biometrics naved & adi

8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi

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BIOMETRICSA REPORT ON BIOMETRICS BY

Aditya Mayekar.

Naved Bichu


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BIOMETRICSINTRODUCTION

Biometrics involves measuring an individuals unique

physical or behavioral characteristics to determine or verify

their identity. Common physical biometrics include

fingerprints, hand or palm geometry, face, iris or retina.

The most widely used physical biometric is fingerprint.

Behavioral biometrics include signature, voice (with a

physical aspect), keystroke pattern and gait. Of this class

the most developed technologies are signature and voice.


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TYPES OF BIOMETRICS

FINGER PRINT SCANNING

RETINAL SCANNING

IRIS SCANNING FACIAL SCANNING

VOICE SCANNING

DNA FINGERPRINTING


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BIOMETRICS

How biometric process works.

System has some prestored data.

The fingerprint is scanned.


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HOW BIOMETRIC PROCESS

WORKS


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BIOMETRICS

Scanning

The system matches the scanned data with the stored data and

gives the appropriate result

Access is granted only when match is found.

Biometrics system is highly reliable.


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BIOMETRICS

Positive identification.

Is this person known to system

Authenticity of a person can be verified with

high certainty.


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BIOMETRIC

Fingerprint Scanning

Humans have fingerprints for the exact same

reason that tires have treads.

Different people have entirely sets of

fingerprints which enables identification.

A fingerprint is made up of ridges and valleys

(lines and the gaps separating them).


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BIOMETRIC


The most commonly used

method of scanning is optical

scanning.

An optical scanner has a CCDsensor similar to thrones used

in digital cameras.

An ADC system in the

scanner processes the electric

signals to generate digital

representations of the image.


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BIOMETRIC


The process begins the

time you place your

finger on the glass plate.

The scanner has its ownsource of light which

illuminate the finger and

the CCD inside takes

picture of finger.

Matching of prints is a

fairly complex process.


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BIOMETRIC

Iris Scan

Iris Scan, though relating tothe eye uses a completelydifferent method ofidentification.

The iris is the coloured ringsurrounding the pupil.

The scan analyses thefeatures that exist in thecoloured tissue.

Over 200 points can be usedfor comparison such as therings, furrows and freckles.


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BIOMETRIC

Iris Scan

Iris recognition is a method of biometric identificationbased on high-resolution images of the iris is of anindividuals eyes.

An Iris-recognition algorithm first has to identify theapproximately concentric circular outer boundaries ofthe iris and the pupil in a photo of an eye.

Using a small camera, an iris-recognition system

photographs one or both eyes and converts the smalldetails in the iris stromal pattern into a bit pattern thatis suitabe for unambiguous positive identification of anindividual.

BIOMETRICS


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BIOMETRICS

DNA

Introduction Recently included in biometrics

Serves as full set of building blocks for each person and itsunique

Humans share 99.9% of DNA

DNA is a large molecule whose shape resemble a double helixwhich looks like a ladder twisted in a spiral

Each molecule consists a string of nucleotide

Composition of each molecule of nucleotides

a) Sugar molecule

b) Phosphate molecule

c) Nitrogenous base


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BIOMETRICS

BasesThe use of DNA in biometricapplication focuses on thenitrogenous bases

Adenine (A)

Cytosine (C)

Guanine (G)

Thymine (T)

Adenine pairs with Thymine andCytosine

with guanine

DNA is measured in unit called nt(nucleotides)

BIOMETRICS


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BIOMETRICS

Electrophoresis

The DNA is sequencedusing a technique knownas Electrophoresis

What is electrophoresis ?a) electrophoresis is theprocess in which themolecule is separated

into its two constituentsstrands and placed at oneend of the of gelatin likegel


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BIOMETRICS

Retinal Scanning Introduction

a) It is very old technology

b) For the retina to be scanned theuser looks through the hole inthe scanning device

c) A low intensity light fall on theretina which scandalize the layerof blood vessel at the back of theeye for matching patterns

Use

a) It is use for security purpose History

a) This technology started in 1930s


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BIOMETRICS

Facial Recognition The camera pans around looking

for face. The minute it encountersa face, it starts scanning it andproceeds to identifying the variousnode and taking measurement ifpossible.

Once the face is detected thesystem determine the heads sizeand position

The algorithm then converts theface into a face print based onpredefined criteria programmed

into the algorithm The new data is then used as a

filter to sort through the databaseof faces at super fast speed tocome up with a match


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BIOMETRICS

Voice Recognition

It works by storing voice patterns, and then

using them as database to authenticate a subject.

It works by noting a persons voice and converts

it into a audio file.

The phrase should be 1 to 1.5 seconds in length.

The subject is asked to close the phrase and

repeat it.


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BIOMETRICS

Voice Recognition

Voice Recognition can use plain audio sources(telephones, cell phones etc..) to authenticate the user.

Voice Recognition is often confused with speechrecognition.

If the subject has a sour throat or suffering from cold italters the voice quite considerably.

Outside noise like horns blaring, people screaming, thesystem might refuse to authenticate the user.


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MARKETSHARE OF BIOMETRIC

METHODS


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BIOMETRICS

Merits

A lot of products in modern day worldincorporate one or other form of Biometricsecurity.

Microsoft recently launched a fingerprintscanner, compatible with Windows XP.

India has few companies dedicated toBiometrics-based product development.


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BIOMETRICS

Merits

The Tirupati Temple in Andhra Pradesh hasdeployed Biometrics for crowd control.

A pilot project is on in US where instead ofswiping your credit card, you simply put yourthumb in the fingerprint scanner in the ATM.

Biometrics can certainly be a powerful securitytool to combat terrorism.


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BIOMETRICS

Demerits

Biometrics can prove a potential threat to privacy.

Using various security cameras deployed on road ourmovements from office to work would not remainprivate.

You find a truckload of sites on internet giving detailedinstructions on how to go about about fakingfingerprints.


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BIOMETRICS

Conclusion

Unique identification potential of biometrics can

help identifying criminal, eliminating fraud.

It is highly reliable.

biometrics naved & adi

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