biomolecules lecture carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids
TRANSCRIPT
Biomolecules Lecture
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids
You are what you eat
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
4 Examples:
1. Glucose
2. Fructose
3. Ribose
4. Deoxyribose
Glucose Structure
Function of Glucose
Fructose Structure
Function of Fructose
• Used by sperm cells as source of energy
• Converted to glucose and used as source of energy
Structure of Ribose and Deoxyribose
deoxyribose
Function of Ribose
• Part of RNA nucleotides and ATP
RNA Nucleotide
RNA
Function of Ribose
• Part of RNA nucleotides and ATP
ATP
Function of Deoxyribose• Part of DNA
nucleotides
Disaccharides
3 examples:
1. Sucrose
2. Lactose
3. Maltose
Carbohydrate Synthesis/Hydrolysis
Carbohydrate Structure
Maltose
Glucose +
Glucose
Sucrose Structure
Sucrose Function
• Once it is broken down, it is used as a source of energy
Lactose
Maltose
How sweet is sweet?• We perceive a sweet taste when a
chemical binds to the sweet receptor on the tongue –The structure of a compound determines
how well it fits into a receptor–The more strongly the chemical binds to the
receptor, the sweeter it is perceived to be –The chemical can be sugar or another
compound, such as aspartame
Polysaccharides
3 examples:
1. Glycogen
2. Starch
3. Cellulose
GLYCOGEN
CELLULOSE
STARCH
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Lipids
3 types of lipids:
1. Triglycerides (fats & oils)
2. Phospholipids
3. Steroids
Lipids Fats and oils are composed of 2 types of Fats and oils are composed of 2 types of
subunits: subunits: glycerol and fatty acids.glycerol and fatty acids.
Examples of Trigylcerides
Triglyceride
Triglyceride
Saturated Fats
Unsaturated Fats
Trans Fats
Phospholipids
Phospholipids
Steroids
1 2
3 4
Examples of Steroids
ProteinsProteins
Proteins are made up of amino acids linked together
Proteins
OH
ProteinsProteins
Examples of Amino Acids
Protein Structure
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The function of a protein is a result of its 3-D structure
Protein Structure
Protein Structure
Lactase
Protein Structure
Protein Movement
Protein Transport
Protein TransportLE 5-13c
ATP
Protein Buffers
Help maintain pH in our body
Protein Receptors Can Activate Molecules
Messenger molecule
Receptor
Activatedmolecule
Protein Control
Protein Defense
Protein Enzymes
Enzyme Active Site
DNA: 1. Stores genetic code. That is it stores
all of the “recipes” for making the proteins our body needs (cookbook)
2. Controls when cells divide
3. Regulates metabolism (when enzymes are made)
Genes:Instructions for making 1 protein
(1 “recipe”)
RNA Structure
RNA Structure
RNA Function
1. Involved in protein synthesis
2. Can function as enzymes (called ribozymes)
mRNAHas rewritten instructions for making proteins
(rewritten “recipe”)
tRNACarries amino acids (ingredients) as per
instructions on mRNA rRNAHolds mRNA and tRNA so that amino acids
can be linked as per original “recipe” on DNA (mixing bowl)
DNA Nucleotide
Phosphate Group
Sugar
Nitrogenous Base
DNA Nucleotide
RNA Structure
DNA vs RNA
DNA and RNA
RNA