biomedical waste and nuclear waste

8/21/2019 Biomedical Waste and Nuclear Waste

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Biomedical waste

Definition

Anything tested or used on an individual, or any trash from

biological experiments

Generated from

Waste generated by health care facility

Research facility

Laboratories


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Types of biomedical waste

Tissues, organs, body parts

Generated duringresearch/experimentation,from veterinary hospitals

Laboratory cultures,micro-organisms, humanand animal cell cultures,toxins

Hypodermic needles,syringes, scalpels,

broken glass

Generated from any of theinfected areas

Human anatomical waste

Animal waste

Microbiology andbiotechnology waste

Waste sharps

Liquid waste


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Types of biomedical waste

Soiled waste

Chemical waste

Discarded medicines and

cyto-toxic drugs

Radioactive Components

Incineration ash

Dressing, bandages, plaster casts,

material contaminated with blood

Alcohol, Sulphuric acid, chlorinepowder, Glutaraldehyde, Picricacid, fertiliser, ammonia

Barium enema, X-rays, Cancer

chemotherapy, tar-based products

EtBr, Radioactive components


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Hazards from biomedical waste

Infectious disease

Hazard from chemical wastes

Hazard from radioactive wastes


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TYPE OF WASTE

TREATMENT AND

DISPOSAL

OPTION

Human Anatomical WasteIncineration/ deep

burial

Animal Waste Incineration/ deep

burial

Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste

Local autoclaving/

microwaving /

incineration

Treatment and Disposal


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Waste SharpsDisinfecting / autoclaving/

shredding

Discarded Medicine and Cyto-toxic drugs

Incineration/ destruction

and drugs disposal in

secured landfills

Soiled Waste Incineration/ autoclaving

Solid Waste

Disinfecting by chemical

treatment / autoclaving/

shredding


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Liquid Waste

Disinfecting by chemical

treatment and discharge intodrains

Incineration Ash Disposal in landfill

Chemical Waste

Chemical treatment anddischarge into drains for

liquids and secured landfill for

solids.


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DistrictNo of Health

Care Institutions

Number

ofbeds

TotalWaste

kg/day

Alappuzha 343 8835 11486Ernakulam 546 15819 20565

Idukki 194 4096 5325

Kannur 392 5149 6694

Kasaragod 209 2107 2739

Kollam 704 7530 9789Kottayam 440 9323 121209Kozhikode 342 9034 11744

Malappuram 327 5030 6539

Palakkad 316 4925 6403

Pathanamthitta 310 5096 6625Thiruvananthapur

am411 12910 16783

Thrissur 434 12991 16888

Wayanad 127 2307 2999

Total 5095 105152 136699

District wise details of health care institutions, beds and waste generation


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IMAGEIMA Goes Eco-friendly

Initiated in 2000 to assist Government and Private Hospitals in

Kerala

Central Waste Management Plants

located in Palakkad

60% of the hospitals are affiliated to IMAGE


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NUCLEAR WASTE


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TYPES OF NUCLEAR WASTE

Low level waste20-30 years

High level waste


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EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR WASTE

Health risk

1. Somatic effects (effect is primarily suffered by

the individual exposed example: cancer)

2. GENETICS EFFECTS (effect is suffered by

the offspring of the individual exposed)


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Disposal methods


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Geological Dumping

Geological disposal means disposal of nuclear waste

under continental crust or under seabed

It provides natural isolation system that is stable overthousands of years to contain long lived radioactive

waste


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TRANSMUTATION OF HIGH

LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE

Transmutation devices consisting of nuclear reactor

and an accelarator of charged particles are used to

destroy radioactivity by neutrons The fission fragments can be transmuted by neutron

capture and beta decay to produce stable nucleus

biomedical waste and nuclear waste

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