broadband technologies

Broadband Technologies – Trends in mobile broadband

equipment for end users

12th Conference Regulatory Activity in Electronic Communications Sector, Budva, Montenegro, September 2014.

Ljubica Marković, M.Sc.E.E, Marija Rajković,M.Sc.E.E,Mirjana Arsekić-Kraković, M.Sc.E.E, Milan Janković, Ph.D.E.E.

CONTENTReview of WiFi technologiesReview of mobile technologiesMore Powerful SmartphonesMobile services and applicationsIMT devices for 2020 and beyondImpact of new legislation- Directive 2014/53/EUDirective 2014/53/EU - Universal ChargerDirective 2014/53/EU- Radio receiver and antenna requirementsState of play in the RoS Conclusion

12th Conference Regulatory Activity in Electronic Communications Sector, Budva, Montenegro, September 2014. 2

Wi-Fi exists in so many products of so many types


Many thousands of Wi-Fi devices: mobile handsets, consumer electronics, networking equipment, PCs and computing devices and other

...but more importantly because it appears that most of us can’t live without it


Review of WiFi technologies - 802.11b/g/n

802.11b is on its way to the past!

Most modern Wi-Fi devices operating at 2.4GHz support 802.11g/n (OFDM), 802.11b (CCK) & 802.11 (DSSS) rates

The problem is that the low rates supported by CCK and DSSS are incredibly wasteful of spectrum resources

Some in the industry would like to ban completely the use of CCK and DSSS, but a more likely scenario is that it is made optional over a period of time & allowed to go gracefully


Review of WiFi technologies - 802.11a/n/ac

WLAN 802.11 a/n: 5 GHz; 20, 40 MHz; rate from 54 Mbit/s to 600 Mbit/s)

802.11ac, the next generation of Wi-Fi is here:

Similar to 802.11n but better Voice/video/data for consumer/enterprise Evolutionary extension of 802.11n for 5GHz Plus MU-MIMO & vehicle for standardised Suite-B Similar range to 802.11n Faster than 802.11n – realistically up to ~2.5 Gb/s Wider bandwidth options in 11ac: 80MHz, 160MHz, and 80+80MHz Multi-user MIMO in 802.11ac sends multiple frames to multiple

receivers


Review of WiFi technologies – 802.11ad

WLAN 802.11 ad: use of 60GHz, very high rate ( >1Gb/s) , beam formed, room area networking: About 7 GHz of spectrum available (varies by country) Can go very fast even with only one RF chain Potential for lower cost and lower energy per bit 5mm wavelength and multiple (<64) antennas can

beamform for more range & less interference Room area networking : easily blocked by humans,

whiteboards, books, wall & concrete Potential applications : wireless docking , wireless

peripherals, Sync’n’go, HDMI replacement , WLAN applications so that our workplace of the future is wire free (except maybe the power cable)


Review of WiFi technologies – 802.11ah

WLAN 802.11ah: focused on applications below 1 GHz for lower power/rates & longer range:

Spectrum in Europe: 868-868.6 MHz, Channel width: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 MHz Rate: > 100kb/s (less than traditional 802.11) Range < 1km new functionality: support for a large number of

stations, power saving enhancements, channel access enhancements, throughput enhancements

Commercial chips from 2015.


Review of WiFi technologies –802.11af

802.11af defines operations in TV White Space bands (the repacking of TV bands in many countries has resulted in opportunity for new unlicensed spectrum:

New rules are being designed to protect existing users from interference from unlicensed devices (e.g. digital TV and wireless microphones)

Uses a database to avoid interfering with primary users: geolocation data base contains info about protected users; it will be able to authorise the use of a channel at a particular time, location & power for unlicensed operation)

Spectrum : 470-698 MHz (UHF), VHF varies by country Channel width: 6, 7, 8 MHz (vs 20/40 MHz in 802.11n), scaled to TV channel

bandwidths Rate: Less than traditional 802.11 due to narrow channels Range : More (3.5x) than traditional 802.11 due to superior propagation of TVWS Regulations are not yet in place in most/all countries Likely some of today’s TVWS will be allocated to cellular In Europe, more is being

used for cellular and DTTV than expected


Review of WiFi technologies –802.11ax- HEW

802.11 HEW SG has been discussing drivers, environments & applications for Wi-Fi “next gen”:

Increased usage of mobile devices: in dense environments and outdoors Evolution of Wi-Fi application: More uplink traffic More peer to peer operation Higher per user throughput Environments: enterprise, office, hotspots in public places, outdoor

hotspots, home/apartments, campus, airplane/bus/train/ship New applications: small wireless docking, unified communications, display

sharing, cloud computing, video distribution, Progressive streamingUser Generated Content (UGC) Upload & Sharing, interactive gaming and real-time video analytics


My life without a Smartphone?


Mobile World

Review of mobile technologies (1) Mobile access : 2G:

– GSM CSD (Circuit Switched Data): up/down 9.6 kbit/s– GSM CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data): up/down 19.2 kbit/s– 2.5G – GSM GPRS (General Packet Radio Service): up/down 56-115 kbit/s– 2.75G – GSM EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution):

up/down 237 kbit/s 3G:

– UMTS WCDMA: up/down 0.4 Mbit/s– UMTS HSPA (High Speed Packet Access): up 5.8 Mbit/s down 14.4 Mbit/s– UMTS TDD: up/down 16 Mbit/s– GSM EDGE Evolution: up 0.7 Mbit/s, down 1.6 Mbit/s


Review of mobile technologies (2)

4G:– HSPA+: up 5.8-168 Mbit/s, down 21-672 Mbit/s– LTE: up 50-75 Mbit/s, down 100-300 Mbit/s– LTE Advanced: up/dоwn 100 Mbit/s (movment) or up 1000 Mbit/s (stationary)– 802.16e Mobile WiMAX: up 17 Mbit/s, down 37 Mbit/s – 802.16m Mobile WiMAX (WirelessMAN –Advanced): up 376 Mbit/s, down 365 Mbit/s

Mobile handsets available with combination of GSM 900/DCS 1800/ UMTS 900(FDD VIII)/UMTS 2100(FDD I)/LTE 900(FDD VIII)/LTE 1800(FDD III)/ LTE 2100(FDD I)/LTE2600(FDD VII) frequencies Europe has seen a significant technology shift in recent years, with the proportion

of 3G handsets increasing sharply. From around a fifth of total handsets in 2008, 3G devices now account for over half of all devices in Europe, a figure that we expect to peak at almost 61% in 2015.

LTE devices today represent only a small proportion of devices, at just 0.3% at the end of 2012.

LTE network coverage slowly improves and the price of 4G devices declines further, LTE should account for 20% of total devices by 2017.


Review of mobile technologies (3)

Rolling out mobile broadband in Europe using the 800MHz band will make a significant contribution to economic growth

BCG suggests it could add €119B to EU GDP in the period out to 2020 as well as contributing a further €23B to public funding during this period.

The GDP impact comes from a range of factors: the creation of new business activities improved productivity for businesses accessing and using the internet the revenues and network investment from the mobile operators themselves. Additional challenges for countries who delay the release of spectrum to cause

interference in neighboring countries. Benefits will be substantially reduced if the countries with derogations delay

releasing this spectrum until 2017, which could reduce: the overall GDP benefit in 2020 by €16B (a 13% reduction compared to the base

case) and the tax benefit by €3B. the number of new jobs created would fall by 67,000 and the number of number

of new businesses by 26,000


More Powerful Smartphones The European mobile industry is one of the most successful in the

world and has a strong track record in innovation and developing new services.

Smartphones are becoming far more powerful than the desktops of just a few years ago.

Competition and price cuts have increased the affordability of mobile services for consumers, leading to penetration rates in terms of both unique subscribers and smartphones that are amongst the highest in the world.

EU institutions and the mobile industry have a common agenda namely building a Connected Europe which:

Encourages investment in mobile connectivity Enables innovation in new content and services Builds consumer confidence in mobile services and applications


Mobile Services and applications (1) More advanced computing capability and connectivity, typically include

the features of a computer with those of another popular consumer device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a media player, a digital camera, direct Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, SRD (5725-5875 MHz) and/or a GPS navigation unit

Later smartphones include all of those plus the features of a touchscreen

computer, including web browsing, 3rd-party apps, motion sensors and mobile payment

Currently, about 80% of handset sales worldwide are for devices driven by Google‘s Android and Apple‘s iOS mobile operating systems


Mobile services and applications (2)

Third Wave opens up opportunities for a range of new services:

mCommerce: ticketing, payments,access control, couponing

mEducation: learning solutions mHealth:care remotely,wellness and prevention,

chronic desease menagement, diagnosis mAutomotive: eCall Smart Cities: Climate Street, fire brigade, police,

traffic management mIdentity: accessing personal data securely,

banking and financial services, signing documents on the go, mobile voting, access to eGovernment services (e.g. pensions, social security payments), birth/life events registration (e.g. birth, death, marriage certificates), unlocking secure premises etc.


Mobile services and applications (3)

”Mobile payments” is a broad concept and it can refer to different things including:

premium SMS based transactional payments direct mobile billing Mobile web payments (WAP) contactless payments (Near Field Communication –NFC payments)

One of the key enablers of mCommerce is SIM-enabled Near Field Communications:

(NFC) - a contactless radio technology that can transmit data between two devices within a few centimetres of each other. NFC 13,56 MHz chips are now being embedded into mobile phones, enabling an array of new digital services

NFC mobile services deployed in a number of French cities (Nice, Strasbourg)

Swedish mobile operators Telia, Tele2, Telenor and Three have launched “WyWallet”


IMT devices for 2020 and beyond

The high-level requirements of future IMT devices : very high system capacity and extremely high data rates massive deployment of ubiquitous machine-type devices

connectivity variety of applications and environments reduced cost, best ever/better energy saving and system

robustness high-level of security more efficient spectrum utilization enhanced self-awareness and self-adaptability very high mobility with a high level of user experience very low latency and higher reliability


Impact of new legislation - Directive 2014/53/EU

Facilitate access to market 2014/53/EU: Radio Equipment Directive (RED):

Member states no longer required to notify interfaces which:a) Are covered by a Commission Decision under 676/2002/EC (Radio

Spectrum Decision), orb) Correspond to a class of equivalent interfaces that can be used anywhere

in the Union (specified via implementing act) Manufacturers no longer required to inform Member State before

placing on the market equipment that uses non-harmonised spectrum Manufacturer to check in EFIS if frequencies are available Frequency & power to be included in user instructions No ‘Alert symbol’ Requirements to be invoked as necessary: ....“can only load compliant

software”


Directive 2014/53/EU - Universal Charger

Directive includes specific requirements for Universal Charger as the essential requirements

In particular, mobile phones that are made available on the market should be compatible with a common charger

Interoperability between radio equipment and accessories such as chargers simplifies the use of radio equipment and reduces unnecessary waste and costs

A renewed effort to develop a common charger for particular categories or classes of radio equipment is necessary, in particular for the benefit of consumers and other end-users


Directive 2014/53/EU- Radio receiver and antenna requirements (1)

Increased emphasis on efficient use of spectrum, in particular by improving radio receiver requirements

Clear scope (but still some boundaries: purpose of spectrum use)

Technical support relating to performance of antennas of mobile phones

Sensitivity varies significantly between phone models

Higher Performance antennas requirements (B2B)

Need to ensure it will not increase SAR exposure (vulnerable consumers)


Directive 2014/53/EU- Radio receiver and antenna requirements (2)

Revision of Harmonised Standards to provide presumption of conformity with R&TTE (RED) to ensure enhanced receiver requirements

A labelling scheme appeared more problematic There was no clear consensus whether such a label would be

well understood by consumers, although certain Member States considered that such a scheme would be important to improve transparency for consumers

Other member states pointed to network coverage as being a strong contributing factor to problems experienced by users, and emphasised the work undertaken in CEPT to harmonise the harmonisation of methods to assess licensing conditions for coverage


State of play in the Republic of Serbia (1)

In total revenues in the electronic communications in the RoS in 2013, the largest share in total income has been realized from the provision of mobile telephony services in the amount of 878 million EUR, which represents 57% of total revenue.


Source: RATEL -An Overview of Telecom Market in the Republic of Serbia in 2013

The largest share in terms of investments in the telecom market in SEE went once again to mobile telephony with 60.4%.

State of play in the Republic of Serbia(2)

12th Conference Regulatory Activity in Electronic Communications Sector, Budva, Montenegro, September 2014.

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Source: Chember of Commerce and Industry od Serbia

Conclusion The third wave of mobile connecting almost anything and anyone

presents an opportunity to drive growth and innovation Building consumer confidence and trust in mobile services and

applications Helping consumer choices: meaningful & consistent rules for all services Network and information security: focus on cooperation at international

level Data protection: need for consistent privacy experiences Protect children from the risks that come with increased access to the

Internet, mobile operators should working closely with governments and NGOs to empower them to take appropriate action when required.

The race starts now ! Ready?


Regulatory Agency for Electronic Communications and Postal Services

Thank you for your attention


broadband technologies – trends in mobile broadband equipment for end users 12th conference...

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thousands of wifi devices

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