new fun with botany · 2017. 12. 10. · botany 2009. fun with botany april, 2002. plant uses and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Fun
with
Botany
2009
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Fun
with
Botany
April, 2002
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Plant Uses and Types
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Monocots
Dicots
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Gymnosperms
Keep leaves which are either
needles or flat scales
Seeds are not enclosed
Give off sticky substance (resin)
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Angiosperms – Monocots
Seeds – One (1) cotyledon
Flowers – Flower parts in
mutiples of three (3)
Leaves – Linear, parallel
veination
Vascular System – Scattered
bundles
Growth Habit – Herbaceous to
wood-like, no true wood
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Angiosperms – Dicot
Seeds – Two (2) cotyledons
Flowers – Flowers parts in
mutiples of four (4) or five (5)
Leaves – Broad, petiole present,
net veination
Vascular System – Ring of
vascular bundles
Growth Habit – Herbaceous or
woody
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Plant Classifications
Annuals
Biennials
Perennials
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Annuals
Complete cycle from seed
germination to seed production
in one growing season, and then
die
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Biennials
Produce vegetative structures
and food storage organs in the
first season. During the second
season, flowers, fruit and seed
develop to complete the life
cycle.
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Perennials
Plants live for many years and
typically produce flowers and
seeds each year after reaching
maturity. If top dies back
considered herbaceous. If top
persists it is classified as woody.
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Parts of a Plant
Vegetative
Reproductive
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Roots – Function
Anchor the plant
Absorb water and nutrients
Storage organ
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Roots – Types
Types
Taproot
Fibrous
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Roots – Cross Section
Cross Section
Xylem and Phloem
Root Hair
Epidermis
Cortex
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Roots
How they grow
Root Tip
Zone of
Elongation
Zone of
Maturation
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Fun
with
Botany
2007
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Stem – Functions
Support leaves and buds
Carries water, nutrients, and
food
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Stem – External Parts
Node
Internode
Buds
Types
Leaf
Flower
Location
Terminal
Lateral/Axillary
Adventitious
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Stem – Internal Parts
Vascular Bundles
Xylem
Phloem
Cambium
Epidermis
Cortex
Pith
Bark
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Modifications of Stems
Crown
Spurs
Rhizomes/Stolons
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More Modifications of
Stems
Tuber
Bulb
Corm
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Fun
with
Botany
2007
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Leaves – Functions
Primarily responsible for absorbing
sunlight for manufacturing plant
sugars
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Leaves – External Parts
Blade
Veins
Lobe
Midrib
Petiole
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Leaves – Internal Parts
Waxy layer
Upper/Lower epidermis
Stomata
Guard cells
Vein
Palisade layer
Spongy layer
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Leaves – Types
Simple
Compound
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Leaves – Arrangement
Alternate
Opposite
Whorled
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Leaves – Shapes
Leaf blade
Apex & bases
Margins
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Leaves - Veination
Pinnate veination
Feather-like, net veination with lateral
veins extending from a central midrib
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Leaves – Veination (con’t)
Palmate
Finger-like, net veination with several
major veins diverging from the petiole-
leaf blade union
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Leaves – Veination (con’t)
Parallel
Principle veins parallel to the axis of the
leaf
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Fun
with
Botany
2007
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In the Garden
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Flowers – Parts
Petals
Sepals
Pistils
Stamens
Photos from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy
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Graphic from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy
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Flowers – Types
Complete – contains all floral
parts: sepals, petals, stamens,
and pistils
Incomplete – Lacks one one more
of floral parts
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Graphic from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy
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Flowers – Reproductive
Differences
Perfect –
Contains both
pistils and
stamens
Graphic from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy
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Flowers – Reproductive
Differences (con’t)
Imperfect – lacks either pistils
or stamens
Pistillate – contains only pistils
Staminate – contains only stamens
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Imperfect Flower Types
Monoecious – Both
staminate and
pistillate flowers
on the same plant
Dioecious –
Staminate and
pistillate flowers
occur on separate
plants
Graphics from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy
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Attracting Pollinators
Graphic from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy
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Advertising with Color
Graphic from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy
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Advertising with Scents
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Advertising with
Shapes
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Fruit –Types
Simple
Multiple
Aggregate
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Seeds – Parts
Seedcoat
Endosperm
Embryo
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Seed Germination
Factors Affecting
Water
Light
Oxygen
Heat
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Seed Dispersal
Wind
Water
Animals, etc.
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Seeds – Dormancy
Scarification
Stratification
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Plant Naming
Binomial Nomenclature
K kingdom
P phylum
C class
O order
F family
G genus
S species
Pyrus calleryana ‘Bradford’
Rosaceae
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Plant Processes
Photosynthesis
Produces food
Stores energy
Occurs in cells that contain
chloroplasts
Releases oxygen
Uses water
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Plant Processes (con’t)
Respiration
Uses food for plant energy
Releases energy
Occurs in all cells
Uses oxygen
Produces water
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Factors Affecting Growth
Light
Quality – red and blue best, green is
reflected
Daylength – short day (SD) vs. long day
(LD) plants
Temperature
Affects flowering
Affects plant growth
Protects plants from blooming at wrong
time
Increases respiration, transpiration
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Fun
with
Botany
2007