•The tissues are broken down into four main groups: •Epithelial•Connective•Muscular•Nervous Tissue.

EpithelialConnective

Muscular CartilageBoneBloodNervous

•One purpose of epithelia is to form boundaries around environments. •6 main functions: protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, sensory reception.•Characteristics are polarity, specialized contacts, supported by connective tissue, avascular but innervated, and regeneration. •Two names are simple and stratified.

Tissues Simple Epithelial Back

•Simple epithelial is a single layer of cells and used for filtration and absorption in thin layers.• 3 types of tissues depending on height and shape.

Tissues Simple Epithelial Columnar Back

•Single layers of tall cells with a round oval nuclei and some cells containing cilia. •Layers contain mucus-secreting unicellular glands/goblet cells.•Nucleus is elongated from top to bottom and located next to the cell base.•Main functions are secretion of mucus, enzymes, and absorption.•Located in lines of digestive tracts, gallbladder, excretory ducts of some glands, uterine tubes and some regions of the uterus.

Tissues Simple Epithelial Cuboidal Back

•Shaped like cubes with large spherical central nuclei.•Boxlike (as tall as they are wide)•Functions are secretion and absorption.•Located in kidney tubules, ducts, secretory portions of small glands and ovary surface.

Tissues Simple Epithelial Squamos Back

•Flattened laterally and scale-like.•Single layer and simplest epithelial.•Nucleus is like a flattened disc.•Located in kidneys, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, lining of ventral body cavity.

Tissues Psuedostratified Epithelial Columnar Back

•Thick membrane made up of several cell layers.•Basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and are metabolically active.•Surface cells are flat.

Tissues Stratified Epithelial Back

•Two or more cell layers.•More durable than simple epithelial.•Regenerate.•Cells divide and push apically to replace older cells.

Tissues Stratified Epithelial Transitional Back

•Similar to squamos and stratified cuboidal.•Surface cells are dome shaped.•Functions are stretching, permits distension and can change their shape.•Located in uterus, bladder and part of the urethra.

Tissues Stratified Epithelial Cuboidal Back

•Relatively scarce in body.•Rare and found in larger ducts of some glands in the body.•Located in the pharynx, male urethra, and lining in some glandular ducts.

Tissues Stratified Epithelial Squamos Back

•Thick membrane composed of several cell layers.•Cuboidal or columnar are metabolically active.•Function is to protect the underlying tissues where abrasion could occur.•Located in moist areas such as the esophagus, vagina, and mouth.

Tissues Connective Tissue Back

•Found all throughout body.•Most prominent and distributed out of all primary tissue.•Blood, cartilage, and bone are considered connective tissues.•Same common origin, mesenchyme, degrees of vascularity, extra cellular matrix.•3 main elements of connective tissue are ground substance, fibers, and cells.

Tissues Connective Tissue Proper Back

•2 subclasses are loose and dense.•Everything except for bone, cartilage, and blood belong in this class.•All consist of living cells surrounded by a matrix.Mature connective tissue come from embryonic tissue called mesenchyme.

Tissues Loose Connective Tissues Back

•3 types•Areolar, Reticular, and Adipose.

Tissues Areolar Connective Tissues Back

•Areola means “a small open space.”4 functions are to support and bind other tissues (fiber jobs), holding body fluids, defends against infection, and storing nutrients as fat.•Most widely distributed.•Allows binding of body parts but allowing them to move freely, wraps blood vessels and nerves, surrounds glands, forms subcutaneous tissues which cusion the skin.

Tissues Adipose Connective Tissues Back

•Similar to the structure and function of the areolar tissue but much greater at storing tissues.•Cells are packed close together.•90% of tissues mass is made up of adipocytes, which are some of the largest cells in the body.•Tissues are richly vascularized.•High metabolic activity.•Also works as a shock absorber, insulation and energy storage site.

Tissues Reticular Connective Tissues Back

•Closely related to areolar tissue but the only fibers are reticular which form delicate networks along with the fibroblasts called reticular cells.•Widely used throughout the body are limited to only certain areas.•Forms the stroma/internal framework that supports man free blood cells.•Located in lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow.

Tissues Dense Connective Tissues Back

•2 types.•Dense regular and dense irregular.

Tissues Dense Regular Connective Tissues

Back

•Fibers as predominant element. •Also referred to as fibrous connective tissue.•Contains tightly packed bundles of collagen running in the same direction, parallel to the direction of the pull.•Tissue is meant to be constantly strained.

Tissues Dense Irregular Connective Tissues

Back