garden city farooque naved

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'GARDEN CITY'

A CONCEPT

BYEBENEZER HOWARD

H.U.FAROOQNAVED ALI NAJMI

B.ARCH IVTH YR(sfs)

TOWNPLANNING

F/ ARCH ! E"I#TIC#$J.


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The man behind the birth of the Garden City movementwas born in Fore Street in the City of London, the son ofa shopkeeper.He had no particular advantaes of class, or specialeducation, but at an early ae he was sent away toschool, where received an early e!posure to a more ruralenvironment."hile he worked for a #rm of law stenoraphers Howardwitnessed the reeneration of the central businessdistrict and the development of the city$s rapidly rowinsuburbs.%n &'() Howard returned to *nland where he +oined a#rm of ocial -arliamentary reporters. Here he was

responsible for recordin the details of debates ,committees and commissions. Throuh his work hebecame aware of, and frustrated by how dicult-arliament found it to #nd solutions to the problems ofhousin and labour.

/01T */*2*3*4 H0"45


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Howard observed that all parties no matter how opposedpolitically, socially or by reliious beliefs were virtuallyunited by one issue, the continued stream miration from

country districts to the already overcrowded cities.

The backround to the problem was the rowth of the6ictorian industrial cities. %ndustrialisation had drawn thepopulation into the cities with the promise of better waes,

and amonst other attractions, more opportunities for workand social activities.

1nfortunately the cities became overcrowded, housin,water supply and drainae inade8uate and rents and priceshih.

0n the other side of the problem , the country andaricultural land was bein stripped of its able bodied


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ADVANTAGE#

EMPLOYMENT

PLACE# OFAMU#EMENT

HIGHWAGE#

#OCIAL

OPPURTUNITIE#

T0"2


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DI#ADVANTAGE#

OVERCROWDED

HIGH

RENT

NOLIN"AGE

TONATURE

INADEQUATE WATER

#UPPLY !DRAINAGE

T0"2


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ADVANTAGE#

BEAUTY OFNATURE

BRIGHT

#UN#HINE

LOWRENT#

ABUNDANCE

OF WATER

C012T49


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DI#ADVANTAGE#

LAC" OF JOB#

DECLINE OFAGRICULTUR

ALCOMMUNITIE#

LOWRENT#

NO PUBLIC

#PIRIT

C012T49


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*bene:er wanted to combine the advantaes of bothtown and country.

6ision;towns free of slums.

0ut of this concern came his book in &'


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Limited si:e

-lanned in advance

%ndependent towns

Surrounded by a permanent belt of aricultural land-erfect blend of city with nature

balance of work and leisure

balance of control and freedom

Harmonious relationship between the machine andarden.

/S%C C02C*-T


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C%T9 L901T;&

• Total area of city;)=== acres.• Covers an area of &,=== acres, or a si!th part of the ),=== acres.• >iht be of circular form, &,?@= yards from centre to circumferenc• The place was like that in "orld$s Fairs and e!hibitions.• The place divided central park from e!cellently built houses.


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%t was set apart from traditional public life where rules ande!pectations are suspended.

%t had a unpredictable weather to en+oy the arti#cial +oys ofshoppin and even a "inter Garden.

Here citi:ens may play in commercial worlds of fantasy

-roposed a harmonious departure from the street line.

C%T9 L901T;&


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/eyond the urban core, individuals or roups may constructcharitable oranisation without overnment interference.

%n the reenbelt, farmers and co;operatives may try any systemto tend their livestock or row their crops as they deem useful.

Thus he tried to balance the forces of control and freedom.

C%T9 L901T;&


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Consists of diAerent :ones,

street types and reen. The core in the centre is

about @ kmB and contains acentral park, surrounded by

a commercial, cultural andadministrative :one.

Here, the idea of theshoppin mall came up, asHoward wanted to develop

a Crystal palace whereoods such as hand craftproduced by theinhabitants could be soldrotected from weather.

C%T9 L901T;?


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5urin the weekends thecore was supposed to bethe cultural andrecreational centre.

Si! mani#centboulevards connect thecentre with thecircumference, dividin

the city into si! parts. wide DGrand venueE

and some smaller DFirst toFifth venueE rin roadsare arraned circular

around the centre, andtoether with the radialroads, they form the wards; livin area.


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• *very family has ahouse of a minimumsi:e of )m ! =m with

a shared or ownedarden. Socialinfrastructure Di.e.schoolsE is locatedalon the Grand

venue .

• The outer rin issupposed for smallscale industries and

manufactories to keepthe inhabitants awayfrom emission and areen belt and a circle


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The houses are built either in concentric rins,facin the boulevards and roads which allconvere to the centre of the town.

"alkin toward the outskirts of the town, liesthe $Grand venue.

%t is @?= feet wide, and, divides that part of thetown which lies outside Central -ark into two belts.

%n this splendid avenue si! sites, each of fouracres, are occupied by public schools and theirsurroundin playrounds and ardens.

0n the outer rin of the town are factories,warehouses, dairies, markets, coal yards,timber yards, etc.


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0nce a Garden City is built up to a population of?,===, now, how will it row

Growth will be such that it will always add to itsbeauty and convenience.

new city has to be founded in a reasonabledistance of about ( km to the others to protect thecountryside.

The city of delaideIsurrounded by its $-ark

Lands, rows by leapin over the $-ark Lands$ andestablishin 2orth delaide. nd this is theprinciple which intended the rowth of GardenCity.

C%T9 *J-2S%02


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The new city should have a :one

of country of its own. The cities are well connected

throuh a railway system toe!chane oods.

For administration, these would

be two citiesK but the inhabitantsof the one could reach the otherin a very few minutes.

The cities will be so roupedaround a Central City that eachinhabitant, thouh livin in atown of small si:e, would be inreality livin in, and would en+oyall the advantaes of, a reat andmost beautiful city.

-4%2C%-L* 0F C%T9$S G40"TH


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%2T*4 ;>12%C%-L C2L ; each town bein connected with every other town in theroup by a direct route.

%2T*4 >12%C%-L 4%L"9

&. Connects all the towns of the outer rin twenty miles incircumference.

?. %ts most distant neihbor re8uires to cover a distance of only tenmiles, which could be accomplished in, twelve minutes.

. These trains would not stop between the towns.

@. lso is a means of direct communication with Central City.

M. The distance from any town to the heart of Central City is onlythree and a 8uarter miles, and this could be readily covered in#ve minutes.E

.*L*CT4%C T4>"9S ; traverse the hih roads.

H0" T0 CH%*6* %T


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Letchworth Garden City is the #rst arden city in the world.%t is located in the 1nited Nindom in Hertfordshire, close to

the county border with /edfordshire, and appro!imately Mmiles north of London.

The town was established in &


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Letchworth was never able to provide ood housin forlow income workers .

1p to twelve homes were built per acre, each with itsown Oower arden.

Trees had been worked around in the constructionphase so the town had the appearance of beinmature lon before it actually was.

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Creation of Germany$s #rst arden city of Hellerau in&


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%t contains open spaces and ardens around all the dwellin houses and

also factory buildins.

%t has a population which is neither too small nor too lare. Howardadvocated the limit of population between ==== to @====people.Thus,the rowth of a arden city is limited in order that itsinhabitants may live near work, shops, social centers and each other and

also near to open country.

%t is a city owned by all citi:ens on a co;operative basis. The ownershipe!tends upto the reen belt or ariculture :one.

%t is an independent entity havin its own civic life and aAordin all the

daily needs with ade8uate space for schools and other functionalpurposes and pleasant park and parkways.

ConclusionP


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It is self suffient unit having its own industries.

It is surrounded on its periphery by green belt. Thus ,the townarea is defined and a large area is reserved permanently for

agriculture. Thus, farmers are assured of a nearby market and

culture centre and the town dwellers get the benefit of a country

situation.

The principles of zoning are applied to the city and no alterations

in the use of land are allowed.

The surplus fund is utilizes for the development of the communityitself.


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4*F4*2C*SP

"ikipedia.com

httpPQQwww.library.cornell.eduQ4epsQ50CSQhoward.htm

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