biology building blocks of life. definitions for section 7 carbohydrate carbohydrate monosaccharide...
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Biology
Building Blocks of Life
Definitions for Section 7
Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Lipid Protein Amino acid
Nucleic Acid Nucleotide
Biomolecules Molecules that
contain carbon are called organic molecules
All life on Earth contains carbon
Other elements found in life include CHONPS
4 major classes of biomoleculesCarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids
Carbs CARBOHYDRATES:
Compounds composed of C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio
MONOSACCHARIDES: Simple sugars that are the building blocks of carbohydrates Glucose is a
monosaccharide Plays central role in
cellular energy Two monosaccharides,
such as glucose and fructose, can join to form something like sucrose (table sugar) made of
Longer chains can form, making complex carbsGlycogen (animals)
and starch (plants) store energy
Cellulose provides support for plant cells (cell walls)
Chitin makes up exoskeletons of arthropods
Sugars can be identified by the ending –oseSucrose, fructose,
lactose
Carbs are used for structure and energy
Grease is Good LIPIDS: Molecules
made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with few oxygen Includes fats, oils,
and waxes Main building blocks
are FATTY ACIDS Long chains of 4-28
carbons with attached hydrogens
Lipids important for structure, energy storage (2x energy of carbs (VERY IMPORTANT!))
Other important lipids includePhospholipids
(discussed in chapter 7)
SterolsInclude
cholesterol and the hormones estrogen and testosterone
Proteins PROTEIN:
Compound made of small carbon compounds called AMINO ACIDSBuilding blocks of
proteins Contain carbon,
oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur
Made of long chains of thousands of amino acids bent into certain shapes
Sequence of amino acids and shape of protein determines function!!!
Changing the shape of the protein affects its function
REMEMBER: STRUCTURE DETERMINES FUNCTION
Proteins used for structure, transport, cell growth, and building/breaking down substances, and energy
Important proteins include:Hemoglobin in red blood cells which picks
up oxygen (VERY IMPORTANT)Keratin, which makes fingernails, hair,
scales, feathers Special class of proteins called enzymes
Who Am I? NUCLEIC ACIDS:
Macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information
NUCLEOTIDES: Building blocks of nucleic acids
Contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus
Include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Main purpose is to carry information
ADENINE (A)
Section 4 Assignment Create a table of the FOUR biomolecules. Be sure to
include in your table the type of biomolecule, their functions, elements contained within, building blocks, and 2 examples of each (not necessary to be too specific).
If you were given a chemical formula of an unknown substance, how could you tell if it was a carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid? Give me a reason for each major biomolecule. Then identify each of these chemical formulas as carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.C3H7NO2S, C5H5N5PO4, C13H30O3, C12H22O11
How do organisms such as ourselves get the carbon, nitrogen, and other important elements?
Section 4 Assignment Create a table of the FOUR biomolecules. Be sure to
include in your table the type of biomolecule, their functions, elements contained within, building blocks, and 2 examples of each (not necessary to be too specific).
If you were given a chemical formula of an unknown substance, how could you tell if it was a carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid? Give me a reason for each major biomolecule. Then identify each of these chemical formulas as carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.C3H7NO2S, C5H5N5PO4, C13H30O3, C12H22O11
How do organisms such as ourselves get the carbon, nitrogen, and other important elements?