botany roots
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botanyTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 6 Roots
Plant organ systems
What are the primary functions of roots?
Fibrous and taproot systems
Dicots Monocots
Dicot root, c.s.
Root structure
Root cap
Parenchyma Mucigel Perception of
gravity
Dicot root, l.s.
Region of cell division Region of elongation
Region of maturation
Monocot root, c.s.
Phloem
Xylem
Endodermis
Endodermis regulates mineral absorption
Secondary growth Growth in diameter Ex. Sweet potato Secondary growth occurs at the lateral
meristems, namely the vascular cambiu and cork cambium.
The former forms secondary xylem and secondary phloem, while the latter forms the periderm.
Specialized roots Storage roots
Camote root
Roots of carrots
Storage roots
Roots which store a portion of the energy/nutrients gathered or produced
by a plant, Potatoes , beets , ginger are some examples of them.
Aerial roots
Aerial roots (poison ivy)
Aerial roots Velamen (orchids)
Aerial roots – velamen (orchids)
AERIAL ROOTS
Type of roots above the ground. They are almost always adventitious.
Contractile roots
Roots of a corn
Contractile root Roots that pull bulbs or corms deeper
in the soil through expanding radially and contracting longitudinally. They
have a wrinkled surface.
Buttress roots
Prop roots
Prop roots
Prop roots – Mangrove swamp
Propagative roots
Pneumatophores
Cypress pneumatophores, Black River, NC
Pneumatophores
These specialized aerial roots enable plants to breathe air in habitats that have waterlogged soil. The roots may grow down from the stem, or up from typical roots.
Mycorrhizae
A mutualistic fungal association with roots
Mycorrhizae
Root nodules
Root nodules
Root nodules
Nitrogen fixation research
Ammonia diffusion hypothesis of nitrogen transport into plants
Parasitic roots
Witchweed
Parasitic roots
Oscula of witchweed (Striga sp.)
Human uses of roots
yams
sweet potatoes
cassava
Rosemary's Root Beer Tonic
Ingredients (4 servings) 3 oz Sassafras Bark, dried 2 oz Sarsaparilla root, dried 1 oz Dandelion Root, dried 1 oz Burdock Root, dried 1/2 oz Ground Ginger root 1/2 oz Ground Cinnamon 1/4 oz Orange Peel, dried
Mix together all ingredients and store in a tightly closed container. In a large pot combine 1 quart of water and 4 tablespoons of dry mixture. Bring to a boil, cover and simmer for 15 to 20 minutes. Strain and sweeten with honey or stevia (also called "sweet herb") if desired. Source: Vegetarian Times, April 1993
link
Herbal medications
Ginger
Valerian extract, derived from the dried rhizomes and roots of the plant, has been used for thousands of years as a folk remedy, tranquilizer and calmative for several disorders such as restlessness, nervousness, insomnia, hysteria, menstrual problems, and as a sedative for "nervous" stomach. Valerian extracts are currently used in scores of compounds and teas in Europe.
Valeriana officinalis
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
Rotenone comes from Derris root and Lonchocarpus species leaf (Family: Leguminosae) It is an insecticide and also used as a fish poison. Rotenone disrupts cellular respiration and death is relatively slow compared to most nerve toxins. Rotenone is extremely toxic to fish and is used as a fish poison bySouth American Indians and in water management programs.
Roots & erosion ErosionSeed.com
Root research CO2 concentration and root growth
Phytoremediation and molecular farming– Mercury detoxification– TNT detoxification
Root cap function
Root nematodes
Root nematodes
-disrupts the uptake of nutrients and water
-interferes with plant growth
-vector for viruses
Root nematodes
Root nematode damage
Root nematode damage
Root nematodes reduce crop productivity