windfloat dissertation
TRANSCRIPT
An Evaluation of the Offshore Wind Power
Potential Utilizing WindFloat Technology in
Coos Bay, Oregon
By Katelin HansonMay, 2014
Global Offshore Trends
Table 1. Installed Global Offshore Capacity through 2012.
Source: NCI, 2013, p.4
Meanwhile in the United
States….
The U.S. has ZERO installed
offshore wind energy
developments!
Layout
1. Aims and Objectives
2. Context: U.S. Wind Energy Target
3. Projects: Onshore and Offshore
4. Methods
5. Main Results
6. Discussion
7. Recommendations
8. Conclusion
1. Aims and Objectives
AIM: To compare the potential wind power of two modelled
wind farms in the U.S.
Three components:
1. U.S. 20% goal
2. Wind Atlas and Application Programme (WAsP)
3. Economic and Political Barriers
Main hypothesis: offshore wind power can generate more
power than onshore
2. Context: U.S. Wind Energy Target
Figure 1. U.S. Electrical Energy Mix by 2030 with 20% wind scenarioSource: NREL, 2008. p.12.
• Climate change and the need for domestic clean energy
• Increased electricity demand by 39% by 2030
• Potential offshore capacity: 4,150 GW
3. Projects: Onshore and Offshore
Main Obstacle: Continental Shelf
Source: HowStuffWorks, 2001
Source: Breton and Moe, 2009, p. 651
Figure 3. Traditional foundations for offshore wind
turbines Figure 2. Pacific and Atlantic shelves
WindFloat Technology
Figure 4. Active ballast system
Benefits WindFloat:
1. Onshore commission
2. Less environmentally
invasive
3. Can hold larger
turbines
4. Allows access to
higher wind resources
Source: Principle Power Inc., 2011
• Department of Energy (DOE) granted 7 projects each $4
million for engineering, design and permitting
• Offshore: WindFloat Pacific
• Onshore: Biglow Canyon
Figure 5. Oregon’s existing onshore wind farms and 8
manufacturing facilities
Source: American Wind Energy Association, 2014
4. Methods
Four Scenarios:
Offshore:
1) 5 (6 MW) turbines
2) 200 (6 MW) turbines
3) 200 (1.65 MW) turbines
Onshore:
1) 200 (1.65 MW) turbines
WAsP: tool for wind data analysis, wind atlas generation, and
wind climate estimation
Source: Western Regional Climate Center, 2014
Figure 6. Wind Atlas data for Coos Bay
5. Main Results
WAsP map of WindFloat
Pacific 200 turbine wind farm
and the average Oregonian
households supplied
6. Discussion
Predicted Power Production
– More homes than Coos Bay and North Bend
– Upscale with the same turbine capacity
– WindFloat produces four-times Biglow Canyon
Limitations
– Turbine Editor tool
– Operational variation
6. Discussion
Key Barriers- High cost of development
- Transmission and infrastructure challenges
- Uncertainty regarding regulation, leasing, and permitting
Political Support- Power Purchase Agreements
- Offshore Renewable Energy Credits
- Renewable Production Tax Credits
7. Recommendations
1. WAsP: turbine data from manufacturers
2. Federal and state agencies set ambitious goals and
stable subsidies
3. Extending tax incentives
8. Conclusion
• Hypothesis supported
• WindFloat allows for higher energy production
–Drives down market prices
• Permanent legislation and subsidies
References
American Wind Energy Association, 2014. State Wind Energy Statistics: Oregon. [online] Available at: < http://www.awea.orgResources/state.aspx?ItemNumber=5189>. [Accessed on 14 April 2014].
Breton, S. and Moe, G., 2009. Status, plans and technologies for offshore wind turbines in Europe and North America. Renewable Energy, 34 (3) p. 646-654.
How stuff works, 2001. Why are the waves on the U.S. West Coast larger than the waves on the East Coast? [online] Available at: < http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/oceanography/question623.htm> [Accessed on 12 October 2013].
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 2008. 20% Wind Energy by 2030: Increasing Wind Energy’s Contribution to U.S. Electricity Supply. [pdf] TN: U.S. DOE, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Available at: <http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy08osti/41869.pdf>. [Accessed 27 January 2014].
Navigant Consulting, Inc. (NCI), 2013. U.S. Offshore Wind Manufacturing and Supply Chain Development. U.S. Department of Energy, TN. Available at: < http://www1.eere.energy.gov/wind/pdfs/us_offshore_wind_supply_chain_and_manufacturing_development.pdf> [Accessed on 8 April 2014].
Principle Power Inc., 2011. Principle Power’s WindFloat. [video online] Available at: < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IO7GXLR4YUo>. [Accessed on 25 February 2014].
Western Regional Climate Center, 2014. North Bend (AWOS) Oregon. [online] Available at: < http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/wea_windrose.pl?laKOTH>. [Accessed on 15 March 2014].