brm one mark

8/8/2019 BRM One Mark

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Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is known as:

y Discontinuous variabley Dependent variabley Independent variabley Intervening variable


Which of the following is the difference between measures and indicators?

y Measures are unambiguous quantities, whereas indicators are devised fromcommon sense understandings.

y Indicators have a more direct relationship to the underlying concept than measures.y Measures are intuitively devised and then applied as if they were direct indicators of a

concept.

y Indicators are unambiguous quantities, whereas measures are subjective and valueladen.

REF. Measures include things like demographics (of age, income and so on), which can be

counted. In fact, usually we think ofmeasures as raw numbers. Often though, what we want

to research does not lend itself immediately to straightforward calculation on numbers of

things and how they vary but on slightly vaguer concepts. Like job satisfaction, for example.

In this case we need a numberof attitude statements, which, taken together, can be argued to

represent the concept. These separate statements are indicators and often represent our

'common sense' understanding of a concept. Later, these can be coded to turn them intonumbers for statistical analysis.


Which of the following is NOT the implication of Ordinal scale?

y Characteristics of nominal scaley Rank the objecty Does not provide magnitude of objecty Provide rate


Measurement reliability refers to which of the following?

y Accuracy of the scoresy Dependency of the scores


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y Consistency of the scoresy Comprehensiveness of the scores.

Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following statements might assist response rates?

y Please photocopy the questionnaire five times and pass on to yourwork colleagues.y Please make sure that the questionnaire is completed with a fountain pen.y Please read the attached journal article on the ontological foundations of positivism

prior to completing the questionnaire.

y Please put the completed questionnaire in the enclosed stamped addressedenvelope and place in the mail out tray .


Why it is important to avoid ambiguous terms while designing questions?

y Respondents may not understand the question.y Respondents may operate with a different frame of reference.y Respondents may think the question is less important.y Respondents may have to ask for help when completing the questionnaire.


Which of the following is a double-barreled question?

y How satisfied you are with the performance appraisal system?y How satisfied you are with investment levels in new and existing software

packages?y How satisfied you are with the organization's marketing strategy?y How satisfied you are with the levels of customer satisfaction?


The small scale trial run of a particular item is called ______________.

y TestRuny Pilot testy Post hoc testy T test


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Which of the following terms describes an interview protocol in which the topics and

questions to be addressed are identified, but the order in which the questions can be

asked

is not stipulated?

y Unstructuredy Partially structuredy Semi structuredy Structured


The most important characteristic of the sample in survey research is that it is:

y Representative of the target population. y Convenient to access.y Easily observed in naturalistic settings.y Large enough to compare differences between subgroups.

Usually, the population is too large for the researcher to attempt to survey all of its members.

A small, but carefully chosen sample can be used to represent the population. The sample

reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn.


Which of the following is NOT something a researcher will have to consider while

thinking about their sample size?

y Time and cost.y Non-response.y Length of questionnaire.y Heterogeneity of population.

In general bigger is betterwhen considering sample size howeverall researchers need to be

aware of the limitations of theirresources.


A correlation coefficient of -0.45 is generally considered to be;

y No correlationy Lowy Moderate


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y High


What is a researcher doing when he removes the variance explained by one variable inorder to understand the correlation between two other variables?

y Statistical significancey Attenuationy Controlling for the variable y Multiple regression research


Which of the following best describes qualitative data analysis?

y It begins afterall the data has been collected.y It is an ongoing, cyclic process integrated into all phases ofresearch.y It is an awkward, haphazard process.y It builds from abstraction to specific, concrete examples.


The statistic used to determine the relationship between two variables is:

y Analysis of covariancey Chi squarey Standard deviationy Pearson "r"


Which of the following describes the nature of qualitative data interpretation?

y Reflectiony Integrativey Explanatoryy All of the given options


In frequency tables total of columns and rows are called:


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y Body of tabley Cell of tabley Area of tabley Marginals

Page No.107: PARTSOFTABLE Include the totals of the columns and rows. These arecalled marginals.They equal theunivariate frequency distribution for the variable.


A researcher studies three groups of students who vary in level of self-confidence. She

finds that students with higher self-confidence are more popular among their peers. The

most plausible conclusion is that:

y We do not know what causes self-confidence orpopularity.y Self-confidence causes popularity.y Popularity causes self-confidence.y Self-confidence and popularity are related.


Educational policymakers often conclude that an intervention didn't work. Often,

however, the intervention was not implemented as intended. The validity of the

policymaker's conclusion is threatened by;

y Lack of specificity of variables

y Selection-treatment interactiony Treatment diffusiony Faulty data analysis procedures


Many beginner researchers believe that research involves testing, treating, and testing

again . This is an example of:

y Comparison group researchy Quasi-experimental researchy True experimental researchy Pre-experimental research


Which of the following questions can be answered using content analysis?


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y How do managers behave in the face of employment insecurity?y How do the media report corporate re-branding exercises?y What effect does organizational size have on marketing strategy?y What are the most popular leisure activities amongst the over-50s?

Rationale: Content analysis is often used to examine the mass media and the manner in which

it covers certain issues.


Case study is empirical because;

y It investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real life context.y It is retrospective study in which the researcher follows the research process

from effect to its cause.y It is a study back in time.y All of the given options


Which component of a research report contains information about the topic studied,

literature review, hypotheses, participants, instruments, procedures, results, and

discussion?

y Preliminary pagesy Main bodyy Methody Discussion


Which one of the following Test helps in the proper sequence of the questions as

wording, translation, coding and structuring?

y TestRuny Pre Testy Post Hoc Testy T- Test


Which of the following sampling is least reliable but normally the cheapest and easiest

to

conduct?

y Purposive Samplingy Snowball Samplingy Convenience Sampling


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y Quota Sampling

Ref:Page No.90: Convenience samples are least reliable but normally the cheapest and easiest

to conduct


Which of the following is a form of Non-random sampling?

y Snowball samplingy Convenience samplingy Quota samplingy All of the given option


Which of the following has greatly facilitated the researcher to conduct tabulation and

statistical analysis?

y SPSSy MINITABy SYSTATy All of the given options

Page No.104: The proliferation of computer technology in business and universities has

greatly facilitated tabulation and statistical analysis. Commercial packages eliminate the need

to write a new program every time you want to tabulate and analyze data with a computer.SAS, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), SYSTAT, Epi. Info. AndMINITAB

is commonly used statistical packages.


What is the place of quotations in referencing?

y Quotations should be given at the end. y Quotations should be given exactly as they appear in the source.y Quotations should be given in left margins only.y Quotations should not be given at all.

Ref: http://www.latrobe.edu.au/linguistics/resources_hons/Brochure/Para10.pdf



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Which of the following terms refers to a statistical method that can be used to

statistically

equate groups on a pretest or some other variable?

y Experimental controly Differential influencey Matchingy Analysis of covariance


Which of the following could be used for randomly assigning participants to groups in

an

experimental study?

y Split-halfy Even versus Odd numbersy Use a list of random numbers or a computer randomization program y Let the researcher decide which group will be the best

Rationale: Using a random number generatorreduces bias.


The design in which one group of research participants is admini stered a treatment and

is

then compared, on the dependent variable, with another group of research participantswho did not receive the experimental treatment is known as:

y One-group posttest-only designy One-group pretest-posttest designy Posttest-only design with non-equivalent groups y Time series design


Which of the following is referred to as the influence of a single independent variable?

y Interaction effecty Reactive effecty Main effecty Proactive effect


Which of the following types of analysis can be done using secondary analysis?


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y The analysis of specific subgroupsy Longitudinal analysisy Cross-cultural analysisy All of the given options

Question No: 40 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose oneWhich of the following is/are advantage(s) of the self-completed questionnaire?

y Inability to confirmwho completed the questionnairey Its unsuitability for some kinds ofrespondentsy Inability to askmany questions that are not directly relevant to the respondenty Easy to justify the answer.

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