biology - chapter 6 ( ruminant and rodent ) form 4
TRANSCRIPT
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BIOLOGY
DIGESTION OF CELLULOSE IN RUMINANT AND
RODENT
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GROUP MEMBER
NURUL IZZAH
AMANJOT KAUR
NURINA ADLINA
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Ruminant animals use a special four-chambered stomach with a unique microbial
flora to digest tough cellulose found in the plants in their diets. Most vertebrates cannot make cellulase, the enzyme that breaks down cellulose, but microbes in the rumen produce
it for them.
Ruminants chew and ingest plant matter and then swallow it. The plant matter is
separated into liquids and solids in the rumen, and liquids drain into the reticulum.
Solids in the rumen are then regurgitated into the mouth to be chewed and further
broken down.
Liquids pass from the reticulum into the omasum, where sugars, fatty acids, and other
nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream.
After the omasum, food passes into the abomasum, which is much like the stomach in non-ruminant (monogastric) animals, and from there moves into the small intestine,
where it is digested.
RUMINANT
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ABOMASUM
• The fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants. It secretes rennin - the artificial form of which is called rennet, and is used in cheese creation.
RUMEN
• The first chamber in the alimentary canal of ruminant animals. It serves as the primary site for microbial fermentation of ingested feed.
OMASUM
• The third compartment of the stomach in ruminants. Though its functions have not been well-studied, it appears to primarily aid in the absorption of water, magnesium, and the volatile fatty acids produced.
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Ruminants are mammals that digest plant based food by processing it in a series of chambers in their stomachs. There are about 150 species of ruminants, including both domestic and wild species. Ruminating mammals include cattle, goats, sheep, giraffes, bison, moose, elk, yaks, water buffalo, deer, camels, alpacas, llamas, and antelope.
Ruminants differ from non-ruminants (called monogastrics) because they have a four-chambered stomach. The four compartments are called the rumen, the reticulum, the omasum, and the abomasum. The rumen and the reticulum are connected and work in concert and are therefore sometimes called the "reticulorumen" .
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Flow of food in ruminant
mouth
oesophagus
rumen mouth
omasum
reticulum
abomasum
regurgitationfermentation
curdswallow
swallow- H2O
chyme
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Digestive System of Rodents• Their caecum and appendix are
enlarged to store the cellulase producing bacteria
• Food pass the alimentary canal twice
- first as food - then as soft faeces
Soft and watery faeces usually produced at night
Eaten again
Pass out as hard and dry faeces during the day
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Rat’s caecum
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Flow of food in rodents
mouth
oesophagus
stomach caecum
anus
Small intestine
swallow
Re-eat the faeces to absorb more nutrient
Digest cellulose
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Eaten again? Why??
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THE END