botulinum neuromodulators: clinical uses · 2020. 1. 27. · spread of toxin effect from injection...
TRANSCRIPT
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Botulinum Neuromodulators:
Clinical Uses
Karol A Gutowski, MD, FACS
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Disclosures
Merz Aesthetics- Advisory Board
AxcelRx Pharmacuticals - Advisory Board
Suneva Medical - Instructor
Will discuss off-label uses
Will use brand names for ease of understanding
Will refer to BOTOX Cosmetic as BOTOX
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Objectives & Level of Evidence
• Understand differences between botulinum toxin
A (BoTN-A) products for cosmetic indications
• Apply neuromodulators into clinical practice
Level of Evidence
Mostly I -III
Some personal experience
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BoTN-A Product Information
FDA Approved
• BOTOX Cosmetic – OnabotulinumtoxinA
– VISTABEL, VISTABEX
• DYSPORT – AbobotulinumtoxinA
– AZZALURE
• XEOMIN – IncobotulinumtoxinA
– XEOMEEN, BOCOUTURE, NT201
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BoTN-A Product Information
Not FDA Approved
• MYOBLOC - RimabotulinumtoxinB
• NEURONOX - Botulinum toxin A
– MEDITOXIN, BOTULIFT
• REDUX - Botulinum toxin A
– PROSIGNE, LANTOX
• RT001- Botulinum toxin A (Topical)
• RT002 - Botulinum toxin A
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FDA Cosmetic Approval
• BOTOX Cosmetic* [Allergan]
– Moderate to severe glabellar lines
– Moderate to severe lateral canthal lines
– Moderate to severe forehead lines
• DYSPORT [Galderma]
– Moderate to severe glabellar lines
• XEOMIN [Merz Aesthetics]
– Moderate to severe glabellar lines
• All for adults < 65 years old
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What FDA Wants You to Know
• Black Box Warning
– Possibility of experiencing potentially life-threatening distant
spread of toxin effect from injection site after local injection
– Not reported in cosmetic uses
• Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS)
– Medication Guide to help patients understand risks & benefits
• Potency units are specific to each BoTN-A product
– Doses or units cannot be compared or converted
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BoTN-A Mechanism of Action
Block neuromuscular junction transmission by
inhibiting acetyl choline release
• BoTN-A binds to cholinergic nerve terminals
• Internalized into nerve
• Light-chain translocated into nerve cytosol
• Enzymatic cleavage of SNAP-25 (essential for ACh release)
• Impulse transmission re-established by formation of new nerve
endings
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BoTN-A Mechanism of Action
• Block cholinergic transmission at the neuromuscular junction by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine from peripheral cholinergic nerve endings.
• Neurotoxin binding to cholinergic nerve terminals, internalization of the neurotoxin into the nerve terminal, translocation of the light-chain part of the molecule into the cytosol of the nerve terminal, and enzymatic cleavage of SNAP25, a presynaptic target protein essential for the release of acetylcholine. Impulse transmission is re-established by the formation of new nerve endings.
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Product Comparison
(Inactive ingredients)
HAS = Human Serum Albumin
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Product Composition
(Inactive ingredients)
HAS = Human Serum Albumin
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Product Composition
(Inactive ingredients)
HAS = Human Serum Albumin
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Product Composition
(Inactive ingredients)
HAS = Human Serum Albumin
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BoTN-A Molecule
Hemagglutinin Proteins
Non-Hemagglutinin Protein
BoTN-A BoTN-A + Accessory Proteins
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BoTN-A Protein Comparison
BOTOX DYSPORT XEOMIN
No Accessory Proteins
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Pivotal Study Doses
BoTN-A Dilution Glabella Duration
BOTOX 4u/0.1 cc 4 u at 5 sites 3-4 months
DYSPORT 10u/0.08 cc 10 u at 5 sites 3-4 months
XEOMIN 4u/0.1 cc 4 u at 5 sites 3 months
Dilution and dosage may vary as determined by clinician
Adjusting dose to target muscle mass may improve outcome and duration
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Pivotal Study Doses
BoTN-A Dilution Glabella Duration
BOTOX 4u/0.1 cc 4 u at 5 sites 3-4 months
DYSPORT 10u/0.08 cc 10 u at 5 sites 3-4 months
XEOMIN 4u/0.1 cc 4 u at 5 sites 3 months
Dilution and dosage may vary as determined by clinician
Adjusting dose to target muscle mass may improve outcome and duration
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BOTOX Pivotal Studies
50% of patients maintain improvement at 3 months
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DYSPORT Pivotal Studies
40% - 50% of patients maintain 1-Grade improvement at 3 months
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DYSPORT Dose Response
30U & 45U better than 15U
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DYSPORT Dose Response
Patient satisfaction similar at all doses
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DYSPORT Dose Response
Older patients less likely to respond
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XEOMIN Pivotal Studies
15% - 25% of patients maintain 2-Grade improvement at 3 months
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XEOMIN Phase 3 Post Hoc Analysis
• Issue of 1 vs 2 point clinical
response
• 20u divided in 5 glabella sites
• Response no worse (or better)
than Botox
> 1 point improvement
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BOTOX vs XEOMIN
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BOTOX vs XEOMIN Dose
Meta-analysis established 1:1 dose effectiveness but not duration
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BOTOX vs XEOMIN
2015
Statistically Significant
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BOTOX vs DYSPORT Duration
Lowe, J Am Acad Dermatol 2006
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BTX, XEO, DYS Strain Study
2016
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Muscle Strain Reduction
Botox Dysport Xeomin
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BTX, XEO, DYS Systematic Review
“There is insufficient evidence demonstrating an
increased duration of benefit of any one
medication relative to its competitors”
2016
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Fields of Effect
• DYSPORT greater
anhidrotic effect
than XEOMIN
• Similar muscular
effects by EMG2.5:1.0 Dysport to Xeomin
Xeomin Dysport
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Unique Characteristics
DYSPORT
• Don’t use in cow’s milk allergy
• May have greater diffusion area
– Significant clinical effect?
– Dilution and injection technique?
• May have more injection pain
– Not significant clinical effect
– Dilution and injection technique
XEOMIN
• Unreconstituted can store at room temperature
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BoTN-A Resistance & Accessory Proteins
• Some patients develop less effect or nonresponse
• May be due to development of antibodies (Ab)
– BoTN-A Ab very rare in cosmetic uses
– Some secondary nonresponders don’t have measured Ab
– Some patients have measured Ab and still respond
• XEOMIN has no accessory proteins
– May induce less Ab formation
– But accessory protein Ab may not effect BoTN-A itself
– Antibodies directly against BoTN-A may effect result
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BoTN-A Nonresponders
• True nonresponders are rare
• May have antibodies to BoTN-A
– Presence of antibody ≠ no response
– Absence of antibody ≠ response
• Antibodies may disappear over time
• May respond to BoTN-B (Myobloc)
– Acts on synaptobrevin (not SNAP-25)
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Zinc Supplementation to Increase Duration
• Double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study
• Inclusion: “Hard to Treat” patients
• BOTOX, DYSPORT, XEOMIN
• BoTN-A is zinc dependent
• Phytates block zinc absorption
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Zinc Supplementation to Increase Duration
• 92% of patients reported 30% increase in duration
• Older patients
– Greater improvement
– No increase in duration
• Zytase $40 per treatment
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Can I Really Store BoTN-A for 4 Weeks?
• Literature review & 2 round Delphi process
• Can be refrigerated or refrozen for 4 weeks
• Can use on multiple patients (proper handling)
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Does Injection Depth Matter?
Selective eyebrow depressors cannot be targeted
due to BoTN diffusion radius
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BoTN-A 44 yoTwins Case Report
Regular BoTX-A injections every
4 to 6 months for 19 years
4 BoTX-A injections over 19 years
Regular BoTN-A treatments may prevent long-term skin changes
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Personal Experience
• Fastest time to onset DYSPORT (1-3 days)
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Personal Experience
• Fastest time to onset DYSPORT (1-3 days)
• Duration Equal
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Personal Experience
• Fastest time to onset DYSPORT (1-3 days)
• Duration Equal
• Cost* BOTOX > DYSPORT > XEOMIN
* Depends on dose & rebates
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Personal Experience
• Fastest time to onset DYSPORT (1-3 days)
• Duration Equal
• Cost* BOTOX > DYSPORT > XEOMIN
• Pain Same (technique?)
• Spread Same (dilution & technique?)
* Depends on dose & rebates
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Personal Experience
• Fastest time to onset DYSPORT (1-3 days)
• Duration Equal
• Cost* BOTOX > DYSPORT > XEOMIN
• Pain Same (technique?)
• Spread Same (dilution & technique?)
• Dose 1 BOTOX = 1 XEOMIN = 3 DYSPORT
* Depends on dose & rebates
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Personal Experience
• Accessory proteins Do they matter?
• Interchangeable Maybe (more similar than different)
• Split face Not much difference
• Patient cross-over Not much difference
• BOTOX non-responders It’s the same molecule but worth a try?
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In Your Practice
• Consider your overall BoTN-A usage
– Other product lines & rewards programs
– Time to educate patients
– High volume users may allow for 2 or 3 products
– Low volume users may have more product waste
• What are patients demanding?
• Patient perceived superiority or inferiority of product
• New products = new marketing opportunities
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Applications
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Observe Patient During Conversation
• Watch for expressions & muscle movements
during a normal conversation
• More appropriate initially than treating
exaggerated or extreme movements
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Patient Education
• Explain what it can & what it can’t improve
• Introduce the “4 R’s”
– Relax, Resurface, Refill, then Relift
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Individual Patient Assessment for Natural Result
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Clinical Muscle Assessment
8 to 12 units
12 to 16 units
20 units
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New Patients
• Informed consent & “off-label” use
• Photo documentation
• Start with lowest doses needed
• Need for 2 week follow up visit
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Product Dilutions
Assume vial with 100 units of BOTOX
• 1.0cc = 10u/0.1 cc
• 2.0 cc = 5u/0.1 cc
• 2.5 cc = 4u/0.1 cc
• 4.0 cc = 2.5u/0.1cc
Low injection volume limits diffusion (Glabella)
More product waste
High injection volume increases diffusion (Forehead)
Less product waste
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Injection
Assume vial with 100 units of BOTOX
• 1.0cc = 10u/0.1 cc
• 2.0 cc = 5u/0.1 cc
• 2.5 cc = 4u/0.1 cc
• 4.0 cc = 2.5u/0.1cc
0.3 cc insulin syringe with fixed 31G needle
Needle dulls after a few injections
1.0 cc syringe with removable 32G needle
(Less discomfort than 30G needle)
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Document the Treatment
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Document the Treatment
Jenny Smith 10/2/14None
Loved it!
None
27
XX
B32
C 32 1578
Voluma 13-578
V
F= 2u x6 = 12u
Malar = 0.5cc per side
May need more in 2 weeks
22
2 22
2
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Injection SitesAssume Botox Units & First Treatment
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Bunny Lines 2 Units per Injection Site
2-4 injection sites
Procerus mucle
Nasalis muscles
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Bunny Lines 2 Units per Injection Site
2-4 injection sites
Procerus mucle
Nasalis muscles
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Upper Lip Lines 2 Units per Injection Site
1-2 injection sites per side
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Forehead2 Units per Injection Site
3-5 injection sites per side
Avoid lower 1/3
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Forehead2 Units per Injection Site
3-5 injection sites per side
Avoid lower 1/3
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Forehead2 Units per Injection Site
16 to 20 units3-5 injection sites per side
Avoid lower 1/3
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Crow’s Feet & Laugh Lines2 Units per Injection Site
2-3 injection sites per side
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Crow’s Feet & Laugh Lines2 Units per Injection Site
2-3 injection sites per side
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Crow’s Feet & Laugh LinesLimitations due to Contributing Muscle Groups
Recognize contribution of
zygomaticus muscles
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Crow’s Feet & Laugh Lines2 Units per Injection Site
2-3 injection sites per side
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Lateral Brow Lift2 Units per Injection Site
1 injection site per side
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Glabella4-5 Units per Injection Site
3-5 injection sites
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Glabella4-5 Units per Injection Site
3 injection sites
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Glabella4-5 Units per Injection Site
5 injection sites
(More likely in men)
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Masseter Hypertrophy5-10 Units per Injection Site
2-3 injection sites per side
Smith, ASJ 2014
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Masseter Hypertrophy5-10 Units per Injection Site
2-3 injections per side
Smith, ASJ 2014
Avoid medial injection to risorius
muscle
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Lip Corner Elevation3 to 5 Units per Injection Site
1 injection per side
Smith, ASJ 2014
Depressor anguli oris muscle
Inject lateral to commissure to
avoid central lip depression
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Gummy Smile4-5 Units per Injection Site
1 injection per side
Smith, ASJ 2014
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle
Other lip elevators
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Chin Dimples4-5 Units per Injection Site
1 injection per side
Mentalis muscle
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Platysmal Bands4 Units per Injection Site
1 injection every 1-2 cm per side
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Platysmal Bands4 Units per Injection Site
1 injection every 1-2 cm per side
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Annoying Platysma
Loose Neck Skin
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Annoying Platysma
After External Radiofrequency
Skin Tightening
Loose Neck Skin
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Annoying Platysma
After External Radiofrequency
Skin Tightening
Loose Neck Skin
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Annoying Platysma
Active Medial Platysmal BandLoose Neck Skin
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Annoying Platysma
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Eyelid Ptosis Reversal
• Alpha-adrenergic agonist ophthalmic eye drops
– Apraclonidine 0.5% (Iopidine)
– Naphazoline (Naphcon)
– Phenylephrine 2.5% (Myfrin)
• Stimulate Mueller’s muscle elevate ptotic eyelid
– Typical 2 mm of lid elevation
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BoTN-A & the Four R’s
• Relax the muscle: BoTN-A
• Refill the face (volume): Fillers
• Resurface the skin: Lasers
– Fractional CO2
• Relift the tissue: Energy-based
– Ultherapy
– Neck laser-assisted liposuction
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Learn More in PRS Supplement
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BTA Clinical Postulates
All 3 type toxins act the same way
• Other 6 types (B-G) are not the same
• Complexing proteins dissociate at physiologic pH
Effects depend on kinetic relationship between BoTN-A & receptors
• Units are standard based on mouse LD50 but not the same
between 3 toxin types based on mg or number of molecules
• XEO:BTX is 1:1 but DYS:BTX may be 3:1 to 2:1
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BoTN-A Clinical Postulates
• Muscle mass, age, gender affect BoTN-A response
• DYS has faster onset then BTX
• Dose affects time to onset & duration – to a point,
then higher risk of adverse events
• Dilution affects results (in forehead)
• More injection points improve results (in forehead)
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Botulinum Neuromodulators:
What’s New?
Karol A Gutowski, MD, FACS
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Laser Transcutaneous Delivery
• Dysport 100U to treatment area
• Improved lateral lines
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Nabota (DWP450)
• EVOSYAL in USA
• >98% pure (Botox 95% pure)
• 84% had onset within 2 days
• Similar adverse events profile
• In FDA approval process
Daewoong, Korea
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Nabota (DWP450)
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Chinese BoTN-A
• CBoTN-A (aka Hengli BoTN-A, HBoTN-A)
• Greater diffusion area than BOTOX
– Based on forehead anhidrosis test
• Possible longer duration than BOTOX
• Glabella: 20U > duration than 10U
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RT001: Topical BoTN-A
• Revance developed mechanism to allow
transepidermal transfer of large molecules
• Supplied as lyophilized 150kD BoTN-A +
proprietary peptide
• Reconstituted with poloxamer diluent
• Gels on contact with skin
• Removed after 30 min
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RT001 Lateral Canthal Lines
• 45 patients in each arm
• > 2 point improvement
• At 4 weeks– 44% > 2 point improvement
– 89% clinically relevant improvement
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RT001: 4 Week Response
Investigator Patient
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RT001: Topical BoTN-A
• No related adverse events
• No evidence of spread beyond treatment area
• 13 clinical trials in 1400 patients
• In Phase 3 trials in USA
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RT001: Topical BoTN-A
• Potential advantages in
– Hyperhidrosis
– Forehead
– Lateral orbit
– Platysma
• Less likely in
– Lower ½ of face
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RT001: Topical BoTN-A
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RT002
• Less BoTN-A spread
• Allows greater injection
– Possible longer duration?
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RT002
• TransMTS Peptide
• Remains in targeted area
• Limits spread
• Response (Investigator & Patient)
– 100% maintained at 6 months
– 50% maintained > 7 months
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Neuromodulator Alternatives
ThermiRase
Radiofrequency nerve ablation
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Neuromodulator Alternatives
Cryoneuromodulation
(Temporary neuropraxia)
• 20 patients
– All showed immediate reduction in frontalis dynamic lines
• 75% continued 1 point reduction in wrinkle severity at 30 days
• 50% positive response at 60 days
• No severe adverse eventsAJ Burns ASAPS 2012
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Botulinum Neuromodulators:
Clinical Uses
Karol A Gutowski, MD, FACS
DrGutowski.com For Physicians
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Add Lori Filler Jelly Roll