Midterm Review Sheet CLST 319Fall 2015

The midterm will be in two sections and will take place in class on Monday, October 26th. There is another class right after ours, so I won’t be able to give anyone extra time: please try to arrive on time and use your time well. Please note that as I have cut the sources you will be directly examined on down considerably from those assigned in class, I expect you to know about them in some detail.

Section I will ask you to comment on the overall value of a source (see list below) for the study of the Roman army. This section will be worth 40%. You will be given 4 sources to chose from and asked to write a comment on 2, which will each be worth 20%. A list of possible sources that I will pick from is below.

A good answer would- identify the source (Trajan’s column, Polybius) and provide its date- discuss what type of source it is (text, inscription, public autobiography, triumphal

monument, imperial statue, etc.), why that matters and could affect the information it provides

- discuss why this source is important for Roman armyo For example, if you were writing on Vegetius you would outline the types

of information we get from him, especially information about training and other areas where we are much less informed from our other sources. You could also discuss if Vegetius is realistic or perhaps nostalgic for the past and how that may affect the information he provides.

- if relevant, discuss the wider impact of the sourceso For example, for the Augustus Prima Porta you might mention that this

statue was copied extensively throughout the empire in various forms, and thus spread Augustus’ image as a youthful general widely.

o Again or the Augustus Prima Porta, you might also mention that it set the tone for later imperial statues and thus helped cement the overall image of the emperor as a general, committed to his army (after all, the adlocutio pose reminds the viewer of the emperor addressing the army)

Section II will ask you to comment on a particular source (either visual or textual: see list below) and discuss what it specifically tells us about the Roman army and why it is important. This section will be worth 60% of the exam. You will be given 8 sources and asked to write on 3, which will each be worth 20%. You should focus the specific value and importance of the source right in front of you. You should concentrate on it and what it says and what specific information it tells us about a specific aspect of the Roman army or an individual, rather than being lured into talking extensively about its more general importance.

A good answer would- identify the source, being as specific as possible – including about the date, if

possible

- discuss it in some detail, mentioning specific information that we can draw from the source. For example, if you were discussing the tombstone of M. (M. = Marcus) Caelius, Centurion Primus Pilus [before you panic, the image is below] a good answer would mention

o who he was, how he died, and the rank(s) he held o the specific awards that are shown and what they might signify about how

this man and those who put up who put up the inscription felt about such awards

List of sources for section I

‘Altar’ of Domitius AhenobarbusAppianArch of TitusAugustus Prima Porta Cassius Dio (=Dio Cassius)JosephusJulius CaesarLivyMilitary DiplomasPolybiusRes GestaeTrajan’s ColumnVegetius

List of sources for section II:

1. Res Gestae (#18 Campbell, pg. 21 and #19 Campbell, pg. 21)2. Polybius’ discussion of military decoration (#139 Sage, pg. 214)3. Polybius on the rise of Rome as a world power (#79 Sage, pg. 99)4. Polybius on camp construction (#109 Sage, pg. 138)5. Polybius on the manipular legion (#49 Sage, pg. 706. Polybius on the Levy (#95 Sage, pg. 122)7. Sallust on restoration of discipline (#146 Sage, pg. 228)8. Sallust on reform of Marius (#157 Sage, pg. 238)9. Inscription for Gaius Velius Rufus (#94 Campbell, pg. 10. Inscription detailing Genius of Emperor (#208 Campbell, pg. 130)11. Josephus on the Triumphal procession (#139 Campbell, pg. 76)12. Military Diploma from Dacia (#326 Campbell, pg 199)13. Rights of Veterans from various sources (#336 Campbell, pg. 205)14. Vegetius on training (#13 Campbell, pg. 15)15. ILS 2487, Hadrian’s letter to army in Lambaesis (#17 Campbell, pg. 18)

Plus the following images (All of these can be found in the PowerPoints posted on the class website: I’ve added details below to help you find them. If you discover that you can’t find something, just let me know.)

16. Breast plate of the Augustus Prima Porta. More information on this can be found here: the site also has useful information on the entire statue. Highly recommended.)

17. Adlocutio scene from Trajan’s Column. An incredibly extensive site on the Column can be found here; they discuss this panel very briefly here.

18. Scutum from Dura-Europos. More information here.

19. Coin of Quintus Labienus Parthicus. Died 39 BCE. Fought for the Parthians after defeat of Republican side in 42 BCE. (Some more information can be found here.)

20. Tombstone of M. Caelius, Centurion Primus Pilus, showing his decorations. Died in the Varian disaster. (CIL 13.8648) Here is a link to more information on this source).