biomass as a valuable renewable source for the creation of ... · 2 mwe windfloat project in the...
TRANSCRIPT
Biomass as a valuable renewable
source for the creation of
sustainable regions using the
concept of circular economy
Francisco Gírio, Rafal M. LukasikUnit of BioenergyNational Laboratory of Energy and [email protected]
XVII Seminário Luso-Alemão de EnergiaLisbon, October 17th, 2017
The Energy (and Policies) in Portugal
Major facts:
Strong dependency on imported fuels (Oil, Natural Gas and Coal),
though decreasing. No Nuclear energy.
Strong Renewable Energy resources (Hydro, Wind, Solar, Biomass,
Geothermal and Marine).
Main national energy strategies consist of the National Renewable
Energy Action Plan (PNAER) and National Energy Efficiency Action
Plan (PNAEE) both till 2020.
More recently (2017):
a National Plan for Promotion Biomass-based Biorefineries are
under approval in Council of Ministers.
a National Strategy for the Circular Economy
The Energy in Portugal
Primary Energy Consumption [ktoe]
Sources: www.dgeg.pt, www.pordata.pt
Decrease in total
reflects mostly the
decrease in oil
consumption (in
transport and
Industry).
Still strong
dependency of
imported oil, though
decreasing.
Important role of
Renewables
Total
Oil
RenewablesCoal Natural Gas
Floating PV system in a dam in the
North of Portugal
A 2.2 MWe PV power plant in Estremoz.
First without FIT. 2 MWe WindFloat project in the North coast of
Portugal.
E-Renewables in Portugal
9 MWe Biomass-based
power plant in Mortágua.
Source: REN (Portuguese TSO)
E-Renewables in Portugal*
*However, still strongly dependent of the Big Hydro.
BIOMASS vs other renewable energies: its
importance for sustainable tourism
Biomass:- Natural habitats
- Nature-based tourism
- Social aspects (job creation, well-
being) – Rural Tourism, etc
- Contribution to development of
sustainable region concept
But also….
- Natural source of energy for e.g.
hospitality sector
Biomass – as an energy source
Solid fuels (heat & power):- wood pellets, chips or logs to power central heating and hot
water boilers (heat & power)
Liquid fuels (e.g. for greener (public) transport):- Greener (public) transport (bioethanol, biodiesel, advanced
liquid fuels, aviation fuels)
- Heat (ethanol for fireplaces)
Gasous fuels (H2, biogas, biomethane)- Heavy duty long-distance
- Maritime
- Home energy stations
Source: GENeco
Source: http://www.arundo-donax.com/bioethanol/
Source:
https://www.maierhardware.com/shop
/home-heating/wood-pellets/
For Electricity production:
Flexibility measures related to the integration of variable Renewables like Storage and
Demand Response are needed. Biomass-powered plants can contribute for it!
Recently, a new period for licencing new Biomass-based Power (CHP) Plants up to 60
MWe was launched to increase forest cleaning and prevent fires. A FIT is foreseen.
Biomass in Portugal. Potential Impact on Tourism
Value Chain.
For Electricity production:
Flexibility measures related to the integration of variable Renewables like Storage and
Demand Response are needed. Biomass-powered plants can contribute for it!
Recently, a new period for licencing new Biomass-based Power (CHP) Plants up to 60
MWe was launched to increase forest cleaning and prevent fires. A FIT is foreseen.
For Heating and Cooling:
Promote the use of Biomass for heating purposes helping also to
contribute to a sustainable forest and helping to prevent fires.
Integration of Renewable Energies in buildings towards nearly Zero Energy
Buildings. Household wastes and CO2 emissions can be integrated in
the NextGen Biomass-Technologies for urban cities and smart
buildings.
Biomass in Portugal. Potential Impact on Tourism
Value Chain.
For the Transport Sector:
Incorporate 1G and, preferently 2G biofuels in the ICE vehicles.
Promote SNG (Biomethanne) fuelled cars (gaseous biofuels) from wastes
and other biomasses
Promote Advanced Biomass-based Biorefinery plants (National Plan).
Promote e-mobility. Continue the work already started in the installation of
charging stations (Portuguese electric mobility project www.mobie.pt ).
Biomass in Portugal. Potential Impact on Tourism
Value Chain.
Mobi-E refuelling network for
electric plug-in vehicles
(portuguese patent)
© OECD/IEA 2017
Surging EVs to complement biofuels in renewable transport
Share of renewables in road transport increases from 4% in 2016 to almost 5% in 2022, with biofuels
representing 80% of the growth led by Asia & Brazil; EV electricity consumption doubles by 2022, with
renewables providing 30% of demand
20162022
7%
Biofuels and electric vehicles contribution to renewable energy consumption in road transport
4%
Biofuels
EV 2/3wheelers
Electrc carsand buses
Source: Martin Schope, REWP Chair, IEA, Lisbon, 10 Oct 2017
Sustainable Tourism vs. Sustainable Regions
DEFINITION OF AN “IDEAL” SUSTAINABLE REGION / CITY / RESORT
Near-zero GHG emissions
Near-zero air pollutions emissions
Near-zero wastewaters generated
Reduced energy expenditure (and 100% renewable)
Sustainable Tourism vs. Sustainable Regions
DEFINITION OF AN “IDEAL” SUSTAINABLE REGION / CITY / RESORT
Near-zero GHG emissions
Near-zero air pollutions emissions
Near-zero wastewaters generated
Reduced energy expenditure (and 100% renewable)
HOW TO REACH IT?
o Environmental engineering planning
o Energy systems integration and storage
o Use of local biowastes/bio-residues/biomasses
o Use of sustainable technologies (low GHG emissions)
o Processes innovation (links with knowledges centers:
Universities/Research Centers)
Sustainable Tourism vs. Sustainable RegionsTowards a zero CO2
Emmissions concept:
No waste and CO2
neutral
Sustainable Tourism. Sustainable regions
Energy-efficient WWT
MFC´s (Microbial Fuel Cells).
- for energy-efficient waste water treatments.
- Still non-mature technology. Needs efforts on R&D and Innovation at
Demo scale.
Advanced Water Management Centre
Foster's brewery, Queensland (Australia))
© IEA 2017
The phases of System Integration
Power systems can be defined by the dimensions of the challenge to integrate VRE. Electricity only accounts for around one fifth of total final energy demand today. The next rise in renewables will require multiplying their
uses in buildings, industry and transport
IE DK
DE ESUK IT PTGR
BRCL
IN NZCN AT
SE CAISO
ERCOT
AU
ID ZA
PJM MX
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Phase 4 - Short-term stability
Phase 3 -Flexibility is key
Phase 2 - Betteroperations
Phase 1 - Norelevant impact
Notes: AT = Austria; AU = Australia; BR = Brazil; CL = Chile; CN = China; DE = Germany; DK = Denmark; ES = Spain; GR = Greece; ID = Indonesia; IE = Ireland; IN =
India; IT = Italy; MX = Mexico; NZ = New Zealand; PT = Portugal; SE = Sweden; UK = the United Kingdom; ZA = South Africa. PJM, CAISO and ERCOT are US energy
markets.
Source: Adapted from IEA (2016a), Medium-Term Renewable Energy Market Report 2016.
Source: Paolo Frankl, IEA, Lisbon, 10th Oct 2017
© IEA 2017
Renewable power substituting fossil fuels in end-uses
Beyond current uses, renewable electricity can substitute fossil fuels in direct uses in
buildings, industry and transports, directly or through electrochemistry/electrolysis
Power plants
IndustrySteam
Force
Electrolysis
BuildingsHeating
Cooking
Lighting
Feedstock, process
agents, fuelTransportsEVs
H-rich fuels
Source: Paolo Frankl, IEA, Lisbon, 10th Oct 2017
Sustainable Tourism. Transports (FCVs,…).
Sustainable Tourism. Transports. H2 from microalgae
Sustainable Tourism. Home Energy Station
Sustainable Tourism. Algae biomass. Smart
Cities/Smart Buildings
Sustainable Tourism. Algae biomass. Buildings &
Industry
Microalgae vertical panels for buildings integration
Needs efforts on R&D and Innovation at Demo scale.
Source: Luis Manuel Navas
Univ. Valladolid, Spain
Broader concept of “Biomass” – Circular Economy
The linear economy – TAKE – MAKE – DISPOSE
New product = new raw material
Source: Ellen Macarthur Foundation
Broader concept of “Biomass” – Circular Economy
Source: Ellen Macarthur Foundation
Principle 1: Preserve and enhance natural
capital by controlling finite stocks and balancing
renewable resource flows
Principle 2: Optimise
resource yields by
circulating products,
components and
materials in use at the
highest utility at all times
in both technical and
biological cycles
Principle 3: Foster system
effectiveness by revealing and
designing out negative externalities
Impact of Circular Economy
1 Numbers only cover mobility, food, and built environment.2 Including cash-out costs (e.g. health costs, governance, infrastructure) and externalities (e.g. congestion, CO2, productivity
losses)
SOURCE: Ellen MacArthur Foundation, SUN, McKinsey Center for Business and Environment - Growth Within: a circular
economy vision for Europe
TAKE-HOME MESSAGES
Biomass can be a major player (complementing other renewables energies) for
sustainable tourism, through the promotion of:
Sustainable Regions/Cities/Resorts (near-zero emissions; near-zero air
pollution emissions; near-zero wastewaters generated and reduced energy
spendings)
Low-carbon transports (advanced biofuels, CO2-based renewable fuels)
Circular economy concept (more value with less raw materials)
