Biology NotesCharacteristics of

Living ThingsPart 1

Standard

Students will:Identify what science is , what clearly is

not science, and what superficially resembles science.

Essential Questions 1. What qualifies something as

alive?

I. What is Biology?

Biology = the study of _____

• For an organism to be considered _________, it must possess certain _________________

life

alivecharacteristics

A. Characteristics of Living Things

1. All living things are made up of _______

Red blood cells

Plant Cells Foot fungus cells

cells

Cell = a collection of living ________ enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its ____________

• A cell is the smallest unit of _________ considered to be _____

Creatures with only one cell are called ____________ while creatures with more than one cell are called ____________

matter

alivematter

unicellular

multi-cellular

environment

Unicellular or Multi-Cellular????

unicellular plankton

multi-cellular bird

multi-cellular flower

unicellular gut bacteria

2. All living things _____________

• Sexual Reproduction = creating a new __________ from cells of ___ different ________

e.g.

reproduce

organism 2

humans, fish, plants, lions, etc.

parents

• Asexual Reproduction = creating a new __________ from only ____ parent

e.g.organism one

Hydra (budding); most unicellular organisms

3. All living things are based on a _________ code (____)

• Organisms created by __________reproduction are identical to the single parent. They have the same _______ or genetic code.

• Organisms created by _______reproduction are similar to ______ parents because the offspring have DNA from each parent.

geneticDNA

asexual

sexual

DNA

both

4. All living things ______ and ________

• Unicellular organisms typically only ______ in size whereas multi-cellular organisms grow and _________

• Differentiation = the process of development where a single cell will ____________ and the groups of cell will take on different _______ in the body

e.g.

grow develop

multiplyjobs

Nerve cells, brain cells, etc.

growdevelop

Q. Do unicellular organisms grow and develop?

A. Unicellular organisms only grow

Q. Do multi-cellular organisms grow and develop?

A. Multi-cellular organisms both grow and develop.

5. All living things need sources of _______

• Energy is needed to complete many of life’s __________

e.g.

• What is the ultimate source of energy for life on Earth? ____________

energy

functions

Cellular respiration (all organisms) / Photosynthesis (plants)

the sun

• Metabolism = the series of __________ to build or break materials in order to obtain ___________ necessary for life ___________

e.g.

reactionsenergyfunctions

Eat food → broken down for energy (humans, animals, etc.)

6. All living things __________ to their environment

• Stimulus = any signal to which an organism can respondStimuli can either external or __________

e.g.

respond

internalsun to plants → grow (external) /

low blood sugar → hunger → eat (internal)

7. All living things maintain _______________

• Homeostasis = the ability of an organism to keep a ________ internal environment

e.g.

homeostasis

stable

body temperature / heart rate / sugar level

8. As a group, living things __________

• Evolution = the change of an organism over _____ in order to adapt to a ___________ environment and _________

e.g.

change

timechanging survive

giraffe necks

B. Hierarchy of Biology

Biologists can group systems and organisms

to study or ____________ progressively

from the simple to the most ________

investigatecomplex

1. Subatomic Particles = _________, neutrons, and electrons that make up atoms

2. Atom = the basic unit of _______ e.g.

3. Molecule = a group of atoms that is the smallest unit of chemical ___________e.g.

4. Organelle = groups of molecules that perform the same tasks make up the different parts of a ____

e.g.

protons

matter

compounds

water, DNA, proteins, salt

oxygen atom, hydrogen atom

cell

nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria

4. Cell = smallest living piece of __________

e.g.

5. Tissues = groups of similar cells that perform the same ___________

e.g.

6. Organ = groups of _________ that perform similar functions

e.g.

matter

nerve cell, liver cell

function

smooth tissue, connective tissue

tissues

brain, heart

7. Organ System = groups of ________ that perform similar functions

e.g.

8. Organism = an individual living ______ that has multiple and interacting organ systems

e.g.

9. Population = groups of __________ that live in the same ______

e.g.

organs

digestive, circulatory

being

plant, person, worm

organismsarea

students at Sandalwood / herd of cows /flock of sheep

10. Community = different ___________ that live in a defined area

i.e.

11. Ecosystem (Biome) = the community plus all the ___________ parts (climate)

i.e.

12. Biosphere = all ecosystems on _________

populations

Jax. Beach = surfers, turtles, fish, seaweed, etc.

non-living

tundra, rainforest, savanna

Earth