading Criteri

a

Internal verification: Victoria Stokes 20.10.2015

In order to pass this unit, you must meet all the learning outcomes for the unit. The assessment criteria for a pass grade describes the level of achievement required to pass this unit. You must achieve All Pass and Merit to gain Merit in this unit. To gain a Distinction in this unit you must meet All Pass, Merit AND Distinction Criteria.

4T h e human body's systems work

together in remarkable

harmony. Even the most

simplistic actions involve numerous systems in

complex coordination, whether its the nervous

system, with impulses travelling up to 248 mph,

or the muscular system with contraction and

relaxation of the body's 600 muscles. Consider the

endocrine system; involving hormones produced by

glands in one part of the body that affect selected

cells with the correct receptors in other

parts of the body. Or the lymphatic system,

which contributes to homeostasis by

draining interstitial fluid as well

as providing the mechanisms for

defence against disease.

M a i n t a i n i n g h o m e o sta s i s i n t h e b o d y r e q u i r e s c o n t i n u a l c o m b at a g a i n st h a r m f u l a g e n ts i n

o u r i n t e r n a l a n d e x t e r n a l e n v i r o n m e n t .

D e s p i t e c o n sta n t e x p o s u r e t o a va r i e t y o f

pat h o g e n s ( d i s e a s e - p r o d u c i n g m i c r o b e s

s u c h a s b a c t e r i a a n d v i r u s e s ) m o st

p e o p l e r e m a i n h e a lt h y . T h e b o d y s u r fa c e

e n d u r e s c u ts , b u m p s , e x p o s u r e t o

u lt r av i o l e t r ays i n s u n l i g h t ,

c h e m i c a l t ox i n s , a n d m i n o r

b u r n s w i t h a n a r r ay

o f d e f e n s i v e p l oys .

in s p i r e d b y s c i e n c e f i c t i o n a n d a p l e t h o r a o f c o m i c b o o k h e r o e s s c i e n t i sts

a r o u n d t h e w o r l d a r e f o r e v e r p u s h i n g t h e l i m i ts o f

w h at i t m e a n s t o h u m a n , s o , i s a n u p r i s i n g

o f a n a n d r o i d r a c e l i t e r a l ly o n o u r d o o r st e p ?

T h e B i o l o g i c a l M a c h i n e r y o f t h e h u m a n b o d y c o n t i n u e s t o a m a z e s c i e n t i sts t o d ay . A s w e d i s c ov e r

m o r e a b o u t t h e r e m a r k a b l e a d a p ta b i l i t y o f o u r s p e c i e s , q u e st i o n s a b o u t o u r e vo l u t i o n a r y f u t u r e o f t e n a r i s e . A r e w e st i l l e vo lv i n g ?

W h at d o e s t h e n e x t 1 0 , t h e n e x t 1 0 0 o r 1 0 0 0 y e a r s h o l d i n st o r e f o r t h e f u t u r e o f o u r s p e c i e s H o m o s a p i e n s - M a n t h e W i s e .

B o st o n D y n a m i c s a n d J a pa n s Ko ko r o a c t r o i d s b e l i e v e s o . . .

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Sh o u l d o n e o r g a n o r s yst e m o f t h e b o d y fa lt e r i n p e r f o r m i n g i ts f u n c t i o n , t h e e n t i r e b o d y i s a f f e c t e d . T h e c o m p l e x i t y o f t h e h u m a n b o d y c a n b e

s e e n f r o m t h e l e v e l o f c e l l s t o t h at o f s yst e m s . T h e s e c e l l s a n d s yst e m s a r e p e r f o r m i n g d i v e r s e r e a c t i o n s ,

i n vo lv i n g r e pa i r , r e p r o d u c t i o n , c o m m u n i c at i o n , wa st e d i s p o s a l , a n d n u t r i t i o n . S o , w i l l i t

e v e r b e p o s s i b l e t o r e c r e at e s u c h a r e m a r k a b l e f e at o f e vo l u t i o n ?

n this project you will learn about some of our amazing body systems: for example the coordination

and efficiency of the nervous and endocrine systems to The self perpetuating accomplishments of the reproductive systems. You will also consider the ways in which our biological machines maintain balance as homoeostatic mechanisms regulate pH, water balance, acid base levels, temperature and hormonal levels, to name but a few. Homeostasis keeps our bodies within an optimal range of values to ensure longevity of the organism... Will cyborgs ever be able to evolve similar mechanisms?

inally you will give careful consideration to the future. In particular the future advances of fertility treatments and what to do should our homeostatic mechanisms

falter. For example in the case of hormonal disorders like

pituitary dwarfism or diabetes.

6

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Project planning and SMART targets

You are all individual learners aiming to gain the same qualification. Detailed below is your own individual learning plan. Using this plan you (and your teachers) will put in place the necessary requirements that enable you to succeed in acquiring your qualification with the best grades possible. Learning is a personal thing! So make it work for you by setting yourself achievable goals...

Personal learning Plan:

Task This is

what I am

setting

out to

Learn

These

are the

Questions

I Will

Answer

I Have to

Finish THIS

Learning

by

How i will

apply this

P1: Describe the

main sites of

reabsorption in

the kidney

M1: Describe how re-

absorption occurs

in each of the main

sites

8

In this section

you will investigate the ways

in which the human body

regulates body fluids by

understanding the structure

and function of the kidneys.

Project Bodyworks: paranoid android Section 1:

The kidneys and acid base balance

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Identify the

three

basic compo

nents of a

nervous sy

stem and

explain how

they functi

on

to maintain

homeostasis

.

- Part p3 -

In this section you w

ill

investigate the ways

in which

the nervous and endo

crine

systems are interrela

ted.Project Bodyw

orks: paranoid android

Section 2: Nervous and Endoc

rine systems

Briefly explain the structure and role of: The CNSThe PNS

The Sympathetic NSThe parasympathetic NS.- Part P3 -

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Briefly ex

plain the

structur

e and role

of:

The CNS

The PNS

The Sympa

thetic NS

The paras

ympathet

ic NS.

- Part P3

-

Use an example - e.g. Heart rate - to describe the

role of reflexes in autonomic system function.- Part P3 -

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Making use of diagrams Describe:

a structural difference between a motor and sensory

neuron. - Part P3 -

a functional difference between a motor and sensory

neuron. - Part P3 -

a structural difference between a motor and relay

neuron. - Part P3 -

a functional difference between a motor and relay

neuron. [Part P3[

Space for your diagrams...

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What is the function of myelination in neurons

- Part P3 -

How does myelination increase the speed of nerve

impulse coordination[- Part P3 -

Complete the table to compare Nervous and hormonal

- Part D2 -

Comparison of nervous and endocrine controlNervous control Endocrine control

Communication impulses across synapses

Speed

Duration Short term and reversible

Target pathway

Action Causes changes in metabolic activity.

Describe 2 differences between nervous control and

endocrine - hormonal - control of body systems

- Part D2 -

Describe the structure of the adrenal glands.

- Part P4 and M4 -

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Explain the relationship between the pituitary gland

and the adrenals.

- Part P4 and M4 -

Explain the relationship between the sympathetic

nervous system and the adrenals.

- Part M4 and D2 -

Describe the metabolic effects of growth hormone.

- Part D2 and D3 -

What would you expect the effect of chronic GH

deficiency in infants to be

- Part D2 and D3 -

What could GH hypersecretion infancy lead to

- Part D2 and D3 -

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Describe the two main mechanisms by which secretion

of GH is regulated in humans

- Part D2 and D3 -

Create a poster of the Endocrine system

Indicate both male and female differences And provide descriptions

of the function of each key gland. - Part P4 and M4 -

Poster of the Endocrine system...

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Provide a brief definition of homeostasis in terms of temperature, Blood-Glucose and water regulation. - Part P5 -

22

In this section

you will

investigate the ways

in which the body ma

intains

optimum conditions.

you

will also learn abou

t the

structure and funct

ion of

the reproductive syst

ems and the

possible ways to

help infertility

Project Bodyworks:

paranoid android Section 3:

Homeostasis and Reproductive

systems

Provide a brief definition of homeostasis in terms of temperature, Blood-Glucose and water regulation. - Part P5 - Paranoid A

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Define the terms positive and negative feedback and

state an example for each.

- Part P5 -

With use of a flow chart and graph vexplain how the

human body maintains temperature around a set point.

- Part M4 -

24

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With use of diagrams explain how homeostasis helps

maintain an optimum internal environment for cell

function. Consider pH balance of blood and blood

glucose concentration in your answer. - Part M4 -

26

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Hormonal control of blood glucose concentration is

dependant upon two hormones: Insulin and Glucagon.

Making use of diagrams explain how these chemical

messengers maintain homeostasis. - Part M4 -

28

What causes Type I diabetes. Discuss how Type I

diabetes is a homeostatic disorder - Part D3 -

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Give two risk factors associated with Type II diabetes.

Discuss how Type II diabetes is a homeostatic disorder

- Part D3 -

30

Describe how Type II diabetes can be controlled.

- Part D3 -

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Create a fully labelled poster of the male

reproductive system. Explain how the system is

related to its function.

- Part P7 -

32

Create a fully labelled poster of the female

reproductive system. Explain how the system is

related to its function.

- Part P7 -

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Making use of diagrams explain spermatogenesis

- Part P6 -

34

Making use of diagrams explain oogenesis.

- Part P6 -

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36

The Mens trual cycle

Paranoid Android 37

The Mens trual cycle

Name the hormone responsible for follicle growth. -

Part D4 -

Each month several ovarian follicles begin

development. only the Graafian follicle fully

develops: What is the hormone secreted by the

developing follicle

- Part D4 -

Name the hormone responsible for ovulation.

- Part D4-

38

What is the role of this hormone during follicular

phase

- Part D4-

What happens to follicles that do not continue

development.

- Part D4 -

Identify the main hormone secreted by the corpus

luteum. What is its purpose.

- Part D4 -

Paranoid Android 39

A

B

C

D

Concentrationof hormone

0 5 10 15Time / days

Key:Hormoneproduced byovary

Hormoneproduced bypituitary gland

The graph shows the concentrations of four

hormones in the first 15 days of a menstrual cycle.

Name hormone A.

- Part D4 -

The graph shows concentrations of two hormones

during one sexual cycle of a human female.

The diagram shows structures that produce these

hormones. Write the appropriate letters in the graph

to show the order in which the structures labelled P

to R appear during the cycle.

- Part D4 -

Name the hormone that causes structure Q to

develop.

- Part D4 -

40

Hormoneconcentration

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 28 20 22 24 26 28Time / days

Oestrogen Progesterone

Structures

P Q R

Describe two effects of progesterone on the uterus.

- Part D4 -

The graphs show the change in concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and hormone Y in the blood, during part of an oestrous cycle.

Concentrationof hormonein blood

Concentrationof hormonein blood

P Q R

Time

Hormone Y

LHFSH

Graph 1

Graph 2

Use the letter O to

show on graph 1 when

ovulation is most likely

to occur.

- Part D4 -

Paranoid Android 41

What is the term given to the effect hormone Y has

on FSH between times P and Q

- Part D4 -

What causes the change of concentration of hormone

Y between times Q and R[- Part D4 -

Explain the following procedures in

relation to fertility tests:

1. Cryogenics - with reference to sperm banks.

2. Semen analysis make reference to sperm counts and

motility.

3. Monitoring of hormone levels and treatment of

female infertility.

- Part M4 -

42

1. Cryogenics - with reference to sperm banks.

- Part m4 -

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2. Semen analysis - make reference to sperm counts

and motility.

- Part m4 -

44

3. Monitoring of hormone levels and treatment of

female infertility.

- Part m4 -

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Pr o j e c t B a sed Learning

46

Remember the ethos of project based learning allows you not only to learn your chosen subjects, but also arms you with the

Pr o j e c t B a sed Learning

State how you have developed your My Skills and put a tick when completed during this project.

Communication:

Enterprise:

Delivering Results:

Workplace Literacy:

Innovation:

Self - Development:

Digital Literacy:

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My Skills and Project Tracking

Digital Literacy: using online resources, communicating digitally & using digital technologyDelivering Results: planning for success, adapting to change & decision makingInnovation: problem analysis, designing solutions, generating and pitching ideas

Self-Development: self-analysis, self-motivation, using feedback, independent learning & managing stress

Workplace Literacy: resilience, professionalism & financial awarenessEnterprise skills: commercial awareness, understanding customers & social responsibility

Have you complete d?Unit 12: P1 Unit 12: M1 Unit 12: D1Unit 12: P2 Unit 12: M2 Unit 12: D2Unit 12: P3 Unit 12: M3 Unit 12: D3Unit 12: P4 Unit 12: M4 Unit 12: D4Unit 12: P5 Unit 12: M5Unit 12: P6Unit 12: P7

skills required to succeed in the real world by working on this project you will develop many transferable skills, for example: