Guzman, Peter

Marquez, Gabriel

Masango, Esebe

Neihart, Maegan

Section no. 20__ Group Member Names (last, first): Place an * after the name of the typist(s)

LABORATORY DATA SHEET FOR TAKING NOTES AND DRAFTING YOUR RESPONSESEXERCISE 1: Blood-Typing DataIndicate agglutination with a (+) sign and non-agglutination with a (-) sign for the columns labeled A, Band Rh. Then record the blood type for each of the subjects and their Rh factor.

Table 1: Agglutination, Blood types and Rh factors for a one lab section.SubjectA (Agglutination)B (Agglutination)Rh(Agglutination)BloodTypeRh Factor

1+_+A+

2+_+A+

3__+O+

4+__A_

5__+O+

6__+O+

Record the data for your lab section in Table 1. At the end of the week your TA will provide you with the data from all lab sections. At that point you will be able to complete Table 2.

Table 2: Summary of blood types in Biology 2124 student population.In This Lab SectionIn Entire Class*Class % of Total

A3

B0

AB0

O3

Total Observations100

Rh+5

Rh-1

Total Observations100

Blood Immune System -2

EXERCISE 2: Hematocrit data1. Sketch your hematocrit tube below. Label the various components on your drawing.

2. Calculate your subjects hematocrit:

Length of column of erythrocytes = 1.1mm 100% = 35.4% Total length of column of blood =3.1 mm

3. Is your subjects hematocrit normal?

No, it is slightly lower than normal.EXERCISE 3: LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIALS IN DIAGNOSIS CASE STUDY

Obtain a patient profile from your TA. What is your patient number?

Use the WBC count information from Table 5 to decide if each value is high, low or normal and indicate it on your patient profile. Use these values and the causes listed on the previous page to help diagnose the condition of the patient.

Table 5: Leukocyte function: The total normal WBC count per cubic millimeter is 5,000 to 10,000. The table below illustrates the percentage of each WBC type of the total WBC count.

Type of LeukocyteNormal % of TotalWBCs

Eosinophil1 to 4

Neutrophil50 70

BasophilLess than 1

Monocyte2 to 8

Lymphocyte25-80

Bands3 to 5

1. Based on Table 5, your patients total WBC shows: (Circle one) Leukopenia, Normal WBC,Leukocytosis

2. Compare the information in your case study to the possible diagnoses below.

Common Causes for Changes in WBC countLeukopeniaAutoimmune disease (neutrophils and lymphocytes commonly decrease)HIV (severe drop in lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils)Viral Infections (uniform drop in all leukocytes)Influenza (neutrophils drop, lymphocytes increase)Chemotherapy (basophils drop, lymphocytes increase)Bone marrow disordersHypersplenism (all 3 granulocytes may be reduced)

LeukocytosisLeukemia (acute lymphocytic leukemia- lymphocytes increase dramatically, all others drop)Trauma and tissue damage (increased monocytes, sometimes increased basophils)Acute infectious diseaseoParasitic (eosinophils increase and basophils increase)oBacterial (eosinophils decrease and others increase)Severe allergic reactions (eosinophils increase and basophils decrease)Infectious mononucleosis (increase in lymphocytes and decrease in granulocytes)Dehydration (all types increase due to loss of water volume)

3. The most probable diagnosis based on the patient history and the differential results is:

4. Explain how you came to this diagnosis. Are there any other tests that could confirm your diagnosis?

EXERCISE 4: LEUKEMIA

1. Your TA will post a slide from a leukemia patient on the front screen Use this slide to answer the following questions:What type of leukemia is shown on the slide?

Chronic leukemia

How does the leukemia blood smear compare with the normal blood smear?There are more mature lymphocytes and there are more cells overall in the leukemia blood smear. The normal blood smear had a lower amount of cells, and the cells were immature.

The type of leukemia observed was an agranulocytic leukemia. Did the leukocytes look like mature agranulocytes? ____Yes_______

Was the Powerpoint slide an acute or chronic leukemia? Chronic

Does this make sense with the type of cells you saw? Yes Explain.There was an excess amount of mature leukocytes.In the type of leukemia diagnosed above, the cancerous change takes place in a type of marrow cell that normally goes on to form _______lymphocytes___________, infection-fighting immune system cells. This type of leukemia involves a specific subtype of cells called the B-cell. Some forms can affect the T-cell, but these are less common.

2. What is the normal function of B-cells?

The normal function of B cells is to differentiate into memory plasma cells, which secrete antibodies that target the immature response against a specific antigen.

3. If a person was diagnosed with this type of leukemia that affected B-cells, how would this affect the immune response?

This would decrease the immune response.

CONCLUSIONS

1. Kareem Abdul- Jabbar, a famous NBA player and actor, was diagnosed with Chronic MyeloidLeukemia (CML).a.Based on this diagnosis, if you were to look at a slide containing a blood smear from Kareem, which of the following would you expect to see in high numbers? Explain your choice inthe space provided.LymphoblastsMyeloid stem cells* Mature granulocytes* Mature lymphocytes

Myeloid stem cells because they form the mature granulocytes. We would expect to see more mature granulocytes because the leukemia is chronic.

b. Would his hematocrit count be normal? Justify your answer.

The hematocrit count would depend on the time his blood is tested. If the count was taken later into the illness, then the overall count will be larger.

c.Would his innate or specific immune system be the most compromised by this form of leukemia?

2. Explain how the Eldon cards are used for blood typing. Be sure and explain how agglutination occurs and how you use the results to determine the blood type.

The Eldon cardsIf agglutination occurs on the

3.The patients below need to know their blood types! Complete the chart below by filling in the correct blood type for each patient.

Blood Type

Patient 1: Patient 2: Patient 3: Patient 4: Patient 5: Patient 6: Patient 7: Patient 8:

4. For six of the subjects in your laboratory section, you have determined blood types.Use this information to determine who can donate blood to whom and complete the table below.TableSubject Blood TypeCan Donate ToCan Receive From

1A+A+O-, A+, A-

2A+A+O-, A+, A-

3O+A+, B+, AB+O-, O+

4A-A+, A-O-, A-

5O+A+, B+, AB+O-, O+

6O+A+, B+, AB+O-, O+