Mid-term Exam ReviewMid-term Exam Review

Spanish IISpanish II

Listening QuestionsListening Questions

• To prepare for these questions, go through the chapters and listen!! Listen to the words being spoken; listen to sentences and dialogs. On the test, you will listen to someone talking and answer questions about what he/she says.

• To prepare for these questions, go through the chapters and listen!! Listen to the words being spoken; listen to sentences and dialogs. On the test, you will listen to someone talking and answer questions about what he/she says.

VocabularyVocabulary

• Study the vocabulary from all of the units.

• Quizlet is a great website for making flashcards and practicing your vocabulary.

• Study the vocabulary from all of the units.

• Quizlet is a great website for making flashcards and practicing your vocabulary.

CultureCulture

• Go back through the units and reread and study all of the cultural sections

• Go back through the units and reread and study all of the cultural sections

Unit 5Unit 5

• Make sure you know the material from Unit 5 really well. A lot of the questions are about things we’ve learned in Unit 5 (La Descripción).

• Make sure you know the material from Unit 5 really well. A lot of the questions are about things we’ve learned in Unit 5 (La Descripción).

Present TensePresent Tense• Know regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs in

the present tense.• Also, know irregular verbs in the

present tense (like ser, estar, ir, etc.)• Present tense verbs are not a main

focus of the exam, but you still need to know them and be able to recognize them.

• Know regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs in the present tense.

• Also, know irregular verbs in the present tense (like ser, estar, ir, etc.)

• Present tense verbs are not a main focus of the exam, but you still need to know them and be able to recognize them.

Present Tense: Regular Verbs

Present Tense: Regular Verbs

-ar Verbs

HabloHablasHablaHablamosHabláisHablan

-ar Verbs

HabloHablasHablaHablamosHabláisHablan

-er Verbs

ComoComesComeComemosComéisComen

-ir Verbs

VivoVivesViveVivimosVivísViven

Present Tense: Irregular Verbs

Present Tense: Irregular Verbs

Ser

soyeresessomossoisson

Ser

soyeresessomossoisson

Estar

estoyestásestáestamosestáisestán

Ir

voyvasvavamosvaisvan

Preterite Tense: Regular Verbs

Preterite Tense: Regular Verbs

-ar Verbs

HabléHablasteHablóHablamosHablasteisHablaron

-ar Verbs

HabléHablasteHablóHablamosHablasteisHablaron

-er Verbs

ComíComisteComióComimosComisteisComieron

-ir Verbs

VivíVivisteVivióVivimosVivisteisVivieron

Preterite Tense: Irregular Verbs

Preterite Tense: Irregular Verbs

Ser -- to be

fuifuistefuefuimosfuisteisFueron

Ser -- to be

fuifuistefuefuimosfuisteisFueron

Ir -- to go

fuifuistefuefuimosfuisteisfueron

**Note that ser and ir have different meanings, but they have the same forms in the preterite tense

Preterite Tense: Irregular Verbs

Preterite Tense: Irregular Verbs

Tener - to have

tuvetuvistetuvotuvimostuvisteisTuvieron

Tener - to have

tuvetuvistetuvotuvimostuvisteisTuvieron

Estar- to be

estuveestuvisteestuvoestuvimosestuvisteisestuvieron

Andar-to walk

anduveanduvisteanduvoanduvimosanduvisteisanduvieron

Preterite Tense: Irregular Verbs

Preterite Tense: Irregular Verbs

hacer -- to do; to make

hicehicistehizohicimoshicisteishicieron

hacer -- to do; to make

hicehicistehizohicimoshicisteishicieron

querer -- to want, like, or love

quisequisistequisoquisimosquisisteisquisieron

Preterite Tense: Irregular Verbs

Preterite Tense: Irregular Verbs

Dar -- to give

didistediodimosdisteisDieron

Dar -- to give

didistediodimosdisteisDieron

Ver -- to see

vivisteviovimosvisteisvieron

Present ProgressivePresent ProgressiveEstar + Present Participle

estoy estamos verb root + ando (for -ar verbs)estás estáis iendo (for -er and -ir verbs)está están

Examples

Yo estoy hablando. (I am talking.)Tú estás comiendo (You are eating.)Ella está estudiando. (She is studying.)Nosotros estamos escuchando. (We are listening.)Ellos están escribiendo. (They are writing.)

**We use the present progressive to talk about what we are doing right now.

Estar + Present Participle

estoy estamos verb root + ando (for -ar verbs)estás estáis iendo (for -er and -ir verbs)está están

Examples

Yo estoy hablando. (I am talking.)Tú estás comiendo (You are eating.)Ella está estudiando. (She is studying.)Nosotros estamos escuchando. (We are listening.)Ellos están escribiendo. (They are writing.)

**We use the present progressive to talk about what we are doing right now.

Reflexive VerbsReflexive Verbs

• Reflexive verbs are verbs you use to talk about something you are doing to yourself. For example, when you talk about washing your hands, you use lavarse; when you talk about getting dressed, you use vestirse; when you talk about brushing your teeth, you used cepillarse.

• The "se" on the end of the verb is called the reflexive pronoun. When the reflexive pronoun is with the verb, it shows that one is doing something to him/herself. The reflexive pronoun changes, depending on what the subject is.

• Reflexive verbs are verbs you use to talk about something you are doing to yourself. For example, when you talk about washing your hands, you use lavarse; when you talk about getting dressed, you use vestirse; when you talk about brushing your teeth, you used cepillarse.

• The "se" on the end of the verb is called the reflexive pronoun. When the reflexive pronoun is with the verb, it shows that one is doing something to him/herself. The reflexive pronoun changes, depending on what the subject is.

Reflexive VerbsReflexive Verbs

Reflexive Pronouns:Me NosTe OsSe Se

Reflexive Pronouns:Me NosTe OsSe Se

Reflexive VerbsReflexive Verbs• So, let's use lavarse as an example. Lavar = to wash; the reflexive

pronoun shows that one is washing oneself. (In the examples, the subject is in boldprint, and the reflexive pronoun is blue.)

• Yo me lavo la cara. I wash my face.• Tú te lavas la cara. You wash your face.• José se lava la cara. José washes his face.• María se lava la cara. Maria washes her face.• Usted se lava la cara. You wash your face.• Nosotros nos lavamos las manos. We wash our hands.• Vosotros os laváis las manos. You all wash your hands.• Ellos se lavan las manos. They wash their hands.• María y Ana se lavan las manos. María and Ana wash their hands.• Ustedes se lavan las manos. You all wash your hands.

• So, let's use lavarse as an example. Lavar = to wash; the reflexive pronoun shows that one is washing oneself. (In the examples, the subject is in boldprint, and the reflexive pronoun is blue.)

• Yo me lavo la cara. I wash my face.• Tú te lavas la cara. You wash your face.• José se lava la cara. José washes his face.• María se lava la cara. Maria washes her face.• Usted se lava la cara. You wash your face.• Nosotros nos lavamos las manos. We wash our hands.• Vosotros os laváis las manos. You all wash your hands.• Ellos se lavan las manos. They wash their hands.• María y Ana se lavan las manos. María and Ana wash their hands.• Ustedes se lavan las manos. You all wash your hands.

Direct Object PronounsDirect Object PronounsDirect object: receives the actions of the

verb; answers the question, who? Or what?Direct object: receives the actions of the

verb; answers the question, who? Or what?

Direct Object PronounsMe NosTe OsLo, la Los, Las

Direct Object Pronouns replace the direct object; they go before the conjugated verb or at the end of an infinitive

Direct Object PronounsDirect Object PronounsYo practico deportes. (I practice sports.)Ella tira la pelota. (She throws the ball.)

Tú llamas a tus padres. (You call your parents.)

Yo los practico. (I practice them.) (them=sports)Ella la tira. (She throws it.) (it = the ball)Tú los llamas. (You call them.) (them = your parents)

Yo practico deportes. (I practice sports.)Ella tira la pelota. (She throws the ball.)

Tú llamas a tus padres. (You call your parents.)

Yo los practico. (I practice them.) (them=sports)Ella la tira. (She throws it.) (it = the ball)Tú los llamas. (You call them.) (them = your parents)

Indirect Object PronounsIndirect Object PronounsIndirect object: answers the question, to

whom? or for whom?Indirect object: answers the question, to

whom? or for whom?

Indirect Object PronounsMe NosTe OsLe Les

Indirect Object Pronouns replace the indirect object; they go before the conjugated verb or at the end of an infinitive

Indirect Object PronounsIndirect Object Pronouns1. Escribo una carta a mi madre. Le escribo una carta. I write a letter to my mother. I write her a letter

2. Él tira la pelota a su hermana. Le tira la pelota. He throws the ball to his sister. He throws her the ball.

3. Tú das el pan a mí. Tú me das el pan. You give the bread to me. You give me the bread

1. Escribo una carta a mi madre. Le escribo una carta. I write a letter to my mother. I write her a letter

2. Él tira la pelota a su hermana. Le tira la pelota. He throws the ball to his sister. He throws her the ball.

3. Tú das el pan a mí. Tú me das el pan. You give the bread to me. You give me the bread

Doler: to hurt, to acheDoler: to hurt, to ache

Me duele la espalda. (My back hurts.)

Te duelen los ojos. (Your eyes hurt.)

Le duele la cabeza. (His head hurts.)

Me duele la espalda. (My back hurts.)

Te duelen los ojos. (Your eyes hurt.)

Le duele la cabeza. (His head hurts.)

Los ComparativosLos ComparativosTo say something is "more" más (adjetivo) queTo say something is "less" menos (adjetivo) queTo say something is "as ___ as" tan (adjetivo)

como

For example: El burro es más grande que la araña. El burro es menos grande que el elefante. El burro es tan grande como la cebra.

To say something is "more" más (adjetivo) queTo say something is "less" menos (adjetivo) queTo say something is "as ___ as" tan (adjetivo)

como

For example: El burro es más grande que la araña. El burro es menos grande que el elefante. El burro es tan grande como la cebra.

Ser & EstarSer & Estar

• Both verbs mean to be• Used in different instances

• Both verbs mean to be• Used in different instances

Ser: the formsSer: the formsPresent Tense Past TenseSoy fuiEres fuisteEs fueSomos fuimosSois fuisteisSon fueron

Present Tense Past TenseSoy fuiEres fuisteEs fueSomos fuimosSois fuisteisSon fueron

Ser -- When to use itSer -- When to use it

• To talk about la hora & la fecha (time & date)

• For permanent or long-term things: Origin Profession Basic physical or personality traits

• To talk about la hora & la fecha (time & date)

• For permanent or long-term things: Origin Profession Basic physical or personality traits

Estar: The FormsEstar: The FormsPresent Tense Past Tenseestoy estuveestás estuvisteestá estuvoestamos estuvimosestáis estuvisteisestán estuvieron

Present Tense Past Tenseestoy estuveestás estuvisteestá estuvoestamos estuvimosestáis estuvisteisestán estuvieron

Estar - When to use itEstar - When to use it• To talk about location of a person,

object, or place• To form present progressives• For temporary or short-term things:

Emotions Temporary conditions (tired, sick, etc.) How you’re doing

• To talk about location of a person, object, or place

• To form present progressives• For temporary or short-term things:

Emotions Temporary conditions (tired, sick, etc.) How you’re doing