biology - rhinelander.k12.wi.us 09... · small particles of rna and protein found ... break down...

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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology

Biology

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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure


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Comparing the Cell to a Factory

1. Eukaryotic Cell Structures

A.Organelles:

•Structures within a eukaryotic cell

• perform important cellular functions

B. Cytoplasm:

* Gel/liquid portion that surrounds the

organelles.


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Plant Cell

Nuclear envelope

Ribosome (free)

Ribosome

(attached)

Mitochondrion

Golgi

apparatus

Vacuole

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Smooth

endoplasmic

reticulum

Rough endoplasmic

reticulum

Cell wall

Cell membrane

Chloroplast

Resources/ActiveArt/index.html


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Smooth endoplasmic

reticulum

Ribosome (free)

Ribosome

(attached)

Golgi

apparatus

Mitochondrion

Rough

endoplasmic

reticulum

Cell membrane

Nucleus

Nuclear envelope

Nucleolus

Centrioles

Animal Cell



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Nucleus

C. Nucleus:

* control center of the cell.

(The nucleus contains nearly all the

cell's DNA and with it the coded

instructions for making proteins and

other important molecules.)


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Nucleus

D. nuclear envelope:

*membrane

composed of 2 layers

E. nuclear pores:

(small hole) allows

materials to move in

and out of the

nucleus.

Nuclear

envelope

Nuclear

pores


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Nucleus

F. chromatin: granular material in the nucleus

* consists of DNA bound to protein.

Chromatin


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Nucleus

G. chromosomes:

*In cell division; condensed chromation

* contain the genetic information

( that is passed from one generation of cells to

the next.)


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Nucleus

H. nucleolus:

* assembly of ribosomes begins.

Nucleolus


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Nucleus

The Nucleus

Nucleolus Nuclear envelope

Nuclear

pores

Chromatin


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Ribosomes

I. Ribosomes:*small particles of RNA and protein found

throughout the cytoplasm

*assembles proteins by following coded

instructions that come from the nucleus

(One of the most important jobs carried out in

the cell is making proteins.)

.


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Endoplasmic Reticulum

J. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

*Factory

*lipid components of the cell

membrane, proteins, and other

materials that exported are assembled


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Ribosomes

Endoplasmic

Reticulum


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1. two types of ER:

a. rough ER: involved in protein

synthesis

(Ribosomes are found on the

surface of rough ER.

Rough ER is abundant in cells that

produce large amounts of protein

for export. )

b. Smooth ER: contains collections of

enzymes that perform specialized

tasks


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Golgi Apparatus

K. Golgi apparatus:*post office

*modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage or secretion outside the cell.

(From the Golgi apparatus, proteins are then “shipped” to their final destinations throughout the cell or outside of the cell.)


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Golgi Apparatus

The Golgi apparatus appears as a stack of closely

apposed membranes.


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Lysosomes

L. Lysosomes:

*small and filled with enzymes.

*break down lipids, carbohydrates, and

proteins into small molecules

*break down old organelles


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Vacuoles

M. Vacuoles

*saclike structures

*store materials such as water, salts,

proteins, and carbohydrates.


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Vacuoles

a. plant cells have a

single, large central

vacuole filled with liquid.

(The pressure of the

central vacuole allows

plants to support heavy

structures such as leaves

and flowers. ) Vacuole


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Vacuoles

(Vacuoles are also found

in some unicellular

organisms and in some

animals.

The paramecium contains

a contractile vacuole that

pumps excess water out

of the cell.)

Contractile vacuole


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Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Mitochondrion

N. Mitochondria :“Power house”

* convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that the cell can use.


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Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

ChloroplastO. Chloroplasts

•capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy

(in a process called photosynthesis.)

*contain the green pigment chlorophyll


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Cytoskeleton

P. Cytoskeleton:

*network of protein filaments

•helps to maintain cell shape.

• cell movement

1. The cytoskeleton is made up of:


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Cytoskeleton

a. Microfilaments:

1. threadlike structures made up of

the protein

2. form extensive networks

3. produce a tough, flexible

framework that supports the cell.

4. help some cells move.


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Cytoskeleton

b. Microtubules

* hollow structures made up of

proteins

1. maintain cell shape.

2. important in cell division.

3. form cilia and flagella--enable

some cells to swim rapidly

through liquids.


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Cytoskeleton

Cytoskeleton

Ribosomes Mitochondrion

Endoplasmic

reticulum

Cell membrane

Microtubule

Microfilament


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Cytoskeleton

Q. Centrioles:

*in animal cells

* located near the nucleus

* help to organize cell division.

- or -

Continue to: Click to Launch:

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7-2


Resources/ch07_sectn02_quiz.qtb

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7-2

In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually visible

as

a. a dense region called the nucleolus.

b. the nuclear envelope.

c. granular material called chromatin.

d. condensed bodies called chloroplasts.

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7-2

Two functions of vacuoles are storing materials

and helping to

a. break down organelles.

b. assemble proteins.

c. maintain homeostasis.

d. make new organelles.

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7-2

Chloroplasts are found in the cells of

a. plants only.

b. plants and some other organisms.

c. all eukaryotes.

d. most prokaryotes.

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7-2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the

Golgi apparatus?

a. synthesize proteins

b. modify proteins

c. sort proteins

d. package proteins

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7-2

Which of the following is a function of the

cytoskeleton?

a. manufactures new cell organelles

b. assists in movement of some cells from one

place to another

c. releases energy in cells

d. modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

END OF SECTION

biology - rhinelander.k12.wi.us 09... · *small particles of rna and protein found ... *break down...

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biology - rhinelander.k12.wi.us 09... · small particles of rna and protein found ... break down...